Egftnjytyk

Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar. They include the smallest primate in the world, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 grams (1.1 oz), and range up to the size of the indri, which can weigh as much as 9.5 kilograms (21 lb). However, recently extinct species grew much larger. As of 2010, five families, 15 genera, and 101 species and subspecies of lemur were formally recognized.^[1] Of the 101 species and subspecies, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classified eight as Critically Endangered, 18 as Endangered, 15 as Vulnerable, four as Near Threatened, eight as Least Concern and 41 as Data Deficient; seven were yet to be evaluated.^[2] From 2000 through 2008, 39 new species were described and nine other taxa resurrected.^[3] By 2014, the number of species and subspecies recognized had increased to 113; of these, the IUCN classified 24 as Critically Endangered, 49 as Endangered, 20 as Vulnerable, three as Near Threatened, three as Least Concern and four as Data Deficient; two were yet to be evaluated.

The number of lemur species is likely to continue growing in the coming years, as field studies, cytogenetic and molecular genetic research continues.^[3] There is not complete agreement over the latest revisions to lemur taxonomy, with some experts preferring an estimated 50 lemur species.^[4] The debates are likely to continue, as some scholars label the explosive growth of species numbers as taxonomic inflation. In many cases, classifications will ultimately depend upon which species concept is used.^[5] In the case of the lemurs of Madagascar, which have suffered extensively from deforestation and habitat fragmentation, nearly 25% of all species are either Endangered or Critically Endangered, most have yet to be extensively studied, and nearly all populations are in decline. For these reasons, taxonomists and conservationists favor splitting them into separate species to develop an effective strategy for the conservation of the full range of lemur diversity.^[3] Implicitly, this means that full species status will help grant genetically distinct populations added environmental protection.

At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.^[6][7] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.^[6] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.^[6] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.^[6]

There is strong evidence of extensive declines in extant populations since the introductions of humans, particularly among the larger and more specialized lemurs.^[6] As long as habitats continue to shrink, degrade and fragment, extinctions are likely to continue.

Taxonomic classification

Lemurs are classified under eight families, three of which are extinct:

• Family: †Archaeolemuridae : monkey lemurs
  
  
  
  • Genus: †Archaeolemur (2 extinct species)
  
  
  • Genus: †Hadropithecus (1 extinct species)
  
  
  
  


• Family: Cheirogaleidae
  
  
  
  • Genus: Allocebus: hairy-eared dwarf lemur (1 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Cheirogaleus: dwarf lemurs (8 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Microcebus: mouse lemurs (24 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Mirza: giant mouse lemurs (2 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Phaner: fork-marked lemurs (4 extant species)
  
  
  
  


• Family: Daubentoniidae: aye-aye
  
  • Genus: Daubentonia (1 extant species, 1 extinct species)
  
  


• Family: Indriidae
  
  
  
  • Genus: Avahi: woolly lemurs (9 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Indri: indri (1 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Propithecus: sifakas (9 extant species)
  
  
  
  


• Family: Lemuridae
  
  
  
  • Genus: Eulemur: true lemurs (12 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Hapalemur: bamboo lemurs (5 extant species, 3 extant subspecies)
  
  
  • Genus: Lemur: ring-tailed lemur (1 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: †Pachylemur (2 extinct species)
  
  
  • Genus: Prolemur: greater bamboo lemur (1 extant species)
  
  
  • Genus: Varecia: ruffed lemurs (2 extant species, 3 extant subspecies)
  
  
  
  


• Family: Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs
  
  • Genus: Lepilemur (26 extant species)
  
  


• Family: †Megaladapidae: koala lemurs
  
  • Genus: †Megaladapis (3 extinct species)
  
  


• Family: †Palaeopropithecidae: sloth lemurs
  
  
  
  • Genus: †Archaeoindris (1 extinct species)
  
  
  • Genus: †Babakotia (1 extinct species)
  
  
  • Genus: †Mesopropithecus (3 extinct species)
  
  
  • Genus: †Palaeopropithecus (3 extinct species)
  
  
  
  

The placement of lemurs within the order Strepsirrhini is currently under debate, although both sides agree upon the same phylogenetic tree.^[8]

• Order Primates
  
  
  
  • Suborder Strepsirrhini: lemurs, galagos, and lorisids
    
    • Infraorder Lemuriformes
      
      
      
