Chancellor of the Exchequer




























































Chancellor of the Exchequer

Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg

Royal Arms of Her Majesty's Government


Official portrait of Mr Philip Hammond.jpg

Incumbent
Philip Hammond

since 13 July 2016 (2016-07-13)
Her Majesty's Treasury
Style Chancellor
(informal)
The Right Honourable
(within the UK and the Commonwealth)
Member of
Cabinet
Privy Council
National Security Council
Reports to Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
Residence 11 Downing Street
Seat Westminster
Appointer The Monarch
on advice of the Prime Minister
Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure
Formation 22 June 1316
First holder
Hervey de Stanton
in the Kingdom of England only
Deputy Chief Secretary to the Treasury
Salary £69,552 (excluding salary as MP)
Website www.gov.uk

The Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of Her Majesty's Exchequer, commonly known as the Chancellor of the Exchequer,[a] or simply the Chancellor,[1] is a senior official within the Government of the United Kingdom and head of Her Majesty's Treasury. The office is a British Cabinet-level position.


The chancellor is responsible for all economic and financial matters, equivalent to the role of finance minister in other nations. The position is considered one of the four Great Offices of State, and in recent times has come to be the most powerful office in British politics after the prime minister.


The Chancellor of the Exchequer is now always Second Lord of the Treasury as one of the Lords Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Treasurer. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, it was common for the prime minister also to serve as Chancellor of the Exchequer if he sat in the Commons; the last chancellor who was simultaneously prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer was Stanley Baldwin in 1923. Formerly, in cases when the chancellorship was vacant, the Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench would act as Chancellor pro tempore.[2] The last Lord Chief Justice to serve in this way was Lord Denman in 1834.


The chancellor is the third-oldest major state office in English and British history; it originally carried responsibility for the Exchequer, the medieval English institution for the collection and auditing of royal revenues which dates from the Anglo-Saxon period[3] and survived the Norman conquest of England.[4]:149 The earliest surviving records which are the results of the exchequer's audit, date from 1129–30 under King Henry I and show continuity from previous years.[5] The chancellor controlled monetary policy as well as fiscal policy until 1997, when the Bank of England was granted independent control of its interest rates. The chancellor also has oversight of public spending across Government departments.




Contents






  • 1 Second Lord of the Treasury


  • 2 Roles and responsibilities


    • 2.1 Fiscal policy


    • 2.2 Monetary policy


    • 2.3 Ministerial arrangements




  • 3 Perquisites of the office


    • 3.1 Official residence


    • 3.2 Dorneywood


    • 3.3 Budget box


    • 3.4 Budget tipple


    • 3.5 Robe of office




  • 4 List of Chancellors of the Exchequer


    • 4.1 Chancellors of the Exchequer of England (c. 1221 – c. 1558)


    • 4.2 Chancellor of the Exchequer of England (c. 1558 – 1708)


    • 4.3 Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain (1708–1817)


    • 4.4 Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom (1817–present)




  • 5 See also


  • 6 Notes


  • 7 References


  • 8 Further reading


  • 9 External links





Second Lord of the Treasury


The holder of the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer is ex officio Second Lord of the Treasury as a member of the commission exercising the ancient office of Lord High Treasurer.[6] As the Second Lord, his official residence is 11 Downing Street in London, next door to the residence of the First Lord of the Treasury (a title that has for many years been held by the prime minister), who resides in 10 Downing Street. While in the past both houses were private residences, today they serve as interlinked offices, with the occupant living in an apartment made from attic rooms previously resided in by servants.


Since 1827, the chancellor has always simultaneously held the office of Second Lord of the Treasury when that person has not also been the prime minister.



Roles and responsibilities


A previous chancellor, Robert Lowe, described the office in the following terms in the House of Commons, on 11 April 1870: "The Chancellor of the Exchequer is a man whose duties make him more or less of a taxing machine. He is entrusted with a certain amount of misery which it is his duty to distribute as fairly as he can."



Fiscal policy


The chancellor has considerable control over other departments as it is the Treasury which sets Departmental Expenditure Limits. The amount of power this gives to an individual chancellor depends on his personal forcefulness, his status within his party and his relationship with the prime minister. Gordon Brown, who became chancellor when Labour came into Government in 1997, had a large personal power base in the party. Perhaps as a result, Tony Blair chose to keep him in the same position throughout his ten years as prime minister; making Brown an unusually dominant figure and the longest-serving chancellor since the Reform Act of 1832.[7] This has strengthened a pre-existing trend towards the Chancellor occupying a clear second position among government ministers, elevated above his traditional peers, the Foreign Secretary and Home Secretary.


One part of the Chancellor's key roles involves the framing of the annual year budget. As of 2017, the first is the Autumn Budget, also known as Budget Day which forecasts government spending in the next financial year and also announces new financial measures. The second is a Spring Statement, also known as a "mini-Budget". Britain's tax year has retained the old Julian end of year: 24 March (Old Style) / 5 April (New Style, i.e. Gregorian). From 1993, the Budget was in spring, preceded by an annual autumn statement. This was then called Pre-Budget Report. The Autumn Statement usually took place in November or December. The 1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2012 and 2016 budgets were all delivered on a Wednesday, summarised in a speech to the House of Commons.


