Egftnjytyk

The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington KG GCMG CH MC PC DL
Carrington in 1984
Father of the House of Lords
In office 22 February 2007 – 9 July 2018
Preceded by	The Earl Jellicoe
Succeeded by	The Lord Denham
6th Secretary General of NATO
In office 25 June 1984 – 1 July 1988
Preceded by	Joseph Luns
Succeeded by	Manfred Wörner
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
In office 4 May 1979 – 5 April 1982
Prime Minister	Margaret Thatcher
Preceded by	David Owen
Succeeded by	Francis Pym
Other ministerial offices Shadow Leader of the House of Lords In office 4 March 1974 – 4 May 1979 Leader Edward Heath Margaret Thatcher Preceded by The Lord Shackleton Succeeded by The Lord Peart In office 16 October 1964 – 20 June 1970 Leader Sir Alec Douglas-Home Edward Heath Preceded by The Earl Alexander of Hillsborough Succeeded by The Lord Shackleton Secretary of State for Energy In office 8 January 1974 – 4 March 1974 Prime Minister Edward Heath Preceded by Position established Succeeded by Eric Varley Secretary of State for Defence In office 20 June 1970 – 8 January 1974 Prime Minister Edward Heath Preceded by Denis Healey Succeeded by Ian Gilmour Chairman of the Conservative Party In office 7 April 1972 – 4 March 1974 Leader Edward Heath Preceded by Peter Thomas Succeeded by William Whitelaw Leader of the House of Lords In office 20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964 Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home Preceded by The Viscount Hailsham Succeeded by The Earl of Longford Minister without Portfolio In office 20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964 Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home Preceded by Bill Deedes Succeeded by George Thomson First Lord of the Admiralty In office 14 October 1959 – 20 October 1963 Prime Minister Harold Macmillan Preceded by The Earl of Selkirk Succeeded by The Earl Jellicoe High Commissioner to Australia In office 26 May 1956 – 14 October 1959 Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan Preceded by Stephen Holmes Succeeded by Sir William Oliver Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Defence In office 18 October 1954 – 26 May 1956 Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill Sir Anthony Eden Preceded by Nigel Birch Succeeded by The Earl of Gosford Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture and Food In office 5 November 1951 – 18 October 1954 Serving with Richard Nugent Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill Preceded by The Earl of Listowel Arthur Champion Succeeded by Richard Nugent The Earl St Aldwyn
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal
Life peerage 17 November 1999 – 9 July 2018
Hereditary peerage 9 October 1945 – 11 November 1999
Preceded by	The 5th Baron Carrington
Succeeded by	Seat abolished (House of Lords Act 1999)
Personal details
Born	Peter Alexander Rupert Carington (1919-06-06)6 June 1919 Chelsea, London, England
Died	9 July 2018(2018-07-09) (aged 99)
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Iona McClean (m. 1942; died 2009)
Children	3, including Rupert
Parents	Rupert Carington, 5th Baron Carrington Sybil Marion Colville
Alma mater	Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Military service
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1939–1949 (inactive from 1945)
Rank	Major
Unit	Grenadier Guards
Battles/wars	Second World War
Awards	Military Cross

Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, KG, GCMG, CH, MC, PC, DL (6 June 1919 – 9 July 2018) was a British Conservative politician and hereditary peer who served as Defence Secretary from 1970 to 1974, Foreign Secretary from 1979 to 1982, chairman of British General Electric Company from 1983 to 1984, and Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988. Before his death in 2018, he was the last surviving member of the 1951–55 government of Winston Churchill, the Eden government, and the Macmillan government, as well as of the cabinets of Alec Douglas-Home and Edward Heath. Following the House of Lords Act 1999, which removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, Carrington was created a life peer as Baron Carington of Upton.