      • 
        Superfamily Lemuroidea
        
        
        
        • Family †Archaeolemuridae
          
        
        
        • Family Cheirogaleidae
          
        
        
        • Family Daubentoniidae
          
        
        
        • Family Indriidae
          
        
        
        • Family Lemuridae
          
        
        
        • Family Lepilemuridae
          
        
        
        • Family †Megaladapidae
          
        
        
        • Family †Palaeopropithecidae
          
        
        
        
        
      
      
      • Superfamily Lorisoidea
      
      
      
      
    
    
  
  
  • Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
  
  
  
  

Key

Scientific name	Latin binomial name, or Latin name, of the species
Common name	Common name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005) or Mittermeier, et al. "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar" (2008)	Family	Family within the Suborder Strepsirrhini to which the species belongs
Classified	Date in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
Average size	Average size of adult members of the species, in metric and English weight units
Estimated size	Estimated Average size of adult members of the extinct species
Conservation status	Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008

Extant species

All lemurs belong to the suborder Strepsirrhini within the order Primates. The 101 extant species and subspecies are divided among 5 families and 15 genera. They range in weight from 30 g (1.1 oz) (Madame Berthe's mouse lemur) to as much as 9.5 kg (21 lb) (indri). Most are highly arboreal and activity patterns range widely from nocturnal to diurnal to cathemeral. Having diversified over millions of years to fill every ecological niche, diets also vary widely, though fruit, leaves, and insects make up the majority of the diet for most species.

Family: Cheirogaleidae

Family Cheirogaleidae consists of the mouse lemurs (smallest of all primates), the dwarf lemurs, and the fork-marked lemurs and their allies. There are 37 extant species.