The budget is a state secret until the chancellor reveals it in his speech to Parliament. Hugh Dalton, on his way to giving the budget speech in 1947, inadvertently blurted out key details to a newspaper reporter, and they appeared in print before he made his speech. Dalton was forced to resign.[8]



Monetary policy


Although the Bank of England is responsible for setting interest rates, the chancellor also plays an important part in the monetary policy structure. He sets the inflation target which the Bank must set interest rates to meet. Under the Bank of England Act 1998 the chancellor has the power of appointment of four out of nine members of the Bank's Monetary Policy Committee – the so-called 'external' members. He also has a high level of influence over the appointment of the Bank's Governor and Deputy Governors, and has the right of consultation over the appointment of the two remaining MPC members from within the Bank.[9] The Act also provides that the Government has the power to give instructions to the Bank on interest rates for a limited period in extreme circumstances. This power has never been officially used.



Ministerial arrangements


At HM Treasury the chancellor is supported by a political team of four junior ministers and by permanent civil servants. The most important junior minister is the Chief Secretary to the Treasury, a member of the Cabinet, to whom the negotiations with other government departments on the details of government spending are delegated, followed by the Paymaster General, the Financial Secretary to the Treasury and the Economic Secretary to the Treasury. Whilst not continuously in use, there can also be appointed a Commercial Secretary to the Treasury and an Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury. Two other officials are given the title of a Secretary to the Treasury, although neither is a government minister in the Treasury: the Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury is the Government Chief Whip in the House of Commons; the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury is not a minister but the senior civil servant in the Treasury.


The chancellor is obliged to be a member of the Privy Council, and thus is styled the Right Honourable (Rt. Hon.). Because the House of Lords is excluded from Finance Bills under the Parliament Acts, the office has since the early 20th century been effectively limited to members of the House of Commons. The chancellor holds the formerly independent office of Master of the Mint as a subsidiary office.[10]



Perquisites of the office



Official residence


The Chancellor's official residence, since 1828, is No. 11 Downing Street.[11] In 1997, the then First and Second Lords, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown respectively, swapped apartments, as the Chancellor's apartment in No. 11 was bigger and thus better suited to the needs of Blair (who had children living with him, including one born during his tenure) than Brown who was at that stage unmarried.



Dorneywood



Dorneywood is the summer residence that is traditionally made available to the chancellor, though it is the prime minister who ultimately decides who may use it. Gordon Brown, on becoming chancellor in 1997, refused to use it and the house, which is set in 215 acres (87 ha)[12] of parkland, was allocated to Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott. It reverted to the chancellor in 2007, then Alistair Darling.[13]



Budget box




Budget box or Gladstone box, c. 1860


The chancellor traditionally carries his Budget speech to the House of Commons in a particular red Despatch Box. The Chancellor's red briefcase is identical to the briefcases used by all other government ministers (known as ministerial boxes or "Despatch Boxes") to transport their official papers but is better known because the chancellor traditionally displays the briefcase, containing the Budget speech, to the press in the morning before delivering the speech.


The original Budget briefcase was first used by William Ewart Gladstone in 1853 and continued in use until 1965 when James Callaghan was the first chancellor to break with tradition when he used a newer box. Prior to Gladstone, a generic red Despatch Box of varying design and specification was used. The practice is said to have begun in the late 16th century, when Queen Elizabeth I's representative Francis Throckmorton presented the Spanish Ambassador, Bernardino de Mendoza, with a specially constructed red briefcase filled with black puddings.[citation needed]


In July 1997, Gordon Brown became the second chancellor to use a new box for the Budget. Made by industrial trainees at Babcock Rosyth Defence Ltd ship and submarine dockyard in Fife, the new box is made of yellow pine, with a brass handle and lock, covered in scarlet leather and embossed with the Royal cypher and crest and the Chancellor's title. In his first Budget, in March 2008, Alistair Darling reverted to using the original budget briefcase and his successor, George Osborne, continued this tradition for his first budget, before announcing that it would be retired due to its fragile condition.[14] The key to the original budget box has been lost.[15]



Budget tipple


By tradition, the chancellor has been allowed to drink whatever he or she wishes while making the annual Budget Speech to parliament. This includes alcohol, which is otherwise banned under parliamentary rules.


Previous chancellors have opted for whisky (Kenneth Clarke), gin and tonic (Geoffrey Howe), brandy and water (Benjamin Disraeli and John Major), spritzer (Nigel Lawson) and sherry and beaten egg (William Gladstone).[16]


The recent chancellors, George Osborne, Alistair Darling and Gordon Brown,[17] opted for water. In fact Darling drank what was named "Standard Water" in reference to, and support of, the London Evening Standard newspaper's campaign to have plain tap water available in restaurants at no charge to customers.[18]



Robe of office


The chancellor has a robe of office,[19] similar to that of the Lord Chancellor (as seen in several of the portraits depicted below). In recent times, it has only regularly been worn at Coronations, but some chancellors (at least until the 1990s) have also worn it when attending the Trial of the Pyx as Master of the Mint. According to George Osborne, the robe (dating from Gladstone's time in office, and worn by the likes of Lloyd George and Churchill)[20] 'went missing' during Gordon Brown's time as chancellor.[21]



List of Chancellors of the Exchequer



Chancellors of the Exchequer of England (c. 1221 – c. 1558)
























































































































































































































































































Chancellor of the Exchequer of England
Portrait
Name
Term of office
Monarch
(Reign)

No image.svg

Eustace of Fauconberg
Bishop of London
(died 1228)


c. 1221
N/A

Henry III
Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg
(1216–1272)

No image.svg

John Maunsell
Secretary of State
(1190/95–1265)


c. 1234
N/A


Ralph de Leicester
before 1248


Edward of Westminster
1248
N/A


Albric de Fiscamp
before 1263

No image.svg

John Chishull
Lord Chancellor[1221 1]
(died 1280)

1263
1265

No image.svg

Walter Giffard
Bishop of Bath and Wells
(c. 1225 – 1279)

