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Tausug
	Bahasa Sūg; بَهَسَ سُوگ
Native to	; Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia;
Region	— Spoken throughout the Sulu Archipelago and eastern Sabah; — Also spoken in Zamboanga City and North Kalimantan (Indonesia)
Ethnicity	; Tausūg people; Filipinos in Indonesia; Filipinos in Malaysia;
Native speakers	1.1 million (2000);
Language family	; Austronesian; ; Malayo-Polynesian ; Philippine ; Central Philippine ; Visayan Southern Visayan Tausug; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	; Latin (Malay alphabet); Arabic (Jawi)
Official status
Official language in	; Regional language in the Philippines;
Regulated by	Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tsg
Glottolog	; taus1251;
	; ; Areas where Tausug is the majority language;
	; This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tausug (Tausug: Bahasa Sūg, Malay: Bahasa Suluk) is a regional language spoken in the province of Sulu in the Philippines, in the eastern area of the state of Sabah, Malaysia, and in North Kalimantan, Indonesia by the Tausūg people.

It is widely spoken in the Sulu Archipelago (Tawi-Tawi), Zamboanga Peninsula (Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga City), Southern Palawan, Malaysia (eastern Sabah) and Indonesia (North Kalimantan). Tausug and Chavacano are the only Philippine languages spoken on the island of Borneo.

The Tausug language is very closely related to the Surigaonon language of the provinces Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur and Agusan del Sur, and to the Butuanon language of northeastern Mindanao.

Etymology

The name of the language in Tausug is Bahasa Sūg ("language of Sulu"). Tausūg is derived from two words: Tau ("person") and sūg ("current"), presumably referring to their economic livelihood that depends on the strong currents of the Sulu Sea, where they used to trans-navigate as fishermen, pearl divers and traders.

Even today, the Sulu Sea is still the strategic trade route of the southern Philippines and the nearby ASEAN nations. As early as the 10th century, the trade route between Sulu and China and North Borneo is believed to have been already flourishing. The people in the area were known as the "people of the current", the literal translation of "Tausūg".

Phonology

^[3]

Tausug Alphabet
Letter	A	B	D	G	H	I	J	K	L	M
Name	Alip	bā'	dāl	gā'	hā'	ī	jīm	kāp	lām	mīm
IPA	/a/	/b/, /β/	/d/	/ɡ/, /ɣ/	/h/, /ɦ/	/i/	/dʒ/	/k/	/l/	/m/
Letter	N	Ng	P	R	S	T	U	W	Y	'
Name	nūn	ngā'	pā'	rā'	sīn	tā'	ū	wāw	yā'	hamja
IPA	/n/	/ŋ/	/p/	/r/, /ɹ/	/s/	/t/	/u/	/w/	/j/	/ʔ/

Consonants

Features: Gemination of all non-glottal consonants

b [b] or [β] when between vowels^[4]

d [d]

g [ɡ] or [ɣ] when between vowels^[4]

h [h] or [ɦ] when between vowels^[3]

j [dʒ]

k [k]

l [l]

m [m]

n [n]

ng [ŋ]

p [p]

r [r] or [ɹ] when before a nasal consonant^[3]

s [s]

t [t]

w [w]

y [j]

Vowels

Features: Vowel lengthening (e.g. bāy 'house'). Stress: Nonphonemic stress on final syllable.

a/ā [a,ɐ,ɑ] and [aː]

i/ī [i,ɪ] and [iː]

u/ū [u,ʊ] and [uː]

ü [ɜ]

There is also an unstressed sound [ə]^[3].

The letters o and e are used in loan words and names from other languages.

Diphthongs: aw, uy, ay, iw^[5]

Script

It is alleged that the Tausug language was previously written in a Baybayin-related script called "Luntarsug."^[6] The former Sultan of Sulu appears to have confirmed this view with physical evidence. The Tausūg language was previously written with the Arabic alphabet. The script used was inspired by the use of Jawi in writing the Malay language.

