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World Rugby Sevens Series

Current season, competition or edition: 2017–18 World Rugby Sevens Series
Sport	Rugby union
Founded	1999
No. of teams	24
Countries	Worldwide
Most recent champion(s)	South Africa (2017–18)
Most titles	New Zealand (12 titles)

The World Rugby Sevens Series is an annual series of international rugby sevens tournaments run by World Rugby featuring national sevens teams. The series, organised for the first time in the 1999–2000 season, was formed to develop an elite-level competition series between rugby nations and develop the sevens game into a viable commercial product for World Rugby. The competition was originally known as the IRB World Sevens Series,^[1] but has been known officially as the HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series since 2014 due to sponsorship from banking group HSBC.^[2]

The season's circuit consists of 10 tournaments that generally begin in November or December and last until May. The venues are held across 10 countries, and visits five of the six populated continents. The United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore, France and England each host one event. Each tournament has 16 teams — 15 core teams that participate in each tournament and one regional qualifier.

Teams compete for the World Series title by accumulating points based on their finishing position in each tournament. The lowest placed core team at the end of the season is dropped, and replaced by the winner of the Hong Kong Sevens. New Zealand had originally dominated the Series, winning each of the first six seasons from 1999–2000 to 2004–05, but since then, Fiji, South Africa and Samoa have each won season titles. England and Australia have placed in the top three on multiple occasions, but neither has won the series. The International Olympic Committee's decision in 2009 to add rugby sevens to the Summer Olympics beginning in 2016 has added a boost to rugby sevens and to the World Sevens Series; this boost has led to increased exposure and revenues, leading several of the core teams to field fully professional squads.

History

International sevens

The first international rugby sevens tournament was held in 1973 in Scotland, which was celebrating a century of the Scottish Rugby Union.^[3] Seven international teams took part, with England defeating Ireland 22–18 in the final to take the trophy. The Hong Kong Sevens annual tournament began in 1976.^[4] Over the next two decades the number of international sevens competitions increased. The most notable was the Rugby World Cup Sevens with Scotland hosting the inaugural event in 1993,^[5] along with rugby joining the Commonwealth Games program in 1998.

World Series early years

Former series logos: 1999 (top); pre–2010 (bottom).

The first season of the World Sevens Series was the 1999–2000 season. At the Series launch, the chairman of the International Rugby Board, Vernon Pugh, described the IRB's vision of the role of this new competition: "this competition has set in place another important element in the IRB’s drive to establish rugby as a truly global sport, one with widespread visibility and steadily improving standards of athletic excellence."^[6] New Zealand and Fiji dominated the first series, meeting in the final in eight of the ten season tournaments, and New Zealand narrowly won, overtaking Fiji by winning the last tournament of the series.^[7]

New Zealand won the first six seasons in a row from 1999–2000 to 2004–05,^[8] led by players such as Karl Te Nana and Amasio Valence. The number of stops in the series varied over the seasons, but experienced a contraction from 11 tournaments in 2001–02 to 7 tournaments in 2002–03 due to the global recession. In the 2005–06 season Fiji clinched the season trophy on the last tournament of the season finishing ahead of England.^[9] New Zealand regained the trophy in 2006–07 season in the last tournament of the season.^[10]

South Africa was the next team to win the series after taking home the 2008–09 title.^[11] In the 2009–10 season, Samoa who finished seventh the previous year shocked the world — led by 2010 top try-scorer and World Rugby Sevens Player of the Year Mikaele Pesamino — by winning four of the last five tournaments to overtake New Zealand and win the series.^[12]

Olympic era and professionalism

The 2011–12 season was the last to have 12 core teams as the 2011–12 series expanded to 15 teams that had core status. Qualification for these places was played out at the 2012 Hong Kong Sevens. Canada (returning to core status for the first time since 2008),^[13]Spain and Portugal joined the 12 core teams for the next season. The Japan event also made a return for the first time since 2001 (lasting until 2015). New Zealand continued their dominance by finishing on top.

