Italian Democratic Socialist Party









































































Italian Democratic Socialist Party
Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano
Leading figures
Giuseppe Saragat
Pier Luigi Romita
Pietro Longo
Franco Nicolazzi
Antonio Cariglia
Carlo Vizzini
Founder Giuseppe Saragat
Founded 11 January 1947 (1947-01-11)
Dissolved 10 May 1998 (1998-05-10)
Split from Italian Socialist Party
Merged into Italian Democratic Socialists
Headquarters Largo Toniolo, 16 Rome
Newspaper L'Umanità
Ideology
Social democracy
Centrism[1]
Pro-Europeanism[2]
Political position
Centre[1] to centre-left[1][3]
National affiliation
Centrism (1948–58)
Organic Centre-left
(1962–76)
Unified Socialist Party
(1966–71)
Pentapartito (1980–93)[4]
European affiliation
Party of European Socialists (1992–94)
International affiliation Socialist International
European Parliament group
Party of European Socialists (1979–94)
Forza Europa (1994–95)
Colours
     Red (official)
     Pink (customary)

  • Politics of Italy

  • Political parties

  • Elections


The Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Italian: Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano, PSDI) was a minor social-democratic[5]political party in Italy. The PSDI, before the 1990s decline in votes and members, had been an important force in Italian politics, being the longest serving partner in government for Christian Democracy. The party's founder and longstanding leader was Giuseppe Saragat, who served as President of the Italian Republic from 1964 to 1971.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 The years of the First Republic


    • 1.2 Decline and re-foundation




  • 2 Popular support


  • 3 Electoral results


    • 3.1 Italian Parliament


    • 3.2 European Parliament




  • 4 Leadership


  • 5 Symbols


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





History



The years of the First Republic


The party was founded as the Socialist Party of Italian Workers (Partito Socialista dei Lavoratori Italiani, PSLI) in 1947 by a splinter group of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), due to the decision of the latter to join the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in the Popular Democratic Front's electoral list for the 1948 general election.


The split, led by Giuseppe Saragat and the sons of Giacomo Matteotti, took the name of scissione di Palazzo Barberini from the name of a palace in Rome where it took place. In 1952, the party ultimately became the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, after joining forces with the smaller Unitary Socialist Party (PSU) in 1951.


From 1949 to 1965 members of the PSDI held the presidency of the Istituto Nazionale di Previdenza Sociale (INPS).[6]


In 1963 the party joined the PSI to form the Unified Socialist Party, but in 1968, after a dismaying result at the general election, it left the new party, returning to the PSDI name in 1971.


In 1980 the party joined Christian Democracy, the Italian Socialist Party, the Italian Republican Party and the Italian Liberal Party in the five-party coalition (Pentapartito) which ruled the country until 1994 (since 1991 without the Republicans). However the party's role in the coalition was minimal and was over-shadowed by the more powerful PSI.


The PSDI was a member of Socialist International and a founder member of the Party of European Socialists (PES). Its members of the European Parliament thus sat within the Socialist Group since 1979.[7][8][9] In 1994 the party was expelled from the PES.[10]



Decline and re-foundation


The PSDI was involved in the corruption scandals known as Tangentopoli and almost disappeared from the political scene. The 1994 general election resulted in an almost overnight decline of the Pentapartito coalition parties and the rise of Silvio Berlusconi-led Forza Italia, which absorbed many PSDI voters. In January 1995 Gian Franco Schietroma was elected national secretary of the party replacing Enrico Ferri, who wanted to join the centre-right Pole of Freedoms. The followers of Ferri left and established the European Liberal Social Democracy and joined the centre-right Christian Democratic Centre.


In 1998 the party, led by Schietroma, finally merged with the Italian Socialists, one of the successor parties of the PSI, to form the Italian Democratic Socialists. By then most members and voters of the party have joined other parties: Forza Italia (as Carlo Vizzini, party leader in 1992–1993), the Christian Democratic Centre (as Enrico Ferri, party leader in 1993–1995) and The Democrats (as Franco Bruno).


The party was re-established in 2004 with the same name, "Italian Democratic Socialist Party", as the continuation of the party of Saragat, so that the new PSDI numbers its congresses in perfect continuity with the late PSDI.



