The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick (German: Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskirche in Braunschweig) is a Lutheran church in the German states of Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
The seat of the Landesbischof (bishop) is Wolfenbüttel. Its district as a Landeskirche covers the former Free State of Brunswick in the borders of 1945. As of 2016, the church had 341,919 members in 329 parishes.[1] It is a full member of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), and is based on the teachings brought forward by Martin Luther during the Reformation. It is also a member of the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany, the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe, the Lutheran World Federation, and the World Council of Churches. It is linked with the Church of England Diocese of Blackburn. [2]. Leading bishop of the church is Dr. theol. Friedrich Weber (since 2002). The Church of Brunswick owns about 480 churches; the most famous of these is Brunswick Cathedral.
Contents
1History
2Practices
3Mission
4Notes
5External links
History
The Church of Brunswick originated as the state church (German: Landeskirche) of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, where the Protestant Reformation was ultimately introduced in 1568. The ruling duke acted as bishop of the church. In 1704, Wolfenbüttel introduced religious tolerance, so that parishes not belonging to the state church could be founded. After the monarchy was abolished in 1918, the Church of Brunswick became an independent organization, but retained — like all former state churches — certain privileges. In 1922 the Brunswickian church counted 464,000 parishioners.[3]
Practices
Ordination of women and blessing of same-sex unions are allowed.[4]
Mission
The Evangelical-Lutheran Mission in Lower Saxony (ELM), which was founded in 1977 as a common organisation for the Evangelical Lutheran State Churches of Brunswick, Hanover and Schaumburg-Lippe, looks after relationships with the overseas partner churches of the Brunswick State Church. The headquarters of the ELM is in Hermannsburg in the Südheide. Since 2003 Pastor Martina Helmer-Pham Xuan has been the director of the mission.
^"Link Diocese". The Diocese of Blackburn. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
^Sebastian Müller-Rolli in collaboration with Reiner Anselm, Evangelische Schulpolitik in Deutschland 1918–1958: Dokumente und Darstellung, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1999, (=Eine Veröffentlichung des Comenius-Instituts Münster), p. 30.
ISBN 3-525-61362-8.
^Protestant Lutheran State Church of Brunswick Archived August 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
External links
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Brunswick
Evangelical Church in Germany EKD
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Regional churches of the EKD
Anhalt
Baden
Bavaria
Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia
Bremen
Brunswick
Hanover
Hesse and Nassau
Hesse-Kassel and Waldeck
Lippe
Middle Germany
Northern Germany
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Lutheran World Federation
Africa
Central and Eastern Africa
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Congo
Eritrea
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Eritrea
Ethiopia
Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus
Kenya
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Kenya
Kenya Evangelical Lutheran Church
Madagascar
Malagasy Lutheran Church
Rwanda
Lutheran Church of Rwanda
Tanzania
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania
Southern Africa
Angola
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Angola
Botswana
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Botswana
Malawi
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Malawi
Mozambique
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Mozambique
Namibia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (GELK)
South Africa
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (Cape Church)
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (N-T)
Moravian Church in South Africa
Zambia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zambia
Zimbabwe
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe
Western Africa
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Church of the Lutheran Brethren of Cameroon
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Cameroon
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Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Central African Republic
Republic of Congo
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Congo
Ghana
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ghana
Liberia
Lutheran Church in Liberia
Nigeria
The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria
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Senegal
The Lutheran Church of Senegal
Sierra Leone
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Sierra Leone
Asia and Pacific
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Hong Kong and Macau Lutheran Church
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Japan
Japan Lutheran Church
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South Korea
Lutheran Church in Korea
West and South Asia
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Bangladesh Lutheran Church
Bangladesh Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church
Georgia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
India
Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church
Arcot Lutheran Church
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Madhya Pradesh
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Himalayan States
Good Shepherd Evangelical Lutheran Church
Gossner Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chotanagpur and Assam
India Evangelical Lutheran Church
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Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church
Israel
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land
Jordan
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land
Kazakhstan
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
Kyrgyzstan
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
Myanmar
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Myanmar
Lutheran Church of Myanmar
Myanmar Lutheran Church
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Nepal
Nepal Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church
Palestinian territories
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land
Sri Lanka
Lanka Lutheran Church
Uzbekistan
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
South East Asia
Australia
Lutheran Church of Australia
Indonesia
Batak Christian Community Church
Christian Communion of Indonesia Church in Nias
Christian Protestant Church in Indonesia
Christian Protestant Angkola Church
Indonesian Christian Lutheran Church
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Protestant Christian Batak Church
Protestant Christian Church
Protestant Christian Church in Mentawai
Simalungun Protestant Christian Church
United Protestant Church
Malaysia
Basel Christian Church of Malaysia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Malaysia
Lutheran Church in Malaysia
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Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
Gutnius Lutheran Church
Philippines
Lutheran Church in the Philippines
Singapore
Lutheran Church in Singapore
Thailand
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thailand
Europe
Central Eastern Europe
Belarus
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
Croatia
Evangelical Church in the Republic of Croatia
Czech Republic
Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren
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Estonia
Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
Hungary
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Poland
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Romania
Evangelical Church of Augustan Confession in Romania
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Russia
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria in Russia
Serbia
Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia
Slovakia
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia
Slovenia
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia
Ukraine
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia and Other States
Central Western Europe
Austria
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Austria
Belgium
Lutheran Church of Belgium: Arlon and Christian Mission
France
Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine
United Protestant Church of France
Malagasy Protestant Church in France
Germany
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick
Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover
Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church Abroad
Church of Lippe (Lutheran classis)
Evangelical Church in Middle Germany
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg
Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schaumburg-Lippe
Evangelical Church in Württemberg
Ireland
Lutheran Church in Ireland
Italy
Lutheran Evangelical Church in Italy
Netherlands
Protestant Church in the Netherlands
Switzerland
Federation of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein
United Kingdom
Lutheran Church in Great Britain
The Lutheran Council of Great Britain
Nordic countries
Denmark
Church of Denmark
Finland
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
Iceland
Church of Iceland
Norway
Church of Norway
Evangelical Lutheran Free Church of Norway
Sweden
Church of Sweden
Latin America and the Caribbean
Central America and the Caribbean
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Evangelical Lutheran Church of Costa Rica
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Evangelical Lutheran Congregation "La Epifania"
Honduras
Christian Lutheran Church of Honduras
Mexico
German-Speaking Evangelical Congregation in Mexico
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Nicaraguan Lutheran Church of Faith and Hope
South America
Argentina
Evangelical Church of the River Plate
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Bolivian Evangelical Lutheran Church
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Brazil
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Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chile
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Colombia
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Colombia
St. Martin's Lutheran Congregation
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Ecuador
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Ecuador
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Evangelical Lutheran Church in Guyana
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Evangelical Lutheran Church in Peru
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Evangelical Lutheran Church in Suriname
Venezuela
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Venezuela
North America
Canada
Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church Abroad
Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada
United States
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
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Regional Protestant churches within the German Evangelical Church Confederation (1922–1933)
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No. built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA...
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