Argentina was originally planned to begin hosting a tenth event with Mar Del Plata the venue in the 2012–13 season, giving the tour an event on each continent, but when Argentina joined the Rugby Championship those plans were shelved.^[14][15] With the same schedule, New Zealand again were the winners over South Africa. They took it again in 2013–14 with Spain the first team to be relegated after finishing last during that season with Japan replacing them.^[16]

Heading into the 2014–15 season, the top four teams qualifying to the 2016 Summer Olympics, with Fiji, South Africa, New Zealand and Great Britain all qualifying through.^[17] The 2014–15 season and 2015–16 season were won by Fiji — the first time a team other than New Zealand won back-to-back season titles — led by 2015 and 2016 season Dream Team nominee Osea Kolinisau The two seasons also yielded teams winning their first tournaments — the United States won the 2015 London Sevens to finish the season in sixth overall;^[18] Kenya won the 2016 Singapore Sevens, and Scotland won the 2016 London Sevens.^[19][20] Prior to the 2015–16 season World Rugby did a comprehensive review of all nine tournament hosts and adjusted the schedule, dropping two sites (Japan and Scotland), and adding three sites (France, Singapore and Canada) to the calendar.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2016–17 series, a dominant and consistent display by South Africa saw them reach the finals of the 2016–17 series rounds on eight occasions, winning five of these. As a result, South Africa were series champions with victory in the penultimate round in Paris. The season was a qualifier for the 2018 with the top four teams that hadn't already qualified, coming from this season.^[21] The teams that made it through to the World Cup via this method were Canada, Argentina, Scotland and Samoa.^[22]

Tournament hosts

For a list of previous hosts, see World Rugby Sevens Series hosts

Event	Venue	City	Joined 7s Series	Tourney began	Scheduled	Ref
United Arab Emirates	The Sevens	Dubai	1999–2000	1999	December
South Africa	Cape Town Stadium	Cape Town	2004–05	1999	December	[23]
New Zealand	Waikato Stadium	Hamilton	1999–2000	2000	Jan / Feb
Australia	Spotless Stadium	Sydney	1999–2000	1986*	Jan / Feb	[24]
USA	Sam Boyd Stadium	Las Vegas	2004–05	2004	March	[25]
Canada	BC Place	Vancouver	2015–16	2016	March	[26]
Hong Kong	Hong Kong Stadium	Hong Kong	1999–2000	1976	April	[27]
Singapore	National Stadium	Singapore	2015–16	2002	April	[28]
England	Twickenham	London	2000–01	2001	May
France	Stade Jean-Bouin	Paris	2015–16	1996	June	[29]

The World Series has consisted of 10 tournament stops since the 2015–16 season.

Most of these tournaments began after they were added to the World Series, but with certain exceptions. The oldest running of these tournaments is the Hong Kong Sevens, which dates back to 1976.^[30] Other tournaments that pre-date the Series include the Australia Sevens (which ran from 1986 to 1989 and was then disbanded, until it returned in the 1999–2000 season as a leg on the Series) and the France Sevens which began in 1996.

Core teams, promotion and relegation

Core teams

A group of 15 "core teams" is announced for each season, based on performances in the previous season, and each core team has a guaranteed place in all of that season's events. The core teams have been selected through a designated promotion/relegation process since the 2012–13 season. The core teams for the 2018–19 season are:

2018–19 Core Teams

2017–18 finish	Team	Core since	Best Series Finish (Last)
1	South Africa	1999–2000	1st (2017–18)
2	Fiji	1999–2000	1st (2015–16)
3	New Zealand	1999–2000	1st (2013–14)
4	Australia	1999–2000	2nd (2000–01)
5	England	1999–2000	2nd (2016–17)
6	United States	2008–09	5th (2016–17)
7	Argentina	1999–2000	3rd (2003–04)
8	Kenya	2002–03	5th (2012–13)
9	Canada	2012–13	6th (2013–14)
10	Samoa	1999–2000	1st (2009–10)
11	Spain	2017–18	7001110000000000000♠11th (2017–18)
12	Scotland	1999–2000	7000700000000000000♠7th (2016–17)
13	France	1999–2000	7000700000000000000♠7th (2005–06)
14	Wales	2006–07	6th (2006–07)
P*	Japan	2018–19

• Japan has been promoted for the 2018–19 season, replacing Russia who were relegated.

