Miszna






Talmud, Miszna, Gemara ...




Fragment XII-wiecznego manuskryptu


Miszna (hebr. משנה miszna „powtarzanie”, „badanie”, od hebr. שנה szana „powtarzać”, „badać”) – jeden z podstawowych tekstów rabinicznych, zawierający głównie rozstrzygnięcia halachiczne, czyli prawne normy postępowania oparte na Torze i z niej wyinterpretowane. Były one systematycznie zbierane przez uczonych żydowskich, zwanych soferim. Ostateczną postać pisaną nadał jej po powstaniu Bar Kochby około roku 220 Juda ha-Nasi. Uważana jest za pierwsze dzieło judaizmu rabinicznego, część Talmudu.


Miszna składa się z sześciu porządków (seder l.m. sederim), z których każdy dzieli się na zmienną liczbę traktatów (łącznie 63), a te na rozdziały i lekcje:




  • Zeraim (11 traktatów) – błogosławieństwo i ofiary,


  • Moed (12 traktatów) – szabat i święta,


  • Naszim (7 traktatów) – małżeństwo i rozwód,


  • Nezikin (10 traktatów) – prawo cywilne i karne,


  • Kodaszim (11 traktatów) – ofiary i świętokradztwo,


  • Tohorot (12 traktatów) – nieczystość i rytuały.


Komentarze do Miszny zawarte są w Gemarze.



Zobacz też |


  • Miszna Berura


Bibliografia |


  • Rosik, Mariusz ks., Rapoport, Icchak rabin: Wprowadzenie do literatury i egzegezy żydowskiej okresu biblijnego i rabinicznego. Wrocław: Tum Wydawnictwo Wrocławskiej Księgarni Archidiecezjalnej, 2009, s. 318, seria: Bibliotheca Biblica.





































































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