Order of Christ (Portugal)




For the Papal branch of the order, see Supreme Order of Christ.






















































Military Order of Christ
Ordem Militar de Cristo

OrderOfCristCross.svg
Emblem of the Order

Type
Honorific Order
Established
1319 (founded)
1789 (secularized)
Country
Flag of Portugal.svg Portuguese Republic
Religious affiliation
Roman Catholic
Ribbon
Red
Eligibility
Portuguese and foreign military personnel
Awarded for
Outstanding military merit
Status
Currently awarded
Grand Master
President of the Portuguese Republic
Chancellor
Jaime Gama
Precedence
Next (higher)
Order of the Tower and Sword
Next (lower)
Order of Aviz

Ordem cristo.jpg
Decorations of the Order

The Military Order of Christ (Ordem Militar de Cristo), previously the Order of the Knights of Our Lord Jesus Christ (Ordem dos Cavaleiros de Nosso Senhor Jesus Cristo), is the former Knights Templar order as it was reconstituted in Portugal after the Templars were abolished on 22 March 1312 by the papal bull, Vox in excelso, issued by Pope Clement V.[1][2] The Order of Christ was founded in 1319,[3][4] with the protection of the Portuguese king, Denis I, who refused to pursue and persecute the former knights as had occurred in all the other sovereign states under the political influence of the Catholic Church.


Heavily swayed by Philip IV of France, Pope Clement had the Knights Templar annihilated throughout France and most of Europe on charges of heresy, but Denis revived the Templars of Tomar as the Order of Christ, largely for their aid during the Reconquista and in the reconstruction of Portugal after the wars. Denis negotiated with Clement's successor, John XXII, for recognition of the new order and its right to inherit the Templar assets and property.


There exists also a parallel Supreme Order of Christ of the Holy See.




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Grades and Badges


    • 2.1 Insignia




  • 3 People associated with the Order of Christ


    • 3.1 Grand Masters


    • 3.2 Others




  • 4 Locations associated with the Order of Christ


  • 5 Entities using the cross of the order in their insignia


  • 6 See also


  • 7 References


  • 8 Bibliography





History

































Part of a series on the
Knights Templar
Templar Cross

Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ
and of the Temple of Solomon

Overview



  • History

  • Latin Rule

  • Seal



  • Grand Masters

  • Members


  • Trials and dissolution

Papal bulls



  • Omne datum optimum (1139)


  • Milites Templi (1144)


  • Militia Dei (1145)


  • Pastoralis praeeminentiae (1307)


  • Faciens misericordiam (1308)


  • Ad providam (1312)


  • Vox in excelso (1312)

Locations



  • France

  • England

  • Scotland

  • Spain

  • Portugal

Successors



  • Sovereign Military Order of Malta Sovereign Military Order of Malta


  • Portugal Order of Christ


  • Holy SeeSupreme Order of Christ


  • Spain Order of Montesa



Cultural references



  • In the IOGT

  • In self-styled orders

  • In Freemasonry

  • In popular culture

See also


  • Military order (monastic society)

  • Category:Catholic chivalric orders

046CupolaSPietro.jpg Catholicism portal


P christianity.svg Christianity portal

  • v

  • t

  • e


Main article: History of the Order of Christ

The order's origins lie in the Knights Templar, founded circa 1118. The Templars were persecuted by the king of France and eventually disbanded by the pope in 1312. King Dinis I of Portugal created the Order of Christ in 1317 for those knights who survived their mass slaughter throughout Europe.[5] In Portugal, the Order of Christ accumulated great riches and power during the Age of Discoveries.


In 1789, Queen Maria I of Portugal secularized the order.[5] In 1910, with the end of the Portuguese monarchy, the order was extinguished. However, in 1917, the order was revived, with its Grand Master to be the President of Portugal. The Military Order of Christ, together with the Military Orders of Aviz and of St. James of the Sword, formed the group of the "Ancient Military Orders", governed by a chancellor and a council of eight members, and appointed by the President of the Republic to assist him as Grand Master in all the order's administrative matters. The Order can be conferred for outstanding services to the Republic on military officers, and, despite its name, on civilians (including foreigners as well as Portuguese citizens) and on members of: Parliament or other branches of government, the diplomatic corps, the Courts of Justice, the Civil Service, and other public authorities.[6]



Grades and Badges


The Order of Christ, as awarded by the Portuguese government today, comes in five classes:[7]




  • Grand Cross (GCC), which wears the badge of the Order on a sash on the right shoulder, and the star of the Order in gold on the left chest;


  • Grand Officer (GOC), which wears the badge of the Order on a necklet, and the star of the Order in gold on the left chest;


  • Commander (ComC), which wears the badge of the Order on a necklet, and the star of the Order in silver on the left chest;


  • Officer (OC), which wears the badge of the Order on a ribbon with rosette on the left chest;


  • Knight (CavC) or Dame (DamC), which wears the badge of the Order on a plain ribbon on the left chest.