An example of the Arabic alphabet in writing the Tausūg language:

Latin script – Wayruun tuhan malaingkan Allāh, hi Muhammad rasūl sin Allāh

Arabic script – وَيْـرُٷنْ تُـهَـنْ مَـلَـيِـڠْـكَـن هَالله، هِـمُـحَـمَّـدْ ئِـڠ رَسُـولْ سِـڠ الله

English translation – There is no god but Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah

The Arabic script used to write the Tausug language differs in some aspects to the script used for the Arabic language and in the Jawi script used for Malay languages. One of the main differences is in the way that word-initial vowels are written.

In Arabic, /in/ is (إن); in Jawi (Malay), it is (ان). In Tausug, it is (ئِن). The Tausug Arabic script utilises the letter yā' with a hamza to represent a short vowel. If a kasra (ِ) is added, it becomes an 'i' sound. If a fatha (َ) is added, it becomes an 'a' sound. If a damma (ُ) is added, it becomes a 'u' sound.

Letters

Tausug Alphabet – Arabic Script
Character	Isolated	Initial	Medial	Final	Name
ا	ﺍ			ﺎ	alip
ب	ﺏ	ﺑ	ـﺒ	ـﺐ	bā'
ت	ﺕ	ﺗ	ـﺘ	ـﺖ	tā'
ج	ﺝ	ﺟ	ـﺠ	ـﺞ	jīm
د	د			ـد	dāl
ر	ﺭ			ـر	rā'
س	ﺱ	ﺳ	ـﺴ	ـﺲ	sīn
غ	ﻍ	ﻏ	ـﻐـ	ـﻎ	gayn
ڠ	ڠ	ڠـ	ـڠـ	ـڠ	ngā'
ف	ﻑ	ﻓ	ـﻔ	ـﻒ	pā'
ک	ک	ﻛ	ـﻜ	ـک	kāp
گ	گ	ﮔ	ـﮕـ	ـﮓ	gāp
ل	ﻝ	ﻟ	ـﻠ	ـﻞ	lām
م	ﻡ	ﻣ	ـﻤ	ـﻢ	mīm
ن	ﻥ	ﻧ	ـﻨ	ﻦ	nūn
و	ﻭ			ـو	wāw
ه	ﻩ	ﻫ	ـﻬ	ﻪ	hā'
ي	ﻱ	ﻳ	ـﻴـ	ﻲ	yā'
ء	ء			ء	hamja
أ	أ			ـأ	alip with hamja above
ﺅ	ﺅ			ـﺆ	wāw with hamja above
ئ	ئ	ئـ	ــئـ	ـئ	yā' with hamja above
لا	لا	لا	ــلا	ــلا	lām alip

Grammar

Pronouns

Personal life

	Absolutive	Ergative	Oblique
1st person singular	aku	ku	käku'
1st person dual	kita	natu', ta	katu'
2nd person singular	ikaw, kaw	mu	kaymu
3rd person singular	siya	niya	kaniya
1st person plural inclusive	kitaniyu	natu'niyu, taniyu	kätu'niyu, kätu'natu'
1st person plural exclusive	kami	namu	kämu'
2nd person plural	kamu	niyu	kaniyu
3rd person plural	sila	nila	kanila

Demonstrative

Enclitic Particles

Existential

Interrogative words

^[7]

English	Bahasa Sug
Who?	Hisiyu?
What?	Unu?
Where?	Hawnu? or Hariin?
Why?	Mayta'?
When? (future)	Ku'nu?
When? (past)	Ka'nu?
How? (process)	Biya'diin?
How? (condition)	Maunu-unu?