Carrington was Foreign Secretary in 1982 when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands. He took full responsibility for the failure of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to foresee this and resigned. As NATO Secretary General, he helped prevent a war between Greece and Turkey during the 1987 Aegean crisis.^[1]

Background and education and military career

The surname "Carington" (with one "r") was adopted by royal licence dated 1839 by his direct male ancestor Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington, in lieu of Smith. The latter's father Robert Smith, MP for Nottingham, was created Baron Carrington (with two "r"s) in 1796 (Peerage of Ireland) and 1797 (Peerage of Great Britain).^[2]

Born in Chelsea on 6 June 1919,^[3][4] Peter Carington was the only son of the 5th Baron Carrington by his wife, the Hon. Sybil Marion Colville, a daughter of Charles Colville, 2nd Viscount Colville of Culross.^[5] He was a great-nephew of the Liberal statesman Charles Wynn-Carington, 1st Marquess of Lincolnshire, and also of politician and courtier the Hon. Sir William Carington.^[6] Brought up as a small child at the Millaton House in Devon,^[7] he was educated at two independent schools: Sandroyd School^[8] from 1928 to 1932, based at the time in the town of Cobham, Surrey (now the site of Reed's School), and Eton College.

Military service

Having trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Carrington was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards as a second lieutenant on 26 January 1939.^[9] He served with the regiment during the Second World War. He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 January 1941,^[10] and later rose to the rank of temporary captain^[11] and acting major. He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 1 March 1945 "in recognition of gallant and distinguished services in North West Europe".^[12][11] After the war, Carrington remained in the army until 1949.^[13]

Political career 1946–1982

In 1938, Carrington succeeded his father as 6th Baron Carrington. Although he became eligible to take his seat in the House of Lords on his 21st birthday in 1940, he was on active service at the time, and did not do so until 9 October 1945.^[14] After leaving the Army, he became involved in politics and served in the Conservative governments of Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Agriculture and Food from November 1951 to October 1954. During the Crichel Down affair, which led to the resignation of Minister Thomas Dugdale, Carrington tendered his resignation, which was refused by the Prime Minister. Carrington then became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Defence from October 1954 to October 1956. The latter year he was appointed High Commissioner to Australia, a post he held until October 1959. He was also appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire on 2 July 1951.^[15] He became a Privy Counsellor in 1959.^[16]

A stone set by Lord Carrington while High Commissioner to Australia, at All Saints' Church, Canberra

After his return to Britain he served under Harold Macmillan as First Lord of the Admiralty until October 1963,^[17] and was then Minister without Portfolio and Leader of the House of Lords under Alec Douglas-Home until October 1964, when the Conservatives fell from power. From 1964 to 1970 he was Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords. When the Conservatives returned to power in 1970 under Edward Heath, Carrington became Defence Secretary, where he remained until 1974 when the Conservatives were voted out in favour of Harold Wilson's Labour. In a 1977 letter discussing the policy of torture of Irish republican internees during Operation Demetrius in August 1971, the then Home Secretary Merlyn Rees attributed the origins of the policy in particular to Carrington: '"It is my view (confirmed by Brian Faulkner before his death [NI's prime minister at the time]) that the decision to use methods of torture in Northern Ireland in 1971/72 was taken by ministers – in particular Lord Carrington, then secretary of state for defence."^[18][19]

Carrington had become Shadow Defence Secretary in 1968 after Enoch Powell was dismissed from the position following his controversial Rivers of Blood speech on immigration.^[20] He also served as Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1972 to 1974, and was briefly Secretary of State for Energy from January to March 1974.

Carrington (then Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs) and Alexander Haig (then US Secretary of State) meet during a state visit by Margaret Thatcher to the United States (Feb. 1981)

Carrington was again Leader of the Opposition in the House of Lords from 1974 to 1979. In 1979 he was made Foreign Secretary and Minister for Overseas Development as part of the first Cabinet of Margaret Thatcher. Thatcher spoke very highly of Carrington, stating that "Peter had great panache and the ability to identify immediately the main points in any argument; and he could express himself in pungent terms. We had disagreements, but there were never any hard feelings."^[21]

Carrington chaired the Lancaster House conference in 1979, attended by Ian Smith, Abel Muzorewa, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo, and Josiah Tongogara, which brought to an end Rhodesia's Bush War. He later expressed his support for Mugabe over Smith.^[22]