Scientific name	Common name	Classified	Average size	Conservation status	References
Allocebus trichotis	Hairy-eared dwarf lemur	1875, Günther	65–90 g (2.3–3.2 oz)	Vulnerable	[3][9][10][11]
Cheirogaleus crossleyi	Furry-eared dwarf lemur	1870, A. Grandidier	250–500 g (8.8–17.6 oz)[d]	Data Deficient	[3][12][13][14][15]
Cheirogaleus lavasoensis	Lavasoa dwarf lemur	2013, Thiele et al.	300 g (11 oz)	Not Evaluated	[16]
Cheirogaleus major	Greater dwarf lemur	1812, É. Geoffroy	350–400 g (12–14 oz)	Data Deficient	[3][17][18][19]
Cheirogaleus medius	Fat-tailed dwarf lemur	1812, É. Geoffroy	120–270 g (4.2–9.5 oz)	Least Concern	[3][20][21][22]
Cheirogaleus minusculus	Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur	2000, Groves	unknown	Data Deficient	[3][23][24][25]
Cheirogaleus sibreei	Sibree's dwarf lemur	1896, Forsyth Major	unknown	Critically Endangered	[3][26][27][28]
Microcebus arnholdi	Arnhold's mouse lemur	2008, E. Lewis, Jr. et al.	49.7 g (1.75 oz)	Endangered	[29]
Microcebus berthae	Madame Berthe's mouse lemur	2000, Rasoloarison et al.	30 g (1.1 oz)	Endangered	[3][30][31][32]
Microcebus bongolavensis	Bongolava mouse lemur	2007, Olivieri et al.	54 g (1.9 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][33][34]
Microcebus boraha	Boraha mouse lemur	2016, Hotaling et al.			[35]
Microcebus danfossi	Danfoss' mouse lemur	2007, Olivieri et al.	63 g (2.2 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][36][37]
Microcebus ganzhorni	Ganzhorn's mouse lemur	2016, Hotaling et al.			[35]
Microcebus gerpi	Gerp's mouse lemur	2012, Radespiel et al.	68 g (2.4 oz)[d]	Critically Endangered	[38]
Microcebus griseorufus	Reddish-gray mouse lemur	1910, Kollman	46–79 g (1.6–2.8 oz)	Least Concern	[3][39][40][41]
Microcebus jollyae	Jolly's mouse lemur	2006, Louis et al.	60 g (2.1 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][42]
Microcebus lehilahytsara	Goodman's mouse lemur	2005, Roos and Kappeler	45–48 g (1.6–1.7 oz)	Vulnerable	[3][43][44]
Microcebus macarthurii	MacArthur's mouse lemur	2008, Radespiel et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3]
Microcebus manitatra	Manitatra mouse lemur	2016, Hotaling et al.			[35]
Microcebus marohita	Marohita mouse lemur	2013, Rasoloarison et al.	89 g (3.1 oz)[d]	Critically Endangered	[45]
Microcebus mamiratra	Claire's mouse lemur	2006, Andriantompohavana et al.	61 g (2.2 oz)[d]	Critically Endangered	[3][46][47]
Microcebus margotmarshae	Margot Marsh's mouse lemur	2006, Andriantompohavana et al.	41 g (1.4 oz)	Endangered	[29]
Microcebus mittermeieri	Mittermeier's mouse lemur	2006, Louis et al.	40 g (1.4 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][48]
Microcebus murinus	Gray mouse lemur	1777, Miller	60 g (2.1 oz)	Least Concern	[3][49][50][51]
Microcebus myoxinus	Pygmy mouse lemur	1852, Peters	43–55 g (1.5–1.9 oz)	Vulnerable	[3][52][53][54]
Microcebus ravelobensis	Golden-brown mouse lemur	1998, Zimmerman et al.	56–87 g (2.0–3.1 oz)	Endangered	[3][55][56][57]
Microcebus rufus	Brown mouse lemur	1834, É. Geoffroy	40–50 g (1.4–1.8 oz)	Vulnerable	[3][58][59][60]
Microcebus sambiranensis	Sambirano mouse lemur	2000, Rasoloarison et al.	38–50 g (1.3–1.8 oz)	Endangered	[3][61][62][63]
Microcebus simmonsi	Simmons' mouse lemur	2006, Louis et al.	78 g (2.8 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][64]
Microcebus tanosi	Anosy mouse lemur	2013, Rasoloarison et al.	unknown	Not Evaluated	[45]
Microcebus tavaratra	Northern rufous mouse lemur	2000, Rasoloarison et al.	45–77 g (1.6–2.7 oz)	Vulnerable	[3][65][66][67]
Mirza coquereli	Coquerel's giant mouse lemur	1867, A. Grandidier	300–320 g (11–11 oz)	Endangered	[3][68][69][70]
Mirza zaza	Northern giant mouse lemur	2005, Kappeler & Roos	287–299 g (10.1–10.5 oz)	Endangered	[3][71][72]
Phaner electromontis	Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur	1991, Groves and Tattersall	350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][73][74][75][76]
Phaner furcifer	Masoala fork-marked lemur	1839, Blainville	350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d]	Vulnerable	[3][73][77][78][79]
Phaner pallescens	Pale fork-marked lemur	1991, Groves and Tattersall	330 g (12 oz)	Endangered	[3][80][81][82]
Phaner parienti	Pariente's fork-marked lemur	1991, Groves and Tattersall	350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d]	Endangered	[3][73][74][83][84]

Family: Lemuridae

Family Lemuridae consists of the ring-tailed lemur, the brown lemurs, the bamboo lemurs and the ruffed lemurs. There are 21 extant species and six subspecies.