Examples:

English	Bahasa Sug
Who is your father?	Hisiyu in ama' mu?
What is he doing?	Unu in hiyhinang niya?
Where are you?	Hawnu kaw? or Hariin kaw?
Why are you crying?	Mayta' kaw nagtangis?
When are you arriving? (future)	Ku'nu kaw dumatung?
When did you arrived? (past)	Ka'nu kaw dimatung?
How did you know that? (process)	Biya'diin mu yan naingat?
How is Hamid? (condition)	Maunu-unu na hi Hamid?

Examples

English	Tausug Latin Script	Tausug Arabic Script
What is your name?	Unu in ngān mu?	اُنُ ئِـڠ ڠَـانـمُ؟
My name is Muhammad	In ngān ku Muhammad	ئِـڠ ڠَـانـكُ مُـحَـمَّـد
How are you?	Maunu-unu nakaw?	مَـؤُنُ اُنُ نَـكَـو؟
I am good	Marayaw da isab	مَـرَيَـو دَ ئِـسَـب
Where is Ahmad?	Hawnu hi Ahmad?	هَـونُ هِ أحـمَـد؟
He is in the house	Ha bāy siya	هَ بَـاي سِـيَ
Thank you	Magsukul	مَـگـسُـكُـل

Loan words

Many Tausug words derive from the Arabic language.