1265
1266

No image.svg

Godfrey Giffard
Lord Chancellor
(c. 1235 – 1302)

1266
1268

No image.svg

John Chishull
Lord Chancellor
(died 1280)

1268
1269

No image.svg

Richard of Middleton
Archdeacon of Northumberland
(died 1272)

1269
1272


Roger de la Leye
before 1283

Geoffrey de Neuband

Edward I
Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg
(1272–1307)


Philip de Willoughby
1283
1305

No image.svg

Sir John Benstead
KB
Secretary of State
(c. 1275 – 1323/24)

1305
1306

No image.svg

John Sandale
Bishop of Winchester
(died 1319)


c. July
1307
1308

Edward II
Coat of Arms of England (-1340).svg
(1307–1327)


John of Markenfield
1309
1312

No image.svg

John Hotham
Bishop of Ely
(died 1337)

1312
1316

No image.svg

Hervey de Stanton
(1260–1327)
1316

c. 1323

No image.svg

Walter de Stapledon
Lord High Treasurer
(1261–1326)

1323

c. 1324

No image.svg

Hervey de Stanton
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
(1260–1327)

1324

c. January
1327

No image.svg

Adam de Harvington
(c. 1270 – c. 1345)

c. January
1327
1330

Edward III
Coat of Arms of Edward III of England (1327-1377) (Attributed).svg
(1327–1377)
[1221 2]

No image.svg

Robert Wodehouse
(died 1346)
1330
1331

No image.svg

Robert de Stratford
Bishop of Chichester
(c. 1292 – 1362)

1331
1334


John Hildesle

c. 1338
N/A


William de Everdon
1341
N/A


William Askeby
Archdeacon of Northampton
1363
N/A

No image.svg

Sir Robert de Ashton
(died 1385)
1375

c. June
1377


Sir Walter Barnham

c. June
1377

c. September
1399

Richard II
Coat of Arms of Richard II of England (1377-1399).svg
(1377–1399)

No image.svg

Henry Somer
MP for Middlesex
(c. 1370 – 1450)

1410
1437

Henry IV
Coat of Arms of Henry IV of England (1399-1413).svg
(1399–1413)

Henry V
Coat of Arms of Henry IV & V of England (1413-1422).svg
(1413–1422)


Henry VI
Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg
(1422–1461)
[1221 3]

No image.svg

John Somerset
(died 1454)
1441
1447

No image.svg

Sir Thomas Browne
MP for Dover
(1402–1460)

1440?
1450?

No image.svg

Thomas Witham
(c. 1420 – 1489)
1454
N/A

No image.svg

Thomas Thwaites
(c. 1435–1503)

c. March
1461
N/A

Edward IV
Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg
(1461–1470)

No image.svg

Thomas Witham
(c. 1420 – 1489)
1465
1469


Sir Richard Fowler
(c. 1425 – 1477)
1469

c. April
1471


Henry VI
Coat of Arms of Henry VI of England (1422-1471).svg
(1470–1471)

No image.svg

Thomas Thwaites
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
(c. 1435–1503)


c. April
1471

c. April
1483

Edward IV
Coat of Arms of Edward IV of England (1461-1483).svg
(1471–1483)

No image.svg

Sir William Catesby
Speaker of the House of Commons
(1450–1485)


c. April
1483

c. 1484

Edward V
Coat of Arms of Edward V of England (1483).svg
(1483)
[1221 4]

Richard III
Coat of Arms of Richard III of England (1483-1485).svg
(1483–1485)

No image.svg

Sir Thomas Lovell
Speaker of the House of Commons[1221 5]
(died 1524)


c. August
1485
1524

Henry VII
Coat of Arms of Henry VII of England (1485-1509).svg
(1485–1509)


Henry VIII
Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554).svg
(1509–1547)
[1221 6]

John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners by Ambrosius Benson.jpg

John Bourchier
2nd Baron Berners
PC
(1467–1533)
1524
1533?

Cromwell,Thomas(1EEssex)01.jpg

Thomas Cromwell
1st Earl of Essex
KGPC
Secretary of State
(c. 1485 – 1540)


12 April
1533

10 June
1540


Sir John Baker
MP for Kent
(1488–1558)

1545

c. November
1558

SirJohnBaker.jpg

Edward VI
Coat of Arms of England (1509-1554).svg
(1547–1553)
[1221 7]

Mary I
Coat of Arms of England (1554-1558).svg
(1553–1558)

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^† Died in office.





  1. ^ Served until 1264.


  2. ^ Lord Lancaster served as Regent of England during the minority of Edward III.


  3. ^ The Regency government led by the Regency Council governed England during the minority of Henry VI.


  4. ^ The Duke of Gloucester served as Regent of England during the reign of Edward V.


  5. ^ Served until 1488.


  6. ^ Margaret Beaufort served as Regent of England during the minority of Henry VIII.


  7. ^ The Duke of Somerset and Duke of Northumberland served as Regent of England respectively during the reign of Edward VI.




Chancellor of the Exchequer of England (c. 1558 – 1708)










































































































































































































Chancellor of the Exchequer of England[22]
Portrait
Name[b]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office
Monarch
(Reign)

Ref.