Former core teams

Team	Last season as core team	Best Series finish (Last)
Portugal	2015–16	14th (2014–15)
Russia	2017–18	14th (2016–17)

Through the 2011–12 series, the number of core teams was 12,^[31] but the number of core teams was expanded to 15 for 2012–13.^[32] The three extra teams were determined by a 12-team qualifying tournament held as part of the 2012 Hong Kong Sevens.^[33]
The increase in the number of core teams did not directly lead to an increase in the size of the existing tournaments.

Promotion and relegation

The following promotion/relegation process has been effective since the 2013–14 series:^[16]

• One team is relegated and one team is promoted each year.


• The core team that finishes bottom of the table at the end of the season series is relegated.


• The team that wins the 12-team qualifying tournament at the Hong Kong Sevens is promoted.

Other qualifying

The World Series results are sometimes used as a qualifier for other tournaments. For example, the top four teams of the 2014–15 series automatically qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics.^{[citation needed]} Similarly, certain teams from the 2016–17 series qualified for the 2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens.

Historical results

Results by season

Season	Rds	Champion	Second	Third	Fourth	Fifth	Sixth
1999–00	10	New Zealand (186)	Fiji	Australia	Samoa	South Africa	Canada
2000–01	9	New Zealand (162)	Australia	Fiji	Samoa	South Africa	Argentina
2001–02	11	New Zealand (198)	South Africa	England	Fiji	Australia	Samoa
2002–03	7	New Zealand (112)	England	Fiji	South Africa	Australia	Samoa
2003–04	8	New Zealand (128)	England	Argentina	Fiji	South Africa	Samoa
2004–05	7	New Zealand (116)	Fiji	England	South Africa	Argentina	Australia
2005–06	8	Fiji (144)	England	South Africa	New Zealand	Samoa	Argentina
2006–07	8	New Zealand (130)	Fiji	Samoa	South Africa	England	Wales
2007–08	8	New Zealand (154)	South Africa	Samoa	Fiji	England	Argentina
2008–09	8	South Africa (132)	Fiji	England	New Zealand	Argentina	Kenya
2009–10	8	Samoa (164)	New Zealand	Australia	Fiji	England	South Africa
2010–11	8	New Zealand (166)	South Africa	England	Fiji	Samoa	Australia
2011–12	9	New Zealand (167)	Fiji	England	Samoa	South Africa	Australia
2012–13	9	New Zealand (173)	South Africa	Fiji	Samoa	Kenya	England
2013–14	9	New Zealand (180)	South Africa	Fiji	England	Australia	Canada
2014–15	9	Fiji (164)	South Africa	New Zealand	England	Australia	United States
2015–16	10	Fiji (181)	South Africa	New Zealand	Australia	Argentina	United States
2016–17	10	South Africa (192)	England	Fiji	New Zealand	United States	Australia
2017–18	10	South Africa (182)	Fiji	New Zealand	Australia	England	United States

Team records

Updated after the 2017–18 season:

Team	Champions	Runners-up	Third	Fourth	Top-3 Apps	Top-6 Apps
New Zealand	12	1	3	3	16	19
South Africa	3	7	1	3	11	19
Fiji	3	5	6	5	14	19
Samoa	1	–	2	4	3	12
England	–	4	5	2	9	16
Australia	–	1	2	1	3	13
Argentina	–	–	1	–	1	7
United States	–	–	–	–	–	4
Canada	–	–	–	–	–	2
Kenya	–	–	–	–	–	2
Wales	–	–	–	–	–	1

Format

Rugby sevens is a fast-paced version of rugby union with seven players each side on a full-sized rugby field. Games are much shorter, lasting generally seven minutes each half. The game is quicker and faster-scoring than 15-a-side rugby, which explains part of its appeal. It also gives players the space for superb feats of individual skill. Sevens is traditionally played in a two-day tournament format. Currently, in a normal event, 16 teams are entered.