Some examples of Arabic words in Tausug are

Tausug Word	Meaning (Tausug)	Arabic Word	Pronunciation	Meaning (Arabic)
Adab	manners	أدب	adab	manners
Ahirat	Hereafter	آخرة	ākhirah	hereafter
Ajayb	amazing	عجيب	'ajīb	amazing
Akkal	intelligence	عقل	'Aql	intellect
Alam	universe	عالم	'ālam	world
Allāh	God	الله	Allāh	God
Amānat	message	أمانة	amānah	trust
Ammal	use	عمل	'amal	to make
Awal	origin	أوّل	awwal	first
Awliya	ascetic	أولياء	awliyā'	ascetics
Ayat	verse	آية	āyah	verse
Ayb	shame	عيب	'ayb	shame
Barawi	Desert robber	بدوي	badawī	bedouin
Batāl	unclean	باطل	bātil	void
Bilāl	Muezzin/caller to prayer	بلال	Bilāl	Bilal ibn Rabah
Daawa	excuse/alibi	دعوة	da'wah	invitation
Duhul	extremity	دخول	dukhūl	entrance
Daira	city	دائرة	dā'irah	area
Dayyus	cuckold	ديّوث	dayyūth	cuckold
Dunya	earth	دنيا	dunyā	world
Duwaa	prayer	دعاء	du'ā	prayer/supplication
Habal	news	خبر	khabar	news
Hadas	impurity	حدث	hadath	impurity
Hakīka	birth ritual	عقيقة	aqīqah	birth ritual
Hakīkat	truth	حقيقة	haqīqah	truth
Hatīb	speaker	خطيب	khatīb	speaker
Hawa	Eve	حواء	Hawā'	Eve
Hidāyat	announcement	هداية	hidāyah	guidance
Hikmat	wisdom	حكمة	hikmah	wisdom
Hukum	judge	حكم	hukm	ruling
Humus	alms	خمس	khums	fifth
Hutba'	sermon	خطبة	khutbah	sermon
Hurup	sound of a letter	حروف	hurūf	letters
Ibilīs	demon	إبليس	Iblīs	devil
Ihilās	sincerity	إخلاص	ikhlās	sincerity
Ijin	blessing	إذن	idhn	permission
Ilmu'	knowledge	علم	'ilm	knowledge
Imān	forbearingness	إيمان	īmān	faith
Intiha'	end	إنتهى	intihā	end
Irādat	determination	إرادة	irādah	determination
Islām	Islam	إسلام	Islām	Islam
Istigapar	to beg pardon	إستغفار	istighfār	to beg pardon
Instinja	pure	إستنجاء	istinjā'	to clean one's self
Jabūr	Psalms	زبور	zabūr	Psalms
Jāhil	foolish	جاهل	jāhil	ignorant
Jakāt	tithe	زكاة	zakāh	tithe
Jamāa	congregation	جماعة	jamā'ah	congregation
Jamān	clock	زمان	zamān	time
Janāja	bier	جنازة	janāzah	funeral
Jāt	appearance	ذات	dhāt	self
Jaytūn	olive	زيتون	zaytūn	olive
Jin	spirit	جنّ	jinn	demon
Jinā	adultery	زنا	zinā	adultery
Juba	garment	جبّة	jubbah	garment
Jubul	anus	دبر	dubr	anus
Junub	pollution	جنوب	junūb	dirty
Jurriyat	lineage	ذرية	dhurriyyah	offspring
Kahawa	coffee	قهوة	qahwah	coffee
Kāpil	disbeliever	كافر	kāfir	disbeliever
Karāmat	miracle	كرامة	karāmah	miracle
Kawwāt	power	قوّة	quwwah	force
Kubul	grave	قبور	qubūr	graves
Kudarat	Power of God	قدرة	qudrah	ability
Kulbān	sacrifice	قربان	qurbān	sacrifice
Kuppiya'	male head covering	كوفيّة	kūffiyah	kefiyyeh
Kupul	disbelief	كفز	kufr	disbelief
Lidjiki'	blessing	رزق	rizq	sustenance
Maana	meaning	معنة	ma'nah	meaning
Magrib	sunset	مغرب	maghrib	sunset
Magsukul	Thanks	شكر	shukr	thanks
Mahluk	human	مخلوق	maklūq	created
Maksud	purpose	مقصود	maqsūd	intended
Makbul	fulfilled	مقبول	maqbūl	accepted
Malak	Beautiful	ملك	malak	Angel
Maruhum	deceased	مرحوم	marhūm	deceased
Masrik	east	مشرق	mashriq	east
Matakaddam	parable	متقدّم	mutaqaddam	preceding
Mayat	corpse	ميت	mayt	dead
Mujijat	mystery	معجزة	mu'jizah	miracle
Mulid	pupil	مريد	murīd	pupil
Munapik	hypocrite	منافق	munāfiq	hypocrite
Murtad	apostate	مرتد	murtad	apostate
Muskil	uncommon	مشكل	mushkil	problem
Mustahak	lawful owner	مستحقّ	mustahaqq	deserving
Mustajab	occurred	مستجاب	mustajāb	answered
Muwallam	scholar	معلّم	mu'allim	teacher
Nabī	prophet	نبي	nabī	prophet
Najal	promise	نذر	nadhar	vow/promise
Najjis	filth	ناجس	nājis	filthy
Napas	breath	نفس	nafas	breathe
Napsu	desire	نفس	nafs	ego/desire
Nasihat	advice	نصيحة	nasīhah	advice
Paham	familiarity	فهم	fahm	understanding
Pardu'	legislation	فرض	fard	compulsory
Piil	action	فعل	fi'l	action
Pikil	think	فكر	fikr	thought
Pir'awn	Pharaoh	فرعون	fir'awn	Pharaoh
Rahmat	blessing	رحمة	rahmah	mercy
Rasūl	messenger	رسول	rasūl	messenger
Ruku'	bow	ركوع	rukū'	bowing
Rukun	precept	ركن	rukn	pillar
Sabab	because	سبب	sabab	reason/cause
Sahabat	follower	صحابة	sahābah	companions
Saytān	Satan	شيطان	shaytān	Satan
Sual	discussion	سؤال	su'āl	question
Subu	dawn	صبح	subh	dawn
Sunnat	female circumcision	سنّة	sunnah	tradition/sunnah
Takabbul	arrogant	تكبّر	takabbur	arrogance
Takwīm	calendar	تقويم	taqwīm	calendar
Tallak	divorce	طلاق	talāq	divorce
Tarasul	Tausug poem	تراسل	tarāsul	correspondence
Tasbi	prayer beads	تسبيح	tasbīh	praise
Ummul	age	عمر	'amr	age
Wajib	compulsory	واجب	wājib	compulsory
Wakap	pause	وقف	waqf	pause
Waktu	time	وقت	waqt	time