Insignia



  • The badge of the Order is a gilt cross with enamel, similar to the Order's emblem illustrated here, but with a longer lower arm. During the monarchy there were separate badges for civil and military knights: civil knights wore a badge similar to the modern version, but with the Sacred Heart of Christ above it; military knights had a completely different insignia, this being a gilt, white enamelled Maltese Cross with enamelled oval shields (each bearing a design similar to the Coat of arms of Portugal minus the red border) between the arms of the cross, the whole surrounded by a wreath of palm; the central disc was in white enamel, with a miniature of the modern badge in it; the badge was topped by a gilt crown.[7]

  • The star of the Order has 22 asymmetrical arms of rays, in gilt for Grand Cross and Grand Officer, and in silver for Commander. The central disc is in white enamel, with a miniature of the modern badge in it. During the monarchy the Sacred Heart of Christ was placed at the top of the star.[7]

  • The ribbon of the Order is plain red.[7]












Bars of the Military Order of Christ

PRT Order of Christ - Grand Cross BAR.png
Grand Cross
PRT Order of Christ - Grand Officer BAR.png
Grand Officer
PRT Order of Christ - Commander BAR.png
Commander
PRT Order of Christ - Officer BAR.png
Officer
PRT Order of Christ - Knight BAR.png
Knight



People associated with the Order of Christ




Star and riband of a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Christ



Grand Masters




  • Henry the Navigator (Grand Master)


  • Manuel I (Grand Master)


  • Infante Ferdinand (Grand Master)


  • Sebastian of Portugal (Grand Master)



Others




  • Vasco da Gama (also to the Order of Santiago before)

  • Pedro Álvares Cabral

  • João Gonçalves Zarco

  • Gonçalo Velho Cabral

  • Bartolomeu Dias

  • D. Beatrice

  • Francisco de Almeida

  • Miguel Corte-Real

  • Gaspar Corte-Real

  • Tristão da Cunha

  • Martim Afonso de Sousa

  • João de Castro

  • Cristóvão da Gama

  • Tomé de Sousa


  • Fernão de Magalhães, also known as Ferdinand Magellan (also to the Order of Santiago)

  • Vicente Sodré

  • Damião de Góis

  • Pedro Teixeira

  • Alexandre de Gusmão

  • Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira

  • Henrique Dias

  • António Filipe Camarão

  • Jácome Ratton

  • Albert Coyette

  • Louis-Nicolas Davout

  • Jean-Baptiste Bessières



Locations associated with the Order of Christ




  • Castro Marim (seat of the order before 1357)

  • Convento de Cristo

  • Belém Tower

  • Castle of Almourol

  • Castle of Monsanto

  • Castle of Castelo Branco


  • Sagres (death place of Prince Henry)



Entities using the cross of the order in their insignia


Main article: Cross of the Order of Christ


  • Brazilian Football Confederation


  • Clube de Futebol Os Belenenses (Portugal)

  • Futebol Clube Cesarense

  • Madeira

  • National Corps of Scouts - Portuguese Catholic Scouting

  • Olympic Committee of Portugal

  • Portuguese Air Force

  • Portuguese Athletic Federation

  • Portuguese Football Federation

  • Portuguese Navy

  • Portuguese Roller Sports Federation

  • Principality of Pontinha


  • Flag of the city of São Paulo (Brazil)



See also



  • Honorific orders of Portugal

  • Order of Christ (Holy See)

  • History of the Order of Christ



References


 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "article name needed". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}





  1. ^ Robert Ferguson (26 August 2011). The Knights Templar and Scotland. History Press Limited. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-7524-6977-5.


  2. ^ Jochen Burgtorf; Paul F. Crawford; Helen J. Nicholson (28 June 2013). The Debate on the Trial of the Templars (1307–1314). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 298. ISBN 978-1-4094-8102-7.


  3. ^ Matthew Anthony Fitzsimons; Jean Bécarud (1969). The Catholic Church today: Western Europe. University of Notre Dame Press. p. 159.


  4. ^ Helen J. Nicholson (1 January 2004). The Crusades. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-313-32685-1.


  5. ^ ab Wikisource-logo.svg Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Order of the Knights of Christ". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.


  6. ^ "ANTIGAS ORDENS MILITARES". Bem-vindo a pagina oficial do Grao-Mestre das Ordens Honorificas Portuguesas (in Portuguese). Presidência da República Portuguesa. Retrieved 21 March 2013. External link in |work= (help)


  7. ^ abcd "GRAUS E INSÍGNIAS DA ORDEM MILITAR DE CRISTO". Bem-vindo a pagina oficial do Grao-Mestre das Ordens Honorificas Portuguesas (in Portuguese). Presidência da República Portuguesa. Retrieved 21 March 2013. External link in |work= (help)




Bibliography


  • GUIMARÃES, J. Vieira, A Ordem de Cristo, Lisboa, I.N., 1936








-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

圖片
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No.  built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA...
閱讀完整內容

Rikitea

圖片
Town in French Polynesia, France Rikitea Town Rikitea Location in French Polynesia Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Country   France Overseas collectivity   French Polynesia Territory Gambier Islands Island Mangareva Rikitea is a small town on Mangareva, which is part of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. A majority of the islanders live in Rikitea. [1] [2] The island was a protectorate of France in 1871 and was annexed in 1881. [3] Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Landmarks 5 Transportation 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links History The town's history dates to the era when the island was first settled with people from the Marquesas Islands in 1100 AD. Captain James Wilson of the London Missionary Society arrived in 1797 on Du...
閱讀完整內容

University of Vienna

圖片
"Vienna University" redirects here. For Vienna University of Economics and Business, see Vienna University of Economics and Business. University of Vienna Universität Wien Type Public Established 1365 Budget € 544 million [1] Rector Heinz Engl Academic staff 6,765 Administrative staff 3,106 Students 94,000 [2] Postgraduates 16,490 Doctoral students 8,945 Location Main building, Vienna , Austria 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Coordinates: 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Campus Urban Colors Blue and White           Affiliations Campus Europae, EUA, UNICA Website www.univie.ac.at/en Data as of 2016 [update] The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien ) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the Ge...
閱讀完整內容