Scientific name	Common name	Classified	Average size	Conservation status	References
Eulemur albifrons	White-fronted brown lemur	1796, É. Geoffroy	2.2–2.6 kg (4.9–5.7 lb)	Endangered	[3][85][86][87]
Eulemur cinereiceps[b]	Gray-headed lemur	1890, Grandidier and Milne-Edwards	2–2.5 kg (4.4–5.5 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][88][89][90]
Eulemur collaris	Collared brown lemur	1812, É. Geoffroy	2.25–2.5 kg (5.0–5.5 lb)	Endangered	[3][91][92][93]
Eulemur coronatus	Crowned lemur	1842, Gray	1.1–1.3 kg (2.4–2.9 lb)	Endangered	[3][94][95][96]
Eulemur flavifrons	Blue-eyed black lemur	1867, Gray	1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][97][98]
Eulemur fulvus	Common brown lemur	1812, É. Geoffroy	2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb)	Near Threatened	[3][99][100][101]
Eulemur macaco	Black lemur	1766, Linnaeus	2–2.9 kg (4.4–6.4 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][102][103][104]
Eulemur mongoz	Mongoose lemur	1766, Linnaeus	1.1–1.6 kg (2.4–3.5 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][105][106][107]
Eulemur rubriventer	Red-bellied lemur	1850, I. Geoffroy	1.6–2.4 kg (3.5–5.3 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][108][109][110]
Eulemur rufifrons[a]	Red-fronted lemur	1833, Bennett	2.2–2.3 kg (4.9–5.1 lb)	Near Threatened	[3][111][112]
Eulemur rufus[a]	Red lemur	1799, Audebert	2.2–2.3 kg (4.9–5.1 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][113]
Eulemur sanfordi	Sanford's brown lemur	1932, Archbold	1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb)	Endangered	[3][114][115][116]
Hapalemur alaotrensis	Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur	1975, Rumpler	1.1–1.4 kg (2.4–3.1 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][117][118][119]
Hapalemur aureus	Golden bamboo lemur	1987, Meier et al.	1.3–1.7 kg (2.9–3.7 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][120][121][122]
Hapalemur griseus gilberti	Beanamalao bamboo lemur	2007, Rabarivola et al.	0.967 kg (2.13 lb)	Endangered	[123][124]
Hapalemur griseus griseus	Eastern lesser bamboo lemur	1795, Link	0.7–1 kg (1.5–2.2 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][125][126][127]
Hapalemur griseus ranomafanensis	Ranomafana bamboo lemur	2007, Rabarivola et al.	0.7–0.85 kg (1.5–1.9 lb)	Data Deficient	[128]
Hapalemur meridionalis	Southern lesser bamboo lemur	1987, Warter, et al.	0.75–1.05 kg (1.7–2.3 lb)[d]	Vulnerable	[3][129][130][131][132]
Hapalemur occidentalis	Western lesser bamboo lemur	1975, Rumpler	1 kg (2.2 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][133][134][135]
Lemur catta	Ring-tailed lemur	1756, Linnaeus	2.3–3.5 kg (5.1–7.7 lb)	Endangered	[3][136][137][138]
Prolemur simus	Greater bamboo lemur	1871, Gray	2.2–2.5 kg (4.9–5.5 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][139][140][141]
Varecia rubra	Red ruffed lemur	1812, É. Geoffroy	3.3–3.6 kg (7.3–7.9 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][142][143][144]
Varecia variegata editorum	Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur	1953, Osman Hill	3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][145][146][147]
Varecia variegata subcincta	White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur	1833, A. Smith	3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][148][149][150]
Varecia variegata variegata	Black-and-white ruffed lemur	1792, Kerr	3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][151][152][153]

Family: Lepilemuridae

Family Lepilemuridae consists solely of the sportive lemurs. As of 2014, there are 26 extant species.

