St. Clair County, Illinois




































































St. Clair County, Illinois

Downtown Belleville Illinois Courthouse.jpg

St. Clair County Courthouse, Belleville


Flag of St. Clair County, Illinois
Flag

Map of Illinois highlighting St. Clair County
Location in the U.S. state of Illinois

Map of the United States highlighting Illinois
Illinois's location in the U.S.
Founded 1790
Named for Arthur St. Clair
Seat Belleville
Largest city Belleville
Area
 • Total 674 sq mi (1,746 km2)
 • Land 658 sq mi (1,704 km2)
 • Water 16 sq mi (41 km2), 2.4%
Population
 • (2010) 270,056
 • Density 411/sq mi (159/km2)
Congressional district 12th
Time zone
Central: UTC−6/−5
Website www.co.st-clair.il.us



House in Lebanon, Il historic district




Mermaid House Hotel, Lebanon, Illinois


St. Clair County is the oldest county in the U.S. state of Illinois; its western border is formed by the Mississippi River. According to the 2010 census, it had a population of 270,056,[1] making it the eighth-most populous county in Illinois and the most populous in the southern portion of the state. Its county seat is Belleville.[2] The county was founded in 1790 by the government of the Northwest Territory, before the establishment of Illinois as a state. Cahokia Village in the county was founded in 1697 and was a French settlement and former Jesuit mission.


St. Clair County is part of the American Bottom or Metro-East area of the St. Louis, MO-IL Metropolitan Statistical Area.


In 1970, the U.S. Census Bureau placed the mean center of U.S. population in St. Clair County.[3]




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Geography


    • 2.1 Climate and weather




  • 3 Transportation


    • 3.1 Major highways


    • 3.2 Public transit


    • 3.3 Adjacent counties and city




  • 4 Demographics


  • 5 Government and infrastructure


    • 5.1 Politics




  • 6 Communities


    • 6.1 Cities


    • 6.2 Villages


    • 6.3 Census-designated places


    • 6.4 Unincorporated communities


    • 6.5 Townships




  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links





History


This area was occupied for thousands of years by cultures of indigenous peoples. The first explorers and colonists of the area were French and French Canadians, founding a mission settlement in 1697 now known as Cahokia Village. After Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War in 1763 and took over its territory in North America east of the Mississippi River, British-American colonists began to move into the area. Many ethnic and Catholic French moved to settlements west of the river rather than live under British Protestant rule.


After the United States achieved independence in the late 18th century, St. Clair County was the first county it established in what is today Illinois. The county antedates Illinois' existence as a separate jurisdiction. The county was established in 1790 by a proclamation of Arthur St. Clair, first governor of the Northwest Territory, who immodestly named it after himself.


In its original boundaries, St. Clair county covered a large area between the Mackinaw and Ohio rivers. In 1801, Governor William Henry Harrison re-established St. Clair County as part of the Indiana Territory, extending its northern border to Lake Superior and the international border with Rupert's Land.[4]


In 1809, when the Illinois Territory was created, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope, in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing St. Clair and Randolph County as the two original counties of Illinois.



Originally developed for agriculture, this area became industrialized and urbanized in the area of East St. Louis, Illinois, a city that developed on the east side of the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri. It was always strongly influenced by actions of businessmen from St. Louis, who were initially French Creole fur traders who had a large network of trading to the west.


Beginning in the 19th century, industrialists from St. Louis put coal plants and other heavy industry on the east side of the river, developing East St. Louis. Coal was transported here from mines to the south in the county, and shipped across the river for use. After bridges were built between the cities, industry expanded.


In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the cities attracted thousands of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and migrants from the South seeking jobs. In 1910 there were 6,000 African Americans in the city. With the Great Migration underway from the rural South, to leave behind Jim Crow and disenfranchisement, by 1917, the African-American population in East St. Louis had doubled. Whites were generally hired first and given higher paying jobs, but there were still opportunities for American blacks. If hired as strikebreakers, they were resented by white workers, and both groups competed for jobs and limited housing in East St. Louis. The city had not been able to keep up with the rapid growth of population. The United States was developing war industries to support its eventual entry into the Great War, now known as World War I.



In February 1917 tensions in the city arose as white workers struck at the Aluminum Ore Company. Employers fiercely resisted union organizing, sometimes with violence. In this case they hired hundreds of blacks as strikebreakers. White workers complained to the city council about this practice in late May. Rumors circulated about an armed African American man robbing a white man, and whites began to attack blacks on the street. The governor ordered in the National Guard and peace seemed restored by early June.