Popular support




Social Democratic leader Giuseppe Saragat in 1964.


The PSDI had its best result at its first appearance in the 1948 general election, when it gained 7.1% of the vote. In that occasion the party was successful in stealing many votes from the Italian Socialist Party, which was damaged by the split as well as by the alliance with the Italian Communist Party in the Popular Democratic Front. The PSDI found its heartlands in Northern Italy: 12.9% in the Province of Torino, 11.9% in Cuneo, 10.6% in Milan, 13.9% in Sondrio, 12.6% in Treviso, 15.9% in Belluno, and 14.9% in Udine.[11]


From 1953 to 1987 the party's support was around 4-5%, with the sole exception of 1963, when it gained 6.1%. In the 1992 general election, the last before Tangentopoli, the PSDI won just 2.7%. The party maintained for decades its strongholds in the North-West and North-East, but since the 1960s it started to gain support in Southern Italy. By 1987 the party's strongholds had moved South, especially Apulia, Campania, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily,[12] similarly to what also the other parties of Pentapartito (Christian Democrats, Socialists, Republicans and Liberals) were experiencing. This was partly due to the growth of regionalist parties in the North (united in Lega Nord since 1991).


After Tangentopoli, Mani pulite and subsequent political crisis, the PSDI has almost disappeared electorally, although it retains some support locally in the South, especially in Apulia.



Electoral results



Italian Parliament













































































































Chamber of Deputies
Election year
# of
overall votes
% of
overall vote
# of
overall seats won
+/–
Leader

1948
1,858,116 (#3)
7.7


33 / 574





Giuseppe Saragat

1953
1,222,957 (#6)
4.5


14 / 590




Decrease 19

Giuseppe Saragat

1958
1,345,447 (#5)
4.6


22 / 596




Increase 8

Giuseppe Saragat

1963
1,876,271 (#5)
6.1


33 / 630




Increase 11

Giuseppe Saragat

1968
4,605,832 (#3) (with PSU)
14.5


91 / 630




Increase 58

Giuseppe Saragat

1972
1,718,142 (#5)
5.1


29 / 630




Decrease 62

Mauro Ferri

1976
1,239,492 (#5)
3.4


29 / 630





Pier Luigi Romita

1979
1,407,535 (#5)
3.8


29 / 630





Pietro Longo

1983
1,508,234 (#6)
4.9


23 / 630




Decrease 6

Pietro Longo

1987
1,140,209 (#6)
3.0


17 / 630




Decrease 6

Franco Nicolazzi

1992
1,066,672 (#10)
2.7


16 / 630




Decrease 1

Antonio Cariglia

1994
179,495 (#14)
0.5


0 / 630




Decrease 16

Carlo Vizzini












































































































Senate of the Republic
Election year
# of
overall votes
% of
overall vote
# of
overall seats won
+/–
Leader

1948
1,219,287 (#3)
5.0


10 / 237





Giuseppe Saragat

1953
1,046,301 (#6)
4.3


4 / 237




Decrease 6

Giuseppe Saragat

1958
1,136,803 (#5)
4.4


5 / 246




Increase 1

Giuseppe Saragat

1963
1,743,837 (#5)
6.4


14 / 315




Increase 9

Giuseppe Saragat

1968
4,354,906 (#3)
15.2


46 / 315




Increase 32

Giuseppe Saragat

1972
1,614,273 (#5)
5.4


11 / 315




Decrease 35

Mauro Ferri

1976
974,940 (#5)
3.1


6 / 315




Decrease 5

Pier Luigi Romita

1979
1,320,729 (#5)
4.2


9 / 315




Increase 3

Pietro Longo

1983
1,184,936 (#6)
3.8


8 / 315




Increase 6

Pietro Longo

1987
822,593 (#6)
2.5


6 / 315




Decrease 2

Franco Nicolazzi

1992
853,895 (#10)
2.6


3 / 315




Decrease 3

Antonio Cariglia

1994
66,589 (#14)
0.2


0 / 315




Decrease 3

Carlo Vizzini


European Parliament













































European Parliament
Election year
# of
overall votes
% of
overall vote
# of
overall seats won
+/–
Leader