World Rugby operates satellite tournaments in each continent alongside the Sevens World Series which serve as qualifiers for Series events;^[13] in 2012–13 they also determined the entrants in the World Series Pre-Qualifier,^[34] and from 2013–14 determine the entrants in the Core Team Qualifier.^[16]

In each tournament, the teams are divided into pools of four teams, who play a round-robin within the pool. Points are awarded in each pool on a different schedule from most rugby tournaments—3 for a win, 2 for a draw, 1 for a loss, 0 for a no-show. In case teams are tied after pool play, the tiebreakers are:^[35]

1. Head-to-head result between the tied teams.


2. Difference in points scored and allowed during pool play.


3. Difference in tries scored and allowed during pool play.


4. Points scored during pool play.


5. Coin toss.

As of the 2009–10 series, four trophies are awarded in each tournament. In descending order of prestige, they are the Cup, whose winner is the overall tournament champion, Plate, Bowl and Shield. Each trophy is awarded at the end of a knockout tournament.

In a normal event, the top two teams in each pool advance to the Cup competition. The four quarterfinal losers drop into the bracket for the Plate. The Bowl is contested by the third and fourth-place finishers in each pool, while the Shield is contested by the losing quarterfinalists of the Bowl.

A third-place match is now conducted between the losing Cup semifinalists in all tournaments; this was introduced for the 2011–12 series.^[36]

In 2012–13, the season-ending London Sevens expanded to 20 teams, with 12 competing for series points and eight involved in the Core Team Qualifier.^[34] With the promotion place now determined at the Hong Kong Sevens, the London Sevens returned to the traditional 16-team format in 2013–14.

Hong Kong 7s

The Hong Kong Sevens (an anomaly as a three-day event) is the most famous sevens tournament.
The Hong Kong Sevens had 24 teams through the 2011–12 series, but has featured 28 teams since 2012–13, with 15 core teams and the winner of the HSBC Asian Sevens Series competing for series points. At the 2013 event, the remaining 12 teams were those in the World Series Pre-Qualifier;^[34] from 2014 forward, the remaining 12 teams are those in the Core Team Qualifier.^[16]
In Hong Kong, the Shield was awarded for the first time in 2010.^[37]

Originally, the six pool winners of the Hong Kong Sevens, plus the two highest-finishing second-place teams, advanced to the Cup.

In 2010 and 2011, a different system was used:^[38]

• The losing quarterfinalists in the Cup competition contested the Plate competition.


• The four remaining second-place teams and the four best third-place teams, which contested the Plate in previous years, competed for the Bowl.


• The remaining eight teams in the competition, which contested the Bowl in previous years, competed for the Shield.

In the transitional year of 2012, the Hong Kong Sevens was split into two separate competitions. The 12 core teams competed for the Cup, Plate and Bowl under a format similar to that of a regular event. The 12 invited teams all competed for the Shield, with the top three sides in that competition also earning core status for 2012–13.

From 2013 on, the four trophies in Hong Kong will be contested under the same format used in regular 16-team tournaments. Only the 15 core teams, plus the winner of the HSBC Asian Sevens Series, now compete in the main draw of that event although from 2017 the number of trophies was reduced to just the main Cup with the showpiece final being reduced from 20 minutes to 14 minutes and the Challenge Trophy which were in line with changes which began at the start of the 2016-17 World Rugby Sevens Series.

Points schedule

The season championship is determined by points earned in each tournament. World Rugby introduced a new scoring system for the 2011–12 series, in which all teams participating in a tournament are guaranteed points. Initially, World Rugby announced the new points schedule only for the standard 16-team events; the allocations for the Hong Kong Sevens were announced later.^[36]

The current points schedule used at each standard event is summarised below.

Place	Status	Points
	Cup final winner and gold medalist	22
	Cup final runner-up and silver medalist	19
	Cup third-place play-off winner and bronze medalist	17
4	Cup third-place play-off loser	15
5	Cup 5th-place final winner	13
6	Cup 5th-place final loser	12
7*	Cup 5th-place semifinal losers	10
9	Challenge 9th-place final winner and trophy winner	8
10	Challenge 9th-place final runner-up	7
11*	Challenge 9th-place semifinal losers	5
13	Challenge 13th-place final winner	3
14	Challenge 13th-place final loser	2
15*	Challenge 13th-place semifinal losers	1

Tie-breaking: If two or more teams are level on overall series points, the following tie-breakers are used:^[35]