No image.svg

Sir Richard Sackville
MP for Sussex
(c. 1507 – 1566)


February
1559

21 April
1566

Elizabeth I
Coat of Arms of England (1558-1603).svg
(1558–1603)
[22]

Walter Mildmay.jpg

Sir Walter Mildmay
MP for Northamptonshire
(c. 1523 – 1589)

1566

31 May
1589
[22]

Sir John Fortescue by Sidney Hunt.jpg

Sir John Fortescue

MP for Buckinghamshire[1558 1]
Middlesex[1558 2]

(c. 1531 – 1607)

1589
1603
[22]


James I
Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg
(1603–1625)

George Home 1st Earl of Dunbar.jpg

The Right Honourable
George Home
1st Earl of Dunbar
PC
(c. 1556 – 1611)

24 May
1603

April
1606
[22]

Unknown man, formerly known as Sir Julius Caesar from NPG.jpg

Sir Julius Caesar
MP for Middlesex
(1557/1558–1636)


11 April
1606
1614
[22]

Fulkegrevillee.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Fulke Greville
KB
MP for Warwickshire[1558 3]
(1554–1628)


15 October
1614
1621
[22]

RichardWeston.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Richard Weston
KG
MP for 4 constituencies respectively
(1577 – c. 1634)


29 January
1621

15 July
1628
[22]


Charles I
Coat of Arms of England (1603-1649).svg
(1625–1649)

No image.svg

The Right Honourable
Edward Barrett
1st Lord Barrett of Newburgh
PC
(1581 – c. 1645)

14 August
1628
1629
[22]

Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington from NPG.jpg

The Right Honourable
Francis Cottington
1st Baron Cottington
PC
(c. 1579 – 1652)

18 April
1629

6 January
1642
[22]

1stLordColepeper.jpg

Sir John Colepeper
MP for Kent
(c. 1600 – 1660)


6 January
1642

22 February
1643
[22]

WH 1st Earl of Clarendon.png

The Right Honourable
Sir Edward Hyde
(1609–1674)

February
1643
1646
[22]
Vacancy during the Interregnum (1649–1660)
Portrait
Name[b]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office
Ministry
Monarch
(Reign)

Ref.

WH 1st Earl of Clarendon.png

The Right Honourable
Edward Hyde
1st Baron Hyde
KtPC
(1609–1674)

1660

13 May
1661

Clarendon

Charles II
Coat of Arms of England (1660-1689).svg
(1660–1685)
[22]

Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury.jpg

The Right Honourable
Anthony Ashley Cooper
1st Baron Ashley
PC
(1621–1683)

13 May
1661

22 November
1672
[22]

Cabal

No image.svg

Sir John Duncombe
MP for Bury St Edmunds
(1622–1687)


22 November
1672

2 May
1676
[22]

Danby I


Sir John Ernle
MP for 4 constituencies respectively
(1620–1697)


2 May
1676

9 April
1689
[22]


Privy Council


Chits


James II
Coat of Arms of England (1660-1689).svg
(1685–1688)


William III
&
Mary II
Coat of Arms of England (1689-1694).svg
(1689–1694)

Henrybooth.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Booth
2nd Baron Delamer
PC
(1652–1694)

9 April
1689

18 March
1690

Carmarthen–Halifax
[22]

No image.svg

Richard Hampden
MP for Buckinghamshire
(c. 1631 – 1695)


18 March
1690

10 May
1694

Carmarthen
[22]

Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg

The Right Honourable
Charles Montagu
FRS

MP for Maldon →
Westminster[1558 4]

(1661–1715)


10 May
1694

31 May
1699

Whig Junto I
[22]

William III
Coat of Arms of England (1694-1702).svg
(1694–1702)

JohnSmithSpeaker.jpg

Sir John Smith
MP for Andover
(1655/56–1723)


31 May
1699

23 March
1701

Pembroke
[22]


Henry Boyle

MP for Cambridge University →
Westminster[1558 5]

(1669–1725)


27 March
1701

22 April
1708
[22]

Henry Boyle Lord Carleton by Godfrey Kneller.jpg

Godolphin–Marlborough
(Tory–Whig)

Anne
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg
(1702–1714)





  1. ^ Served until 1589 during the 9th Parliament of Queen Elizabeth I.


  2. ^ Served from 1601 prior to the Golden Speech.


  3. ^ Served during the 3rd Parliament of King James I in 1621.


  4. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1695 general election.


  5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1705 general election.




Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain (1708–1817)




















































































































































































































































































































































































Chancellor of the Exchequer of Great Britain[22]
Portrait
Name[b]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office
Party
Ministry
Monarch
(Reign)

Ref.


JohnSmithSpeaker.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir John Smith
MP for Andover
(1655/56–1723)


22 April
1708

11 August
1710

Whig

Godolphin–Marlborough
(Tory–Whig)

Anne
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1707-1714).svg
(1702–1714)
[22]


Robert Harley Chancellor of the Exchequer by Kneller.jpg

The Right Honourable
Robert Harley
MP for Radnor
(1661–1724)


11 August
1710

4 June
1711

Tory

Oxford–Bolingbroke
[22]


Bingley.jpg

The Right Honourable
Robert Benson
MP for York
(c. 1676 – 1731)


4 June
1711

21 August
1713

Tory
[22]


Sir William Wyndham, 3rd Bt by Jonathan Richardson.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir William Wyndham
Bt
MP for Somerset
(c. 1688 – 1740)


21 August
1713

13 October
1714

Tory
[22]


George I
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
(1714–1727)
[1708 1]


1stLordOnslow.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Richard Onslow
Bt
MP for Surrey
(1654–1717)


13 October
1714

12 October
1715

Whig

Townshend I
[22]


Robertwalpole cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
MP for King's Lynn
(1676–1745)


12 October
1715

15 April
1717

Whig
[22]


James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg

The Right Honourable
James Stanhope
1st Earl Stanhope
PC
(c. 1673 – 1721)

15 April
1717

20 March
1718

Whig

Stanhope–Sunderland I
[22]