Scientific name	Common name	Classified	Average size	Conservation status	References
Lepilemur aeeclis	Antafia sportive lemur	2006, Andriaholinirina et al.	0.765–0.97 kg (1.69–2.14 lb)[d]	Vulnerable	[3][154][155]
Lepilemur ahmansonorum	Ahmanson's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.61 kg (1.3 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][156][157]
Lepilemur ankaranensis	Ankarana sportive lemur	1975, Rumpler & Albignac	0.75 kg (1.7 lb)	Endangered	[3][158][159][160]
Lepilemur betsileo	Betsileo sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	1.15 kg (2.5 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][161][162]
Lepilemur dorsalis	Gray-backed sportive lemur	1870, Gray	0.5 kg (1.1 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][163][164][165]
Lepilemur edwardsi	Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur	1894, Forsyth Major	1 kg (2.2 lb)	Endangered	[3][166][167][168]
Lepilemur fleuretae	Fleurete's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.98 kg (2.2 lb)[d]	Critically Endangered	[3][169][170]
Lepilemur grewcockorum	Grewcock's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.78 kg (1.7 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][171][172]
Lepilemur hollandorum	Holland's sportive lemur	2009, Ramaromilanto et al.	0.99 kg (2.2 lb)[d]	Endangered	[173]
Lepilemur hubbardorum	Hubbard's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.99 kg (2.2 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][174][175]
Lepilemur jamesorum	James' sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.78 kg (1.7 lb)[d]	Critically Endangered	[3][176][177]
Lepilemur leucopus	White-footed sportive lemur	1894, Forsyth Major	0.6 kg (1.3 lb)	Endangered	[3][178][179][180]
Lepilemur microdon	Small-toothed sportive lemur	1894, Forsyth Major	0.8–1.0 kg (1.8–2.2 lb)	Endangered	[3][181][182][183]
Lepilemur milanoii	Daraina sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.72 kg (1.6 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][184][185]
Lepilemur mittermeieri	Mittermeier's sportive lemur	2006, Rabarivola et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3][186]
Lepilemur mustelinus	Weasel sportive lemur	1851, I. Geoffroy	1 kg (2.2 lb)	Near Threatened	[3][187][188][189]
Lepilemur otto	Otto's sportive lemur	2007, Craul et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3][190]
Lepilemur petteri	Petter's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.63 kg (1.4 lb)[d]	Vulnerable	[3][191][192]
Lepilemur randrianasoloi	Randrianasolo's sportive lemur	2006, Andriaholinirina et al.	0.66–0.88 kg (1.5–1.9 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][193][194]
Lepilemur ruficaudatus	Red-tailed sportive lemur	1867, A. Grandidier	0.76–0.95 kg (1.7–2.1 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][195][196][197]
Lepilemur sahamalazensis	Sahamalaza sportive lemur	2006, Andriaholinirina et al.	0.687–0.892 kg (1.51–1.97 lb)[d]	Critically Endangered	[3][198][199]
Lepilemur scottorum	Scott's sportive lemur	2008, Lei et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3]
Lepilemur seali	Seal's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.95 kg (2.1 lb)[d]	Vulnerable	[3][200][201]
Lepilemur septentrionalis	Northern sportive lemur	1975, Rumpler & Albignac	0.75 kg (1.7 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][202][203][204]
Lepilemur tymerlachsoni	Hawks' sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.88 kg (1.9 lb)[d]	Critically Endangered	[3][205][206]
Lepilemur wrightae	Wright's sportive lemur	2006, Louis, Jr. et al.	0.95 kg (2.1 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][207][208]

Family: Indriidae

Family Indriidae consists of the indri (the largest extant lemur), the woolly lemurs and the sifakas. There are 19 extant species.

Scientific name	Common name	Classified	Average size	Conservation status	References
Avahi betsileo	Betsileo woolly lemur	2007, Andriantompohavana et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3][209]
Avahi cleesei	Cleese's woolly lemur	2005, Thalmann and Geissmann	0.83 kg (1.8 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][210][211]
Avahi laniger	Eastern woolly lemur	1788, Gmelin	0.9–1.3 kg (2.0–2.9 lb)	Vulnerable	[3][212][213][214]
Avahi meridionalis	Southern woolly lemur	2006, Zaramody et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3][215]
Avahi mooreorum	Moore's woolly lemur	2008, Lei et al.	unknown	Endangered	[3]
Avahi occidentalis	Western woolly lemur	1898, von Lorenz-Liburnau	0.7–0.9 kg (1.5–2.0 lb)	Endangered	[3][216][217][218]
Avahi peyrierasi	Peyrieras' woolly lemur	2006, Zaramody et al.	unknown	Vulnerable	[3][219]
Avahi ramanantsoavani	Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur	2006, Zaramody et al.	unknown	Vulnerable	[3][220]
Avahi unicolor	Sambirano woolly lemur	2000, Thalmann and Geissmann	0.7–1 kg (1.5–2.2 lb)[d]	Endangered	[3][221][222][223][224]
Indri indri	Indri	1788, Gmelin	6–9.5 kg (13–21 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][225][226][227]
Propithecus candidus	Silky sifaka	1871, A. Grandidier	5–6 kg (11–13 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][228][229][230]
Propithecus coquereli	Coquerel's sifaka	1867, A. Grandidier	3.7–4.3 kg (8.2–9.5 lb)	Endangered	[3][231][232][233]
Propithecus coronatus	Crowned sifaka	1871, Milne-Edwards	3.5–4.3 kg (7.7–9.5 lb)	Endangered	[3][234][235][236]
Propithecus deckenii	Von der Decken's sifaka	1870, A. Grandidier	3–4.5 kg (6.6–9.9 lb)	Endangered	[3][237][238][239]
Propithecus diadema	Diademed sifaka	1832, Bennett	6–8.5 kg (13–19 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][240][241][242]
Propithecus edwardsi	Milne-Edwards' sifaka	1871, A. Grandidier	5–6.5 kg (11–14 lb)	Endangered	[3][243][244][245]
Propithecus perrieri	Perrier's sifaka	1931, Lavauden	4.3–5 kg (9.5–11.0 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][246][247][248]
Propithecus tattersalli	Golden-crowned sifaka	1988, Simons	3.4–3.6 kg (7.5–7.9 lb)	Critically Endangered	[3][249][250][251]
Propithecus verreauxi	Verreaux's sifaka	1867, A. Grandidier	3–3.5 kg (6.6–7.7 lb)	Endangered	[3][252][253][254]