1. Overall difference in points scored and allowed during the season.


2. Total try count during the season.


3. If neither of the above produces a winner, the teams are considered tied.

Business

TV and media

The tour received 1,147 hours of air time in 2005–06; 530 of which was live, and was broadcast to 136 countries.^[39] By 2008–09, the hours of air time had increased to over 3,300, with 35 broadcasters airing the series in 139 countries and 15 languages.^[40] Broadcast time increased further in 2009–10, with 3,561 hours of air time (1,143 hours live) carried by 34 broadcasters in 141 countries and 16 languages.^[41] In 2010–11, 3,657 hours of coverage were aired (1,161 hours live), with the same number of broadcasters as the previous season but six new countries added. For that season, Sevens World Series programming was available in 332 million homes worldwide, with a potential audience of 760 million.^[42]

Sponsorship

The International Rugby Board reached a 5-year deal with HSBC in October 2010 that granted them status as the first-ever title sponsor of the Sevens World Series. Through the agreement, HSBC acquired title naming rights to all tournaments in the World Series, beginning with the Dubai Sevens on 3 December 2010.^[2] HSBC has since sub-licensed the naming rights to individual tournaments, while retaining its name sponsorship of the overall series. A renewed, 4-year deal was announced before the 2015–16 Series, this deal was also expanded to include the World Rugby Women's Sevens Series.^[43]

Crowd cheering at the 2009 Hong Kong Sevens.

Player awards by season

Season	Rounds	Most points	Most tries[44]	Player of the Year
1999–00	10		Vilimoni Delasau (83)	No Award
2000–01	9		Karl Te Nana (42)	No Award
2001–02	11		Brent Russell (46)	No Award
2002–03	7		Nasoni Roko (39)	No Award
2003–04	8		Fabian Juries & Rob Thirlby (39)	Simon Amor
2004–05	7		David Lemi (46)	Orene Ai'i
2005–06	8	Ben Gollings (343)	Timoteo Iosua (40)	Uale Mai
2006–07	8	William Ryder (416)	Mikaele Pesamino (43)	Afeleke Pelenise
2007–08	8	Tomasi Cama Jr. (319)	Fabian Juries (41)	DJ Forbes
2008–09	8	Ben Gollings (260)	Collins Injera (42)	Ollie Phillips
2009–10	8	Ben Gollings (332)	Mikaele Pesamino (56)	Mikaele Pesamino
2010–11	8	Cecil Afrika (381)	Cecil Afrika (40)	Cecil Afrika
2011–12	9	Tomasi Cama Jr. (390)	Matt Turner (38)	Tomasi Cama Jr.
2012–13	9	Dan Norton (264)	Dan Norton (52)	Tim Mikkelson
2013–14	9	Tom Mitchell (358)	Samisoni Viriviri (52)	Samisoni Viriviri
2014–15	9	Osea Kolinisau (312)	Seabelo Senatla (47)	Werner Kok
2015–16	10	Madison Hughes (331)	Seabelo Senatla (66)	Seabelo Senatla
2016–17	10	Perry Baker (285)	Perry Baker (57)	Perry Baker
2017–18	10	Nathan Hirayama (334)	Carlin Isles (49)

Player records

Players in bold are still active.

Tries

Top all-time try-scorers Player Nationality Tries Dan Norton  England 299 Collins Injera  Kenya 271 Santiago Gómez Cora  Argentina 230 Seabelo Senatla  South Africa 224 Ben Gollings  England 220 Tim Mikkelson  New Zealand 205 Fabian Juries  South Africa 179 Cecil Afrika  South Africa 173 Perry Baker  United States 170 Mikaele Pesamino  Samoa 161

Top active try-scorers Player Nationality Tries Age Dan Norton  England 299 30 Collins Injera  Kenya 271 32 Seabelo Senatla  South Africa 224 25 Tim Mikkelson  New Zealand 205 32 Cecil Afrika  South Africa 174 30 Perry Baker  United States 170 32 Carlin Isles  United States 133 28 Luke Morgan  Wales 131 26 Nathan Hirayama  Canada 120 30 Tom Mitchell  England 120 30 Samisoni Viriviri  Fiji 120 30