1979
1,514,272 (#5)
4.3


4 / 81





Pietro Longo

1984
1,225,462 (#6)
3.5


3 / 81




Decrease 1

Pietro Longo

1989
945,383 (#7)
2.7


2 / 81




Decrease 1

Antonio Cariglia

1994
227,439 (#13)
0.7


1 / 87




Decrease 1

Carlo Vizzini


Leadership



  • Secretary: Giuseppe Saragat (1947–1948), Alberto Simonini (1948), Ugo Guido Mondolfo (1949), Ludovico D'Aragona (1949), Giuseppe Saragat (1949–1952), Ezio Vigorelli (1952), Giuseppe Romita (1952), Giuseppe Saragat (1952–1954), Gian Matteo Matteotti (1954–1957), Giuseppe Saragat (1957–1964), Mario Tanassi (1964–1966), unification with PSI in the PSU (1966–1969), Mauro Ferri (1969–1972), Mario Tanassi (1972), Flavio Orlandi (1972–1975), Mario Tanassi (1975–1976), Giuseppe Saragat (1976), Pier Luigi Romita (1976–1978), Pietro Longo (1978–1985), Franco Nicolazzi (1985–1988), Antonio Cariglia (1988–1992), Carlo Vizzini (1992–1993), Enrico Ferri (1993–1995), Gian Franco Schietroma (1995–1998)

  • President: Giuseppe Saragat (1975–1976),

  • Party Leader in the Chamber of Deputies: Giuseppe Modigliani (1947), Rocco Gullo (1947–1948), Mario Langhena (1948–1950), Luigi Benanni (1950–1951), Ezio Vigorelli (1951–1954), Paolo Rossi (1954–1956), Alberto Simonini (1956–1958), Giuseppe Saragat (1958–1963), Virginio Bertinelli (1963–1966), Mario Tanassi (1966), Egidio Ariosto (1966–1969), Flavio Orlandi (1969–1972), Antonio Cariglia (1972–1976), Luigi Preti (1976–1978), Franco Nicolazzi (1978–1979), Alessandro Reggiani (1979–1987), Filippo Caria (1987–1992), Dino Madaudo (1992), Enrico Ferri (1992–1994)



Symbols




References





  1. ^ abc "Il punto sull'attivita' e sulla collocazione politica del PSDI; la olidarieta' del PSDI al digiuno di Marco Pannella contro la disinformazione della RAI in particolar modo sui 13 referendum". RadioRadicale (in Italian). 21 January 1994. Retrieved 5 December 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Jean-Pierre Darnis (16 February 2009). "Continuità e cambiamento dalla DC a Berlusconi". Affari Internazionali. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013.


  3. ^ Di Alberto Stabile (1984-05-01). "Nicolazzi, L' Anti-Longo Sogna Per Il Psdi Un Futuro A Sinistra". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 2013-12-05.


  4. ^ Il Pentapartito - Storia della Repubblica Italiana


  5. ^ Lawrence Ezrow (2011). "Electoral systems and party responsiveness". In Norman Schofield; Gonzalo Caballero. Political Economy of Institutions, Democracy and Voting. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 320. ISBN 978-3-642-19519-8.


  6. ^ A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943-1988 by Paul Ginsborg


  7. ^ "Parlement Européen 1979". Europe-politique. Retrieved 5 December 2013.


  8. ^ "Parlement Européen 1984". Europe-politique. 17 February 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2013.


  9. ^ "Parlement Européen 1989". Europe-politique. Retrieved 5 December 2013.


  10. ^ Marina Costa Loba; Pedro C. Magalhães (2004). "The Portuguese Socialists and the Third Way". In Giuliano Bonoli; Martin Powell. Social Democratic Party Policies in Contemporary Europe. Routledge. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-134-40891-7.


  11. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20080626005144/http://elezionistorico.interno.it/area.php?tp=C&dt=18%2F04%2F1948. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2008. Missing or empty |title= (help)


  12. ^ "Ministero dell'Interno. Archivio Storico delle Elezioni". Elezionistorico. Retrieved 5 December 2013.




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