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"Beyond a reasonable doubt" redirects here. For other uses, see Beyond a reasonable doubt (disambiguation). For other uses, see Reasonable doubt (disambiguation). Reasonable doubt is a term used in jurisdiction of common law countries. Evidence that is beyond reasonable doubt is the standard of evidence required to validate a criminal conviction in most adversarial legal systems. [1] Generally, prosecutors bear the burden of proof and are required to prove their version of events to this standard. This means that the proposition being presented by the prosecution must be proven to the extent that there could be no "reasonable doubt" in the mind of a "reasonable person" that the defendant is guilty. There can still be a doubt, but only to the extent that it would not affect a reasonable person's belief regarding whether or not the defendant is guilty. Beyond "the shadow of a doubt" is sometimes used interchangeably with beyond reasona...

Not to be confused with pleading. For the genus of pygmy backswimmers, see Pleidae. Look up plea , not guilty , or guilty in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. In legal terms, a plea is simply an answer to a claim made by someone in a criminal case under common law using the adversarial system. Colloquially, a plea has come to mean the assertion by a defendant at arraignment, or otherwise in response to a criminal charge, whether that person pleaded guilty, not guilty, no contest, (in the United States) Alford plea or (in the United Kingdom) no case to answer. The concept of the plea is one of the major differences between criminal procedure under common law and procedure under the civil law system. Under common law, defendant who pleads guilty is automatically convicted and the remainder of the trial is used to determine the sentence. This produces a system known as plea bargaining, in which defendants may plead guilty in exchange for a more lenient punishment. In civil l...

Ten artykuł dotyczy rzeki. Zobacz też: miejscowość Biebrza. Zobacz w indeksie Słownika geograficznego Królestwa Polskiego hasło Biebrza Biebrza Biebrza płynąca obok Wrocenia Kontynent Europa Państwo   Polska Rzeka Długość 165 km Powierzchnia zlewni 7051 km² Średni przepływ 34,9 m³/s Burzyn [1] Źródło Miejsce Talki Współrzędne 53°36′42,1″N   23°32′07,1″E / 53,611700   23,535300 Ujście Recypient Narew Miejsce Wierciszewo (województwo podlaskie) Współrzędne 53°13′03″N   22°25′49″E / 53,217500   22,430278 Położenie na mapie województwa podlaskiego źródło ujście Położenie na mapie Polski źródło ujście Rzeka w początkowym biegu w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie Lipska Most kolejowy nad Biebrzą, w górnym biegu rzeki w okolicach wsi Jastrzębnej Pierwszej i Kamiennej Nowej Biebrza w Burzynie Ujście Biebrzy do Narwi, widok z lotu ptaka, ok. 3 km od Wizny B...

Sir Malcolm Macnaghten. Sir Malcolm Martin Macnaghten KBE, QC (12 January 1869 – 24 January 1955), was a Northern Ireland Unionist politician and judge, the fourth son of Lord Macnaghten, Bt.. Sir Malcolm was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was President of the Cambridge Union in 1890, he graduated with 1st class honours in history. [1] He was a Cambridge Apostle; he became a Barrister at Lincoln's Inn in 1894, a Bencher in 1915 and King's Counsel (KC) in 1919. Macnaghten sat as Member of Parliament for North Londonderry in 1922 and then for Londonderry from 1922 to 1929. He was Recorder of Colchester from 1924–1928, and a Judge of the High Court of Justice, King's Bench Division from 1928-1947. He was knighted (KBE) in 1920 and appointed a Privy Counsellor in the 1948 New Year Honours. [2] He was Commissary of the University of Cambridge from 1926. He married the daughter of social reformer Charles Booth and had three daughters...

In law, a committal procedure is the process by which a defendant is charged with a serious offence under the criminal justice systems of all common law jurisdictions except the United States. The committal procedure, sometimes known as a preliminary hearing, replaces the earlier grand jury process. In most jurisdictions criminal offences fall into one of three groups: There are less serious (summary) offences which are usually heard without a jury by a magistrate. These are roughly equivalent to the older category of misdemeanors (terminology that is now obsolete in most non-U.S. jurisdictions). There are intermediate offences which are indictable (equivalent to an old-style felony), but which can be heard summarily. For instance, theft is usually a serious offence. If however the charge is that the defendant stole a packet of biscuits worth only a very small amount, it would probably be heard by a magistrate. In Canada, these are known as hybrid offences , whereas in Eng...

Detention after charges are filed until a trial Not to be confused with Remand (court procedure). Lady Justice—allegory of justice—statue at court building in Olomouc Remand (also known as pre-trial detention or provisional detention ) is the process of detaining a person who has been arrested and charged with an offense until their trial. A person who is held on remand may be held as a prisoner in prison. Varying terminology is used, but "remand" is generally used in common law jurisdictions. Detention before charge is referred to as custody and continued detention after conviction is referred to as imprisonment. Because imprisonment without trial is contrary to the presumption of innocence, in liberal democracies pre-trial detention is usually subject to safeguards and restrictions. Typically, a suspect will only be remanded if it is likely that they could commit a serious crime, interfere with the investigation, or fail to turn up in court. In the majority o...