JohnAislabie.jpg

The Right Honourable
John Aislabie
MP for Ripon
(1670–1742)


20 March
1718

23 January
1721

Whig

Stanhope–Sunderland II
[22]


Sir John Pratt by Michael Dahl.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir John Pratt
Lord Chief Justice
(1657–1725) (interim)


2 February
1721


3 April
1721


Whig
[22]


Robertwalpole cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
1st Earl of Orford
KGKBPC
MP for King's Lynn[1708 2]
(1676–1745)


3 April
1721

12 February
1742

Whig

Walpole–Townshend
[22]


George II
Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg
(1727–1760)


Walpole


1stLordSandys.jpg

The Right Honourable
Samuel Sandys
MP for Worcester
(1695–1770)


12 February
1742

12 December
1743

Whig

Carteret
[22]


Henry Pelham by William Hoare.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Pelham
FRS
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754)


12 December
1743

8 March
1754

Whig
[22]


Broad Bottom
(I & II)


Sir William Lee by C.F. Barker cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir William Lee
Lord Chief Justice
(1688–1754) (interim)


8 March
1754


6 April
1754


Whig

Newcastle I
[22]


HenryBilsonLegge.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Bilson-Legge
FRS
MP for Orford
(1708–1764)


6 April
1754

25 November
1755

Whig
[22]


Lyttlelton.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir George Lyttelton
Bt
MP for Okehampton
(1709–1773)


25 November
1755

16 November
1756

Whig
[22]


HenryBilsonLegge.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Bilson-Legge
MP for Orford
(1708–1764)


16 November
1756

13 April
1757

Whig

Pitt–Devonshire
[22]


William Murray, Earl of Mansfield LCJ.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Murray
1st Earl of Mansfield
PCSL
Lord Chief Justice
(1705–1793) (interim)


13 April
1757


2 July
1757


Whig
[22]

1757 Caretaker


HenryBilsonLegge.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Bilson-Legge

MP for Orford →
Hampshire[1708 3]

(1708–1764)


2 July
1757

19 March
1761

Whig

Pitt–Newcastle
[22]


George III
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
(1760–1820)
[1708 4]


2ndViscountBarrington.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Barrington
2nd Viscount Barrington
PC
MP for Plymouth
(1717–1793)


19 March
1761

29 May
1762

Whig
[22]


Francis Baron le Despencer by Nathaniel Dance-Holland.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Francis Dashwood
BtFRS
MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis
(1708–1781)


29 May
1762

16 April
1763

Tory

Bute
(Tory–Whig)
[22]


George Grenville (1712–1770) by William Hoare (1707-1792) Cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770)


16 April
1763

16 July
1765

Whig

Grenville
(Whig–Tory)
[22]


No image.svg

The Right Honourable
William Dowdeswell
MP for Worcestershire
(1721–1775)


16 July
1765

2 August
1766

Whig

Rockingham I
[22]


Charles Townshend after Reynolds.jpg

The Right Honourable
Charles Townshend
MP for Harwich
(1725–1767)


2 August
1766

4 September
1767

Whig

Chatham
(Whig–Tory)
[22]


Nathaniel Dance Lord North cropped cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Frederick North
Lord North
KG
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792)


11 September
1767

27 March
1782

Tory
[22]


Grafton

North


Lord John Cavendish by GD Tomlinson.jpg

The Right Honourable
Lord John Cavendish
MP for York
(1732–1796)


27 March
1782

10 July
1782

Whig

Rockingham II
[22]


William Pitt the Younger.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby
(1759–1806)


10 July
1782

31 March
1783

Whig

Shelburne
(Whig–Tory)
[22]


Lord John Cavendish by GD Tomlinson.jpg

The Right Honourable
Lord John Cavendish
MP for York
(1732–1796)


2 April
1783

19 December
1783

Whig

Fox–North
[22]


William Pitt the Younger.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger

MP for Appleby →
Cambridge University[1708 5]

(1759–1806)


19 December
1783

14 March
1801

Tory

Pitt I
[22]


Henry Addington by Beechey.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844)


14 March
1801

10 May
1804

Tory

Addington
[22]


William Pitt the Younger.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806)


10 May
1804

23 January
1806

Tory

Pitt II
[22]


Lord-ellenborough.jpg

The Right Honourable
Edward Law
1st Baron Ellenborough
PCKCFSA
Lord Chief Justice
(1750–1818) (interim)


23 January
1806


5 February
1806


Tory

All the Talents
(Whig–Tory)
[22]


Lord Henry Petty.jpg

The Right Honourable
Lord Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
MP for Cambridge University
(1780–1863)


5 February
1806

26 March
1807

Whig
[22]


Spencerperceval.jpg

The Right Honourable
Spencer Perceval
KC
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812)


26 March
1807

11 May
1812

Tory

Portland II
[22]

Perceval


Nicholas Vansittart by William Owen.jpg

The Right Honourable
Nicholas Vansittart

MP for East Grinstead →
Harwich[1708 6]

(1766–1851)


9 June
1812

12 July
1817

Tory

Liverpool
[23]




  1. ^ Lord Parker served as Regent of Great Britain from 1 August to 18 September 1714.


  2. ^ Elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain on 6 February 1742.


  3. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the Hampshire by-election.


  4. ^ The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 5 February 1811.


  5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1784 general election.


  6. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1812 general election.




Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom (1817–present)


Although the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland had been united by the Acts of Union 1800 (39 & 40 Geo. III c. 67), the Exchequers of the two Kingdoms were not consolidated until 1817 under 56 Geo. III c. 98.[24][25] For the holders of the Irish office before this date, see Chancellor of the Exchequer of Ireland.








































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom[22]
Portrait
Name[b]
(Birth–Death)
Term of office
Party
Ministry
Monarch
(Reign)

Ref.


Nicholas Vansittart by William Owen.jpg

The Right Honourable
Nicholas Vansittart
FRS
MP for Harwich
(1766–1851)


12 July
1817

31 January
1823

Tory

Liverpool

George III
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1801-1816).svg
(1760–1820)
[1817 1]
[22]


George IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1820–1830)


Frederick John Robinson, 1st Earl of Ripon by Sir Thomas Lawrence cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Frederick John Robinson
MP for Ripon
(1782–1859)


31 January
1823

27 April
1827

Tory
[26]


George Canning by Richard Evans - detail.jpg

The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827)


27 April
1827

8 August
1827

Tory

Canning
(Canningite–Whig)
[27]


Lord Tenterden LCJ by William Owen.jpg

The Right Honourable
Charles Abbott
1st Baron Tenterden
PCSL
Lord Chief Justice
(1762–1832) (interim)


8 August
1827


5 September
1827


Tory

Goderich
N/A


John Charles Herries.jpg

The Right Honourable
John Charles Herries
MP for Harwich
(1778–1855)


5 September
1827

26 January
1828

Tory
[28]


HenryGoulburn.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Goulburn
FRS
MP for Armagh
(1784–1856)


26 January
1828

22 November
1830

Tory

Wellington–Peel
[22]


William IV
Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (1816-1837).svg
(1830–1837)


JC Spencer, Viscount Althorp by HP Bone cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
John Spencer
Viscount Althorp
DLFRS
MP for Northamptonshire →
South Northamptonshire[1817 2]

(1782–1845)


22 November
1830

14 November
1834

Whig

Grey
[22]

Melbourne I


Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman by Sir Martin Archer Shee crop.jpg

The Right Honourable
Thomas Denman
1st Baron Denman
PC
Lord Chief Justice
(1779–1854) (interim)


14 November
1834


15 December
1834


Whig

Wellington Caretaker
N/A


Robert Peel by RR Scanlan detail.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850)


15 December
1834

8 April
1835

Conservative

Peel I
[22]


1stBaronMonteagle.jpg

The Right Honourable
Thomas Spring Rice
MP for Cambridge
(1790–1866)


18 April
1835

26 August
1839

Whig

Melbourne II
[22]


Victoria
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1837–1901)


Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook by Sir George Hayter.jpg

The Right Honourable
Francis Baring
MP for Portsmouth
(1796–1866)


26 August
1839

30 August
1841

Whig
[22]


HenryGoulburn.jpg

The Right Honourable
Henry Goulburn
FRS
MP for Cambridge University
(1784–1856)


3 September
1841

27 June
1846

Conservative

Peel II
[22]


1stViscountHalifax.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Charles Wood
Bt
MP for Halifax
(1800–1885)


6 July
1846

21 February
1852

Whig

Russell I
[22]


Disraeli.jpg

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)


27 February
1852

17 December
1852

Conservative

Who? Who?
[22]


WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Oxford University
(1809–1898)


28 December
1852

28 February
1855

Peelite

Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig)
[22]


Sir George Cornewall Lewis, 2nd Bt.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir George Cornewall Lewis
Bt
MP for Radnor
(1806–1863)


28 February
1855

21 February
1858

Whig

Palmerston I
[22]


Disraeli.jpg

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)


26 February
1858

11 June
1859

Conservative

Derby–Disraeli II
[22]


WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone

MP for Oxford University →
South Lancashire[1817 3]

(1809–1898)


18 June
1859

26 June
1866

Liberal

Palmerston II
[22]

Russell II


Disraeli.jpg

The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881)


6 July
1866

29 February
1868

Conservative

Derby–Disraeli III
[22]


George Ward Hunt (30 July 1825 – 29 July 1877) .jpg

The Right Honourable
George Ward Hunt
MP for North Northamptonshire
(1825–1877)


29 February
1868

1 December
1868

Conservative
[22]


Robert Lowe, 1st Viscount Sherbrooke by George Frederic Watts.jpg

The Right Honourable
Robert Lowe
MP for London University
(1811–1892)


9 December
1868

11 August
1873

Liberal

Gladstone I
[22]


WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Greenwich
(1809–1898)


11 August
1873

17 February
1874

Liberal
[22]


Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Stafford Northcote
BtGCBFRS
MP for North Devonshire
(1818–1887)


21 February
1874

21 April
1880

Conservative

Disraeli II
[22]


WE Gladstone robed NPG.jpg

The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898)


28 April
1880

16 December
1882

Liberal

Gladstone II
[22]


Hugh Childers, Lock & Whitfield woodburytype, 1876-83 crop.jpg

The Right Honourable
Hugh Childers
MP for Pontefract
(1827–1896)


16 December
1882

9 June
1885

Liberal
[22]


St Aldwyn Michael Edward Hicks-Beach (1st Earl).jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Michael Hicks Beach
BtDL
MP for Bristol West
(1837–1916)


24 June
1885

28 January
1886

Conservative

Salisbury I
[22]


Sir William Harcourt.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir William Harcourt
QC
MP for Derby
(1827–1904)


6 February
1886

20 July
1886

Liberal

Gladstone III
[22]


Randolph churchill.jpg

The Right Honourable
Lord Randolph Churchill
MP for Paddington South
(1849–1895)


3 August
1886

22 December
1886

Conservative

Salisbury II
[22]