Tausug words derived from Sanskrit

Tausug Word	Meaning (Tausug)	Sanskrit Word	Pronunciation	Meaning (Sanskrit)
Guru	teacher	गुरु	guru	teacher
Naga	dragon	नाग	nāga	serpent
Āgama	religion	आगम	āgama	religion
Lahu'	eclipse	राहु	rāhu	eclipse
Lupa	appearance	रूप	rūpa	appearance
Dukka	grieve	दुःख	duḥkha	suffering
Sutla'	silk	सूत्र	sūtra	to sew/thread

Numbers

Tausug	Cebuano	Malay	Kadazan-Dusun	Javanese
1 – Isa (Hambook)	usa	satu	iso	siji
2 – Duwa	duha	dua	duo	loro
3 – Tū	tulo	tiga	tolu	telu
4 – Upat	upat	empat	apat	papat
5 – Lima	lima	lima	limo	limo
6 – Unum	unom	enam	onom	enem
7 – Pitu	pito	tujuh	turu	pitu
8 – Walu	walo	lapan	walu	wolu
9 – Siyam	siyam	sembilan	siam	songo
10 – Hangpu'	napu'o	sepuluh	hopod	sepuloh

Tausug	Cebuano	Malay
11 – Hangpuh tag isa	napulo'g usa	sebelas
20 – Kawha'an	kawhaan	dua puluh
30 – Katlu'an	katloan	tiga puluh
40 – Ka'patan	kap'atan	empat puluh
50 – Kay'man	kalim'an	lima puluh
60 – Ka'numan	kanuman	enam puluh
70 – Kapituwan	kapitoan	tujuh puluh
80 – Kawaluhan	kawalohan	delapan puluh
90 – Kasiyaman	kasiyaman	sembilan puluh
100 – Hanggattus	usa ka gatus	se ratus
1,000 – Ha'ngibu	usa ka libo	se ribu

External links

Publications in Tausūg and other Philippine languages

Tausug-English Dictionary of SIL International. online version accessible from Webonary.org.

Tausug Language by Dr. Carl G. Rubino

Bansa.org Tausug Dictionary

Tausug English Glossary Search for common Tausug Words

Tausug 101 by Anak Iluh

References

^ Tausug at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tausug". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

^ ^a^b^c^d see Tan, Evangeline K. (1967). "The phonology of Tausug: a descriptive analysis". open.library.ubc.ca. M.A.Thesis, University of British Columbia. p. 16.

^ ^a^b Jawali, Hamsali S. 2006. Ta'u-sug–English–Tagalog Dictionary. National Bookstore: Mandaluyong.

^ As in issiw, variant of hisiyu, 'who.'

^ "Luntarsug: Reconstruction of a Lost Ancient Sulu Script". layagsug.com.

^ "Blogger". www.tausug101.blogspot.com.

Sundita, Christopher Allen (2002). In Bahasa Sug: An Introduction to Tausug. Lobel & Tria Partnership, Co. ISBN 971-92226-6-2.

[e18-1] Tausug at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tausug". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}

[Tan1967-3] see Tan, Evangeline K. (1967). "The phonology of Tausug: a descriptive analysis". open.library.ubc.ca. M.A.Thesis, University of British Columbia. p. 16.

[jawali-4] Jawali, Hamsali S. 2006. Ta'u-sug–English–Tagalog Dictionary. National Bookstore: Mandaluyong.

[5] As in issiw, variant of hisiyu, 'who.'

[6] "Luntarsug: Reconstruction of a Lost Ancient Sulu Script". layagsug.com.

[7] "Blogger". www.tausug101.blogspot.com.

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