"On July 1, a white man in a Ford shot into black homes. Armed African-Americans gathered in the area and shot into another oncoming Ford, killing two men who turned out to be police officers investigating the shooting."[6] Word spread and whites gathered at the Labor Temple; the next day they fanned out across the city, armed with guns, clubs, anything they could use against the blacks they encountered. From July 1 through July 3, 1917, the East St. Louis riots engulfed the city, with whites attacking blacks throughout the city, pulling them from streetcars, shooting and hanging them, burning their houses. During this period, some African Americans tried to swim or use boats to get to safety; thousands crossed the Eads Bridge to St. Louis, seeking refuge, until the police closed it off. The official death toll was 39 blacks and nine whites, but some historians believe more blacks were killed.[6] Because the riots were racial terrorism, the Equal Justice Initiative has included these deaths among the lynchings of African Americans in the state of Illinois in its 2017 3rd edition of its report, Lynching in America.[7]


The riots had disrupted East St. Louis, which had seemed to be on the rise as a flourishing industrial city. In addition to the human toll, they cost approximately $400,000 in property damage[8] (over $8 million, in 2017 US Dollars [9]). They have been described as among the worst labor and race-related riots in United States history, and devastated the African-American community.


Rebuilding was difficult as workers were being drafted to fight in World War I. When the veterans returned, they struggled to find jobs and re-enter the economy, which had to shift down to peacetime.


In the late 20th century, national restructuring of heavy industry cost many jobs, hollowing out the city, which had a marked decline in population. Residents who did not leave have suffered high rates of poverty and crime. In the early 21st century, East St. Louis is a site of urban decay. Swathes of deteriorated housing were demolished and parts of the city have become urban prairie. In 2017 the city marked the centennial of the riots that had so affected its residents.


Other cities in St. Clair County border agricultural or vacant lands. Unlike the suburbs on the Missouri side of the metro area, those in Metro-East are typically separated by agriculture, or otherwise undeveloped land left after the decline of industry. The central portion of St. Clair county is located on a bluff along the Mississippi River. This area is being developed with suburban housing, particularly in Belleville, and its satellite cities. The eastern and southern portion of the county is sparsely populated. The older small communities and small tracts of newer suburban villages are located between large areas of land devoted to corn and soybean fields, the major commodity crops of the area.



Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 674 square miles (1,750 km2), of which 658 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 16 square miles (41 km2) (2.4%) is water.[10]



Climate and weather








Belleville, Illinois
Climate chart (explanation)
































J F M A M J J A S O N D

 

 

2

 

 

40

22


 

 

2.2

 

 

46

27


 

 

3.5

 

 

57

35


 

 

3.9

 

 

68

45


 

 

4.2

 

 

77

54


 

 

4

 

 

86

63


 

 

3.5

 

 

90

67


 

 

3.3

 

 

88

64


 

 

3

 

 

82

56


 

 

2.9

 

 

71

45


 

 

3.9

 

 

56

36


 

 

3

 

 

44

27

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[11]



































In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Belleville have ranged from a low of 22 °F (−6 °C) in January to a high of 90 °F (32 °C) in July, although a record low of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of 117 °F (47 °C) at East St. Louis, Illinois was recorded in July 1954.[12][13][14] Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.02 inches (51 mm) in January to 4.18 inches (106 mm) in May.[11]



Transportation



Major highways





  • I-55.svg Interstate 55


  • I-64.svg Interstate 64


  • I-70.svg Interstate 70


  • I-255.svg Interstate 255


  • US 40.svg U.S. Highway 40


  • US 50.svg U.S. Highway 50


  • Illinois 3.svg Illinois Route 3


  • Illinois 4.svg Illinois Route 4


  • Illinois 13.svg Illinois Route 13


  • Illinois 15.svg Illinois Route 15


  • Illinois 111.svg Illinois Route 111


  • Illinois 156.svg Illinois Route 156


  • Illinois 157.svg Illinois Route 157


  • Illinois 158.svg Illinois Route 158


  • Illinois 159.svg Illinois Route 159


  • Illinois 161.svg Illinois Route 161


  • Illinois 163.svg Illinois Route 163


  • Illinois 177.svg Illinois Route 177


  • Illinois 203.svg Illinois Route 203




Public transit


St. Clair County is home to 11 St. Louis MetroLink stations on the Red and Blue Lines.