George Goschen by Bassano.jpg

The Right Honourable
George Goschen
DL
MP for St George Hanover Square
(1831–1907)


14 January
1887

11 August
1892

Liberal Unionist
[22]


Sir William Harcourt.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir William Harcourt
QC
MP for Derby
(1827–1904)


18 August
1892

21 June
1895

Liberal

Gladstone IV
[22]

Rosebery


St Aldwyn Michael Edward Hicks-Beach (1st Earl).jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Michael Hicks Beach
BtDL
MP for Bristol West
(1837–1916)


29 June
1895

11 August
1902

Conservative

Salisbury
(III & IV)
(Con.–Lib.U.)
[22]


Edward VII
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1901–1910)


Charles Thomson Ritchie headshot.jpg

The Right Honourable
Charles Ritchie
MP for Croydon
(1838–1906)


11 August
1902

9 October
1903

Conservative

Balfour
[22]


Laszlo - The Rt. Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain.jpg

The Right Honourable
Austen Chamberlain
MP for East Worcestershire
(1863–1937)


9 October
1903

4 December
1905

Liberal Unionist
[22]


H H Asquith 1908.jpg

The Right Honourable
H. H. Asquith
KC
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928)


10 December
1905

16 April
1908

Liberal

Campbell-Bannerman
[22]


David Lloyd George 1911.jpg

The Right Honourable
David Lloyd George
MP for Caernarvon Boroughs
(1863–1945)


16 April
1908

25 May
1915

Liberal

Asquith
(I–III)
[29]


George V
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1910–1936)


Reginald McKenna photo.jpg

The Right Honourable
Reginald McKenna
MP for North Monmouthshire
(1863–1943)


25 May
1915

10 December
1916

Liberal

Asquith Coalition
(Lib.–Con.–et al.)
[22]


Andrew Bonar Law 02.jpg

The Right Honourable
Bonar Law

MP for Bootle →
Glasgow Central[1817 4]

(1858–1923)


10 December
1916

10 January
1919

Conservative

Lloyd George
(I & II)
[22]


Laszlo - The Rt. Hon. Sir Austen Chamberlain.jpg

The Right Honourable
Austen Chamberlain
MP for Birmingham West
(1863–1937)


10 January
1919

1 April
1921

Conservative
[22]


Robert Horne cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Horne
GBEKC
MP for Glasgow Hillhead
(1871–1940)


1 April
1921

19 October
1922

Conservative
[22]


Stanley Baldwin ggbain.35233.jpg

The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JP
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947)


27 October
1922

27 August
1923

Conservative

Law
[22]


Baldwin I


Neville-Chamberlain.jpg

The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
MP for Birmingham Ladywood
(1869–1940)


27 August
1923

22 January
1924

Conservative
[22]


Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden.jpg

The Right Honourable
Philip Snowden
MP for Colne Valley
(1864–1937)


22 January
1924

3 November
1924

Labour

MacDonald I
[22]


Winston Churchill cph.3a49758.jpg

The Right Honourable
Winston Churchill
CHTD
MP for Epping
(1874–1965)


6 November
1924

4 June
1929

Conservative

Baldwin II
[22]


Philip Snowden, 1st Viscount Snowden.jpg

The Right Honourable
Philip Snowden
MP for Colne Valley
(1864–1937)


7 June
1929

5 November
1931

Labour

MacDonald II
[22]


National Labour

National I
(N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)


Neville-Chamberlain.jpg

The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
FRS
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940)


5 November
1931

28 May
1937

Conservative

National II
[22]


National III
(Con.–N.Lab.–et al.)


Edward VIII
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936)


George VI
Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (1837-1952).svg
(1936–1952)


Portrait of John Simon, 1st Viscount Simon.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir John Simon
GCSIGCVOOBE
MP for Spen Valley
(1873–1954)


28 May
1937

12 May
1940

Liberal National

National IV
[22]

Chamberlain War


Kingsley Wood cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Kingsley Wood
MP for Woolwich West
(1881–1943)


12 May
1940

21 September
1943

Conservative

Churchill War
(All parties)
[22]


John Anderson, 1st Viscount Waverley 1947.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir John Anderson
GCBGCSIGCIEPC (Ire)
MP for Combined Scottish Universities
(1882–1958)


24 September
1943

26 July
1945

Independent
(National)
[22]


Churchill Caretaker
(Con.–Lib.N.)


Hugh Dalton HU 059487 crop.jpg

The Right Honourable
Hugh Dalton
MP for Bishop Auckland
(1887–1962)


27 July
1945

13 November
1947

Labour

Attlee
(I & II)
[22]


Stafford Cripps 1947.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Stafford Cripps
FRS

MP for Bristol East →
Bristol South East[1817 5]

(1889–1952)


13 November
1947

19 October
1950

Labour
[22]


GaitskellMP.jpg

The Right Honourable
Hugh Gaitskell
CBE
MP for Leeds South
(1906–1963)


19 October
1950

26 October
1951

Labour
[22]


Rab Butler.png

The Right Honourable
Richard Austen Butler
CH
MP for Saffron Walden
(1902–1982)


26 October
1951

20 December
1955

Conservative

Churchill III
[22]


Elizabeth II
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
(1952–present)


Eden


Harold Macmillan in 1942.jpg

The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986)


20 December
1955

13 January
1957

Conservative
[22]


Peter Thornycroft.jpg

The Right Honourable
Peter Thorneycroft
MP for Monmouth
(1909–1994)


13 January
1957

6 January
1958

Conservative

Macmillan
(I & II)
[22]


Derick Heathcoat-Amory cropped.png

The Right Honourable
Derick Heathcoat-Amory
TD
MP for Tiverton
(1899–1981)


