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Marshal of the Empire Louis Gabriel Suchet
Born	2 March 1770 (1770-03-02) Lyon, France
Died	3 January 1826 (1826-01-04) (aged 55) near Marseilles, France
Allegiance	France
Service/branch	French Army
Years of service	1792–1815
Rank	Marshal of the Empire
Battles/wars	.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px} War of the First Coalition Siege of Toulon (1793) Battle of Loano (1795) Second Battle of Dego (1796) Battle of Lodi (1796) Battle of Borghetto (1796) Battle of Castiglione (1796) Battle of Bassano (1796) Battle of Arcole (1796) Battle of Rivoli (1797) Battle of Tarvis (1797) War of the Second Coalition Battle of Novi (1799) Battle of Pozzolo (1800) War of the Third Coalition Battle of Ulm (1805) Battle of Schöngrabern (1805) Battle of Austerlitz (1805) War of the Fourth Coalition Battle of Saalfeld (1806) Battle of Jena-Auerstedt (1806) Battle of Pułtusk (1806) Battle of Ostrołęka (1807) Battle of Eylau (1807) Peninsular War Siege of Saragossa (1809) Battle of Alcañiz (1809) Battle of María (1809) Battle of Belchite (1809) Siege of Lérida (1810) Siege of Mequinenza (1810) Siege of Tortosa (1810–11) Siege of Tarragona (1811) Battle of Montserrat (1811) Battle of Saguntum (1811) Siege of Valencia (1812) Battle of Castalla (1813) Siege of Tarragona (1813) Battle of Ordal (1813) War of the Seventh Coalition
Awards	Marshal of France
Other work	Author

Louis-Gabriel Suchet (2 March 1770 – 3 January 1826), Duke of Albufera (French: Duc d'Albuféra), was a French Marshal of the Empire and one of the most successful commanders of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

Life

Guérin's portrait of Marshal Suchet

Suchet's grave in Paris’s Père Lachaise Cemetery

Suchet was born to a silk manufacturer in Lyon. He originally intended to follow his father's business but, serving as a volunteer in the cavalry of the National Guard at Lyon, he displayed abilities which secured rapid military promotions.^[1]

In 1793, he was serving as a battalion chief (chef de bataillon) when he captured the British general Charles O'Hara at Toulon. During the 1796 Italian campaign, he was severely wounded at Cerea on 11 October. In October 1797, he was promoted to command of a half-brigade (demi-brigade).^[1]

In May 1797, Suchet was one of three lieutenant colonels of the 18th Infantry Demi-brigade, with little hope of advancement. He was sent to Venice to procure uniforms for the troops. Since the Venetians believed that they might in future be ruled by the French, Suchet and an aide were treated like royalty. For two months, they enjoyed living in a palace, having a personal gondola and holding reserved seats at the opera. On 28 October 1797, 150 officers of André Masséna's division hosted a large dinner. The colonel of the 32nd Line, Dominique Martin Dupuy brought Suchet to Napoleon Bonaparte's table and said, "Well general, when will you make our friend Suchet a colonel?" Bonaparte tried to brush him off with the reply, "Soon: we will see about it." Thereupon Dupuy took off one of his epaulettes and placed it on Suchet's shoulder, saying, "By my almightiness, I make thee colonel." This clownish action was successful; Bonaparte immediately directed Louis-Alexandre Berthier to write out Suchet's nomination for advancement.^[2]

His services in the Tyrol under Joubert that year and in Switzerland under Brune over the next were recognized by his promotion to the rank of brigadier general (général de brigade). He took no part in the Egyptian campaign but was made Brune's chief of staff in August and restored the efficiency and discipline of the army in Italy. In July 1799, he was promoted to division general (général de division) and made Joubert's chief of staff in Italy. In 1800, he was named second-in-command to Masséna. His dexterous resistance to the superior forces of the Austrians with the left wing of Masséna's army, when the right and centre were shut up in Genoa, not only prevented the invasion of France from this direction but contributed to the success of Napoleon's crossing the Alps, which culminated in the battle of Marengo on 14 June. He took a prominent part in the rest of the Italian campaign up to the armistice of Treviso.^[1]

In the campaigns of 1805 and 1806, he greatly enhanced his reputation at the Battles of Austerlitz, Saalfeld, Jena, Pułtusk, and Ostrolenka, in the last of which he commanded an infantry division. He obtained the title of count on 19 March 1808. Ordered to Spain, he took part in the Siege of Saragossa, after which he was named commander of the army of Aragon and governor of that region. Within two years, he brought the area into complete submission by wise and adroit administration no less than by his brilliant valor. Beaten by the Spanish at Alcañiz, he sprung back and soundly defeated the army of Blake y Joyes at María on 14 June 1809. On 22 April 1810, he defeated O'Donnell at Lleida. After the siege of Tarragona, he was named marshal of France on 8 July 1811. In 1812, he captured Valencia,^[1] for which he was rewarded with the dukedom of Albufera nearby, on 24 January.^[3] When the tide turned against France, Suchet defended his conquests one by one until compelled to withdraw from Spain, after which he took part in Soult's defensive campaign of 1814.^[1]

The restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII made him a peer of France on 4 June with a seat in the upper house, but this was forfeited (effective 24 July 1815) by his support of Napoleon's return during the Hundred Days. During Napoleon's brief restoration, Suchet was given command of an army on the Alpine frontier.^[1]

He died in the Castle of Saint-Joseph^[4] near Marseille on 3 January 1826.^[1]

Legacy

His memoirs (Mémoires sur Ses Campagnes en Espayne) was published in two volumes from 1829 to '34.^[1]

The chicken dish poularde à la d'Albuféra is named after him.

Family

He married Honorine Anthoine de Saint-Joseph (Marseille, 26 February 1790 – Paris, 13 April 1884), a niece of Julie Clary, the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, on 16 November 1808. They had three children:

• Louise-Honorine (1811 – 1885)


• Louis-Napoleon (1813 – 1877)


• Anne-Marie (1820 – 1835)

See also

• Napoleonic Wars


• List of French generals of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars


• French cuisine


• Asensio Nebot

Notes

References

• 
  Phipps, Ramsay Weston (2011) [1935]. The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Army of Italy (1796-1797), Paris and the Army of the Interior (1792-1797), The Coup d'Etat of Fructidor (September 1797). 4. Pickle Partners Publishing. ISBN 978-1-908692-27-6..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
  


• 
  Suchet (1829), Memoirs of the War in Spain, from 1808 to 1814, 2, London: Henry Colburn, p. 439
  

Attribution:

• 
   This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Suchet, Louis Gabriel" , Encyclopædia Britannica, 26 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 7
  

Further reading

• 
   "Louis Gabriel Suchet, Duc d'Albufera" , Encyclopædia Britannica, 22 (9th ed.), 1887, p. 617
  


• 
  Suchet, Louis-Gabriel (1829–34), St. Cyr-Nogues, ed., Mémoires (in French)
  


• 
  Suchet, Louis-Gabriel (2007), Kautz, Pete, ed., Memoirs of the War in Spain, London: Henry Colburn, ISBN 1-85818-477-0