  • East Riverfront

  • 5th & Missouri

  • Emerson Park

  • Jackie Joyner-Kersee Center

  • Washington Park

  • Fairview Heights

  • Memorial Hospital

  • Swansea

  • Belleville

  • College

  • Shiloh-Scott


St. Clair County is also served by Metrobus and Madison County Transit.



Adjacent counties and city




  • Madison County (north)


  • Clinton County (northeast)


  • Washington County (east)


  • Randolph County (south)


  • Monroe County (southwest)


  • St. Louis, Missouri (west)


  • St. Louis County, Missouri (west)



Demographics









































































































































Historical population
Census Pop.

1820 5,253
1830 7,078 34.7%
1840 13,631 92.6%
1850 20,180 48.0%
1860 37,694 86.8%
1870 51,068 35.5%
1880 61,806 21.0%
1890 66,571 7.7%
1900 86,685 30.2%
1910 119,870 38.3%
1920 136,520 13.9%
1930 157,775 15.6%
1940 166,899 5.8%
1950 205,995 23.4%
1960 262,509 27.4%
1970 285,176 8.6%
1980 267,531 −6.2%
1990 262,852 −1.7%
2000 256,082 −2.6%
2010 270,056 5.5%
Est. 2017 262,479 [15] −2.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]
1790-1960[17] 1900-1990[18]
1990-2000[19] 2010-2013[1]

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 270,056 people, 105,045 households, and 70,689 families residing in the county.[20] The population density was 410.6 inhabitants per square mile (158.5/km2). There were 116,249 housing units at an average density of 176.7 per square mile (68.2/km2).[10] The racial makeup of the county was 64.6% white, 30.5% black or African American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.2% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.3% of the population.[20] In terms of ancestry, 27.5% were German, 11.1% were Irish, 7.4% were English, and 4.6% were American.[21]


Of the 105,045 households, 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 17.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 32.7% were non-families, and 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.09. The median age was 36.9 years.[20]


The median income for a household in the county was $48,562 and the median income for a family was $61,042. Males had a median income of $47,958 versus $34,774 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,770. About 12.3% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.[22]



Government and infrastructure


The Southwestern Illinois Correctional Center, operated by the Illinois Department of Corrections, is near East St. Louis in St. Clair County.[23]


Also located in St. Clair County is Scott Air Force Base, which is home to U.S. Transportation Command, the Air Force's Air Mobility Command, and the Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command.