Updated 18 June 2018

Points

Top all-time point-scorers Player Nationality Points Ben Gollings  England 2,652 Tomasi Cama  New Zealand 2,026 Dan Norton  England 1,509 Nathan Hirayama  Canada 1,464 Cecil Afrika  South Africa 1,430 Tom Mitchell  England 1,408 Collins Injera  Kenya 1,393 Colin Gregor  Scotland 1,345 Uale Mai  Samoa 1,320 Waisale Serevi  Fiji 1,310

Top active point-scorers Player Nationality Points Age Dan Norton  England 1,509 30 Nathan Hirayama  Canada 1,464 30 Cecil Afrika  South Africa 1,430 30 Tom Mitchell  England 1,408 28 Collins Injera  Kenya 1,393 32 Branco du Preez  South Africa 1,162 28 Seabelo Senatla  South Africa 1,120 25 Madison Hughes  United States 1,111 25 Terry Bouhraoua  France 1,108 31

Updated: 18 June 2018

Appearances

Top all-time appearances Player Nationality Tourn Matches DJ Forbes  New Zealand 89 447 James Rodwell  England 75 406 Collins Injera  Kenya 408 Tim Mikkelson  New Zealand 71 380 Dan Norton  England 384 Uale Mai  Samoa 79 359 Ben Gollings  England 70 344 Frankie Horne  South Africa 66 344 Pedro Leal  Portugal 338 Humphrey Kayange  Kenya 59 331 Source: World Rugby website. Updated 17 June 2018. See also World Rugby Women's Sevens Series Rugby World Cup Sevens Rugby sevens at the Summer Olympics Rugby League World Sevens References ^ "The Official World Sevens Series Website". irbsevens1999.irb.org. 1999. Archived from the original on 14 February 2003. Retrieved 2 April 2018..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em} ^ ab "HSBC first Sevens World Series title sponsor" (Press release). 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International Rugby Board. 22 May 2016. ^ http://www.worldrugby.org/text/189809 ^ "Four men's teams qualify for RWC Sevens 2018". World Rugby. World Rugby. 21 May 2017. ^ "Sport briefs". Newcastle Herald. Fairfax. 8 December 1999. p. 89. Archived from the original on 25 May 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016. ^ "Sydney to host Australia World Rugby Sevens Series event from 2015–16". World Rugby. Retrieved 1 October 2015. ^ "DOWN MEMORY LANE – 2004: FIRST USA SEVENS TOURNAMENT", Rugby Today, 3 January 2018. ^ "Vancouver welcomes the world for the inaugural Canada Sevens", CTV Vancouver News, 8 March 2016. ^ "How it all began: A jewel discovered", South China Morning Post, 6 March 2015. ^ "‘Sauna’ sevens as Singapore returns as host of latest leg in World Series", South China Morning Post, 15 April 2016. ^ "In brief: Fiji wins Paris Sevens". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax. 13 October 1996. Archived from the original on 15 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016. ^ "How it all began: A jewel discovered", South China Morning Post, 6 March 2015. ^ "Teams announced for Gold Coast kickoff" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011. ^ "Who will join the Sevens elite?" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012. ^ "Tears of joy for World Series qualifiers" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 25 March 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2012. ^ abc "Pools confirmed for Hong Kong Sevens" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 21 February 2013. Retrieved 11 October 2013. ^ ab "2006–07 IRB Sevens World Series Media Guide" (PDF). International Rugby Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 July 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007. ^ ab "New Points System for HSBC Sevens World Series". South African Rugby Union. 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016. ^ "Overhaul for Sevens World Series point system" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 9 November 2009. Retrieved 6 November 2009. ^ "All 24 teams announced for Hong Kong Sevens" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 28 January 2010. Retrieved 28 January 2010. ^ "IRB announces record TV figures". sportbusiness.com. 25 July 2006. Archived from the original on 18 August 2012. ^ "Record numbers tune in to Sevens rugby" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 26 July 2009. ^ "Sevens enjoys more record broadcast figures" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 10 September 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2010. ^ "More TV records for HSBC Sevens World Series" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2011. ^ [1] ^ "Pesamino back on top of the Sevens charts" (Press release). International Rugby Board. 30 May 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010. External links Official site