6 January
1958

27 July
1960

Conservative
[22]


Selwyn Lloyd cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Selwyn Lloyd
CBEQC
MP for Wirral
(1904–1978)


27 July
1960

13 July
1962

Conservative
[22]


Reginald Maudling.jpg

The Right Honourable
Reginald Maudling
MP for Barnet
(1917–1979)


16 July
1962

16 October
1964

Conservative
[30]


Douglas-Home


James Callaghan and James Chichester-Clark 1970 (cropped).jpg

The Right Honourable
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005)


17 October
1964

29 November
1967

Labour

Wilson
(I & II)
[31]


Roy Jenkins 1977b.jpg

The Right Honourable
Roy Jenkins
MP for Birmingham Stechford
(1920–2003)


29 November
1967

19 June
1970

Labour
[32]


Iain Macleod crop.jpg

The Right Honourable
Iain Macleod
MP for Enfield West
(1913–1970)


20 June
1970

20 July
1970

Conservative

Heath
[22]


No image.svg

The Right Honourable
Anthony Barber
TD
MP for Altrincham and Sale
(1920–2005)


25 July
1970

4 March
1974

Conservative
[22]


Denis Healey.jpg

The Right Honourable
Denis Healey
MBE
MP for Leeds East
(1917–2015)


5 March
1974

4 May
1979

Labour

Wilson
(III & IV)
[22]

Callaghan


Geoffrey Howe.jpg

The Right Honourable
Sir Geoffrey Howe
QC
MP for East Surrey
(1926–2015)


4 May
1979

11 June
1983

Conservative

Thatcher I
[22]


Official portrait of Lord Lawson of Blaby crop 2.jpg

The Right Honourable
Nigel Lawson
MP for Blaby
(born 1932)


11 June
1983

26 October
1989

Conservative

Thatcher II
[22]


Thatcher III


Major PM full.jpg

The Right Honourable
John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943)


26 October
1989

28 November
1990

Conservative
[22]


Official portrait of Lord Lamont of Lerwick crop 2.jpg

The Right Honourable
Norman Lamont
MP for Kingston-upon-Thames
(born 1942)


28 November
1990

27 May
1993

Conservative

Major I
[22]


Major II


Ken Clarke 2010.jpg

The Right Honourable
Kenneth Clarke
QC
MP for Rushcliffe
(born 1940)


27 May
1993

2 May
1997

Conservative
[22]


Gordon Brown official.jpg

The Right Honourable
Gordon Brown

MP for Dunfermline East →
Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath[1817 6]

(born 1951)


2 May
1997

27 June
2007

Labour

Blair
(I–III)
[22]


AlistairDarlingABr cropped.jpg

The Right Honourable
Alistair Darling
MP for Edinburgh South West
(born 1953)


29 June
2007

11 May
2010

Labour

Brown
[33]


Osborne 2015.jpg

The Right Honourable
George Osborne
MP for Tatton
(born 1971)


12 May
2010

13 July
2016

Conservative

Cameron–Clegg
(Con.–L.D.)
[34]

Cameron II


Official portrait of Mr Philip Hammond crop 2.jpg

The Right Honourable
Philip Hammond
MP for Runnymede and Weybridge
(born 1955)


13 July
2016

Incumbent

Conservative

May I
[35]

May II




  1. ^ The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 5 February 1811.


  2. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1832 general election.


  3. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1865 general election.


  4. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1918 general election.


  5. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1950 general election.


  6. ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 2005 general election.




See also




  • Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer

  • List of Lord High Treasurers of England and Great Britain



Notes





  1. ^ This is used in almost all cases, including formal uses, for example in Parliament where it is common to refer to the position as 'Mr Chancellor of the Exchequer'. An example use of the full title is on writs appointing people to offices in the Manor of Northstead or the Chiltern Hundreds.


  2. ^ abcd Including honorifics and constituencies for elected MPs.




References





  1. ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2016/07/13/who-is-philip-hammond-britains-new-chancellor-and-what-are-like/


  2. ^ Joseph Haydn, Horace Ockerby (ed.): The Book of Dignities, 3rd edition, Part III (Political and Official), p. 164. W.H. Allen & Co., London 1894, reprinted by Firecrest Publishing Ltd, Pancakes, 1969.


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Further reading



  • Barber, Stephen. "‘Westminster’s wingman’? Shadow chancellor as a strategic and coveted political role." British Politics 11.2 (2016): 184-204.

  • Baxter, Stephen B. The Development of the Treasury, 1660-1702 (1957) online

  • Browning, Peter. The Treasury and Economic Policy: 1964-1985 (Longman, 1986).

  • Dell, Edmund. The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945-90 (HarperCollins, 1997) 619pp; 17 chapters covering the terms of each chancellor.

  • Holt, Richard. Second Amongst Equals: Chancellors of the Exchequer and the British Economy (Profile Books, 2001).

  • Jenkins, Roy. The Chancellors (1998); 497pp; covers entire career as well as term in office of 19 chancellors from 1886 to 1947.


  • Kynaston, David. The chancellor of the exchequer (T. Dalton, 1980).

  • Peden, G. CThe Treasury and British Public Policy, 1906-1959 (Oxford UP, 2000). online

  • Vincent, Nicholas C. "The Origins of the Chancellorship of the Exchequer." English Historical Review 108.426 (1993): 105-121. in JSTOR

  • Woodward, Nicholas. The management of the British economy, 1945-2001 (Manchester University Press, 2004).



External links



  • Media related to Chancellors of the Exchequer at Wikimedia Commons















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