Politics



Presidential elections results













































































































































































































Presidential elections results[24]
Year

Republican

Democratic

Third parties

2016
44.4% 53,857

50.0% 60,756
5.6% 6,823

2012
41.8% 50,125

56.2% 67,285
2.0% 2,417

2008
38.1% 47,958

60.4% 76,160
1.5% 1,936

2004
44.4% 50,203

55.1% 62,410
0.5% 576

2000
42.1% 42,299

55.7% 55,961
2.1% 2,133

1996
35.0% 33,066

56.6% 53,405
8.4% 7,958

1992
29.7% 31,951

53.6% 57,625
16.7% 17,965

1988
42.6% 41,439

57.0% 55,465
0.4% 409

1984
49.0% 51,046

50.2% 52,294
0.8% 808

1980
45.8% 46,063

49.7% 50,046
4.5% 4,564

1976
39.9% 40,333

58.6% 59,177
1.5% 1,555

1972

51.5% 50,519
47.5% 46,636
1.0% 942

1968
34.1% 34,442

50.3% 50,726
15.6% 15,706

1964
27.6% 28,226

72.4% 74,005
0.0% 0

1960
38.3% 42,046

61.4% 67,367
0.3% 338

1956
42.8% 41,528

56.9% 55,295
0.3% 283

1952
39.5% 39,713

60.0% 60,311
0.5% 479

1948
36.1% 30,883

63.4% 54,260
0.6% 474

1944
40.8% 33,557

58.8% 48,325
0.4% 327

1940
40.1% 35,998

59.5% 53,482
0.5% 411

1936
31.9% 26,684

64.8% 54,238
3.4% 2,840

1932
31.3% 22,744

65.2% 47,305
3.5% 2,522

1928
45.6% 31,026

53.5% 36,374
0.9% 637

1924

45.9% 23,380
29.3% 14,921
24.9% 12,693

1920

51.3% 21,681
33.2% 14,032
15.4% 6,518

1916
47.7% 22,134

48.8% 22,622
3.6% 1,650

1912
31.5% 8,156

41.9% 10,826
26.6% 6,884

1908

48.7% 12,619
43.7% 11,342
7.6% 1,973

1904

55.3% 11,926
38.0% 8,200
6.7% 1,435

1900
48.7% 9,764

49.0% 9,827
2.4% 472

1896

51.0% 8,960
47.5% 8,345
1.6% 278

1892
44.7% 6,276

51.4% 7,207
3.9% 551




Communities



Cities




  • Belleville

  • Centreville

  • Collinsville

  • Columbia

  • East St. Louis

  • Fairview Heights

  • Lebanon

  • Madison

  • Mascoutah

  • O'Fallon




Villages




  • Alorton

  • Brooklyn

  • Cahokia

  • Caseyville

  • Dupo

  • East Carondelet

  • Fairmont City

  • Fayetteville

  • Freeburg

  • Hecker

  • Lenzburg

  • Marissa

  • Millstadt

  • New Athens

  • New Baden

  • Sauget

  • Shiloh

  • Smithton

  • St. Libory

  • Summerfield

  • Swansea

  • Washington Park




Census-designated places



  • Darmstadt

  • Floraville

  • Paderborn

  • Rentchler

  • Scott AFB



Unincorporated communities



  • Douglas

  • Imbs

  • North Dupo

  • State Park Place

  • Westview



Townships


St. Clair County is divided into these townships:




  • Canteen

  • Caseyville

  • Centreville

  • East St. Louis

  • Engelmann

  • Fayetteville

  • Freeburg

  • Lebanon

  • Lenzburg

  • Marissa

  • Mascoutah

  • Millstadt

  • New Athens

  • O'Fallon

  • Prairie du Long

  • St. Clair

  • Shiloh Valley

  • Smithton

  • Stites

  • Stookey

  • Sugarloaf


Former Townships:



  • Belleville[25]



See also



  • National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Clair County, Illinois


References





  1. ^ ab "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.


  3. ^ "Mean Center of Population for the United States: 1790 to 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2001-11-03. Retrieved 2011-09-17.


  4. ^ White, Jesse. Origin and Evolution of Illinois Counties. State of Illinois, March 2010. [1]


  5. ^ White, Jesse. Origin and Evolution of Illinois Counties. State of Illinois, March 2010. [2]


  6. ^ ab Alison Keyes, "The East St. Louis Race Riot Left Dozens Dead, Devastating a Community on the Rise", Smithsonian Magazine, 30 June 2017; accessed 26 May 2018


  7. ^ [https://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-third-edition-summary.pdf Lynching in America/Supplement by County, 3rd edition, 2017, p.4


  8. ^ "The NEGRO SILENT PROTEST PARADE organized by the NAACP Fifth Ave., New York City July 28, 1917" (PDF). National Humanities Center, Research Triangle Park, NC. National Humanities Center. 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2017.


  9. ^ "Calculate the value of $400,000 in 1917". www.dollartimes.com.


  10. ^ ab "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-12.


  11. ^ ab "Monthly Averages for Belleville, Illinois". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2011-01-27.


  12. ^ Westcott, Nancy E. (July 2011). "The Prolonged 1954 Midwestern U.S. Heat Wave: Impacts and Responses". Wea. Climate Soc. 3 (3): 165–76. doi:10.1175/WCAS-D-10-05002.1.


  13. ^ "Lessons Learned from 1950s' Heat Wave Show Planning Needed for Future Severe Events" (Press release). Illinois State Water Survey. 2011-05-18. Retrieved 2011-11-04.


  14. ^ Westcott, Nancy (2010-01-19). "Impacts of the 1954 Heat Wave". 18th Conference on Applied Climatology. Atlanta, GA: American Meteorological Society.


  15. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved April 8, 2018.


  16. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2014.


  17. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 8, 2014.


  18. ^ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2014.


  19. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2014.


  20. ^ abc "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-12.


  21. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-12.


  22. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-07-12.


  23. ^ "Southwestern Illinois Correctional Center." Illinois Department of Corrections. Retrieved on July 10, 2010.


  24. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 27 March 2018.


  25. ^ "Belleville officially takes over township's duties". bnd.com. Retrieved 27 March 2018.




External links




  • A Brief History of St. Clair County, Illinois from rootsweb.com

  • St. Clair County Historical Society & Research Library








Coordinates: 38°28′N 89°56′W / 38.47°N 89.93°W / 38.47; -89.93







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