Family: Daubentoniidae

Family Daubentoniidae contains only one surviving species, of the aye-aye. Wide-ranging genetic studies have shown that it separated from the ancestral lemurs long before any other branch of the modern Lemuriformes.^[3]

Scientific name	Common name	Classified	Average size	Conservation status	References
Daubentonia madagascariensis	Aye-aye	1788, Gmelin	2.5 kg (5.5 lb)	Endangered	[3][255][256][257]

Unconfirmed species

Reports of new species continue to trickle in from the field. However, these reports require further scientific evaluation before their claims can be verified.

Extinct species

All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.^[258] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.

Scientific name	Common name	Family	Estimated size	Extinction date	References
Archaeoindris fontoynonti	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	160–200 kg (350–440 lb)	350 BCE	[259][260][261]
Archaeolemur edwardsi	Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs)	Archaeolemuridae	15–25 kg (33–55 lb)	1047–1280 CE	[262][263]
Archaeolemur majori	Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs)	Archaeolemuridae	15–25 kg (33–55 lb)	1047–1280 CE	[262][263]
Babakotia radofilai	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	16–20 kg (35–44 lb)	3050 BCE[c]	[259][260]
Daubentonia robusta	Giant aye-aye	Daubentoniidae	14 kg (31 lb)	891–1027 CE	[264][265]
Hadropithecus stenognathus	Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs)	Archaeolemuridae	27–35 kg (60–77 lb)	444–772 CE	[262][263]
Megaladapis edwardsi	Koala lemurs	Megaladapidae	40–80 kg (88–176 lb)	1280–1420 CE	[266][267]
Megaladapis grandidieri	Koala lemurs	Megaladapidae	40–80 kg (88–176 lb)	1280–1420 CE	[266][267]
Megaladapis madagascariensis	Koala lemurs	Megaladapidae	40–80 kg (88–176 lb)	1280–1420 CE	[266][267]
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	10–14 kg (22–31 lb)	245–429 CE	[259][260]
Mesopropithecus globiceps	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	10–14 kg (22–31 lb)	245–429 CE	[259][260]
Mesopropithecus pithecoides	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	10–14 kg (22–31 lb)	245–429 CE	[259][260]
Pachylemur insignis	Pachylemur	Lemuridae	11.5 kg (25 lb)	680–960 BCE	[268]
Pachylemur jullyi	Pachylemur	Lemuridae	13 kg (29 lb)	Holocene	[268]
Palaeopropithecus ingens	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	25–50 kg (55–110 lb)	1300–1620 CE	[259][260]
Palaeopropithecus kelyus	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	35 kg (77 lb)	Late Quaternary	[7]
Palaeopropithecus maximus	Sloth lemurs	Palaeopropithecidae	25–50 kg (55–110 lb)	1300–1620 CE	[259][260]

See also

• List of mammals of Madagascar


• List of primates

Footnotes

• 
  ^a In 2008, the red lemur, Eulemur rufus, was split into two species, Eulemur rufus (red lemur) and Eulemur rufifrons (red-fronted lemur). Also, Eulemur rufus was previously known as the red-fronted lemur, but was renamed the red lemur, while Eulemur rufifrons assumed its former name.^[3]
  


• 
  ^b Formerly referred to as Eulemur albocollaris or white-collared brown lemur, but was changed in 2008.^[3]
  


• 
  ^c This extinction date for Babakotia radofilai is based on a single radiocarbon date from one specimen. For this reason, it is hard to tell when this species became extinct or how it is related to other lemur species.^[259]
  


• 
  ^d Average weights reported for this species are based on very small sample sizes or are general ranges for its genus and thus require further research.

Notes

References

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External links

• 
  Too Many New Lemur Species? – Interview with Anne Yoder, Director of the Duke Lemur Center