Carrington was Foreign Secretary when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands on 2 April, 1982. He resigned from the position on 5 April, taking full responsibility for the complacency of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in its failure to foresee this development^[23] and for the misleading signals sent by the Foreign Office on British intentions for retaining control over the Falklands.^[24] In her autobiography, Margaret Thatcher was later to express her sorrow at his departure.^[25]
Since his resignation, no other member of the House of Lords has held any of the four Great Offices of State.^[26]

Later life and death

Lord Carrington then served as Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988. He was also appointed Chancellor of the Order of St Michael and St George on 1 August 1984,^[27] serving until June 1994.^[28]

In 1991, he presided over diplomatic talks about the breakup of Yugoslavia and attempted to pass a plan that would end the wars and result in each republic becoming an independent nation.^[29]

Apart from his political posts, he was the Chancellor of the University of Reading and served as chairman of several companies, including Christie's, and as a director of many others, including Barclays Bank, Schweppes and the Daily Telegraph. He also chaired the Bilderberg conferences from 1990 to 1998, being succeeded in 1999 by Étienne Davignon.^[30] From 1983 to 2002, he was president of the Pilgrims Society.^[31][32] He was appointed Chancellor of the Order of the Garter on 8 November 1994,^[33] a role from which he retired in October 2012.^[34]

After the House of Lords Act 1999 removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, Carrington, along with all former Leaders of the House of Lords, was given a life peerage on 17 November 1999 as Baron Carington of Upton, of Upton in the County of Nottinghamshire.^[35] He was the longest-serving member of the House of Lords, and following the retirement of Lord Barber of Tewkesbury in 2016, had been the oldest. He was the second longest-serving member of the Privy Council after the Duke of Edinburgh. He died on 9 July 2018, aged 99, of natural causes.^[36][37][3]

Family

Lord Carrington married Iona McClean (19 March 1920 – 7 June 2009), daughter of Lt.-Colonel Sir Francis Kennedy McClean AFC, on 25 April 1942. They had three children:

• The Hon. Alexandra Carington DL (Norfolk) (born 1943); married Major Peter de Bunsen in 1965, becoming the Hon. Mrs de Bunsen. They have three children:

• Victoria de Bunsen (born 1968)


• Charles Rupert de Bunsen (born 1970)


• James Peter de Bunsen (born 1973)

• The Hon. Virginia Carington LVO (born 1946); married Henry Cubitt, 4th Baron Ashcombe, in 1973, becoming Lady Ashcombe. The couple divorced in 1979.^[38]
  


• 
  Rupert Francis John Carington, 7th Baron Carrington, DL (Buckinghamshire) (born 1948); married Daniela Diotallevi in 1989. They have three children:^[39]
  

• Hon. Robert Carington (born 1990, heir apparent)


• Hon. Francesca Carington (born 1993)


• Hon. Isabella Iona Carington (born 1995)

NATO Secretary General Lord Carrington with West German Foreign Minister Genscher in Bonn, 1984

Lord Carrington's wife, Lady Carrington, died on 7 June 2009, aged 89.^[40]

In popular culture

Carrington was a guest on BBC Radio 4's long-running programme Desert Island Discs in 1975^[41] and on the same station's A Good Read in 2004.^[42]

In February 1982 Carrington was portrayed by Rowan Atkinson in a Not the Nine O'Clock News parody of Question Time, pedantically discussing an imminent nuclear holocaust.^[43][44][45]

Carrington was portrayed by James Fox in the 2002 BBC production of Ian Curteis's The Falklands Play.^[46]
He was also briefly portrayed by James Smith in the 2011 film The Iron Lady,^[47] and by Jeff Rawle in the 2014 play Handbagged.^[48]

Titles, styles, honours, and arms

Titles and styles

• 
  6 June 1919 – 11 November 1929: Mr Peter Carington


• 
  11 November 1929 – 19 November 1938: The Honourable Peter Carington


• 
  19 November 1938 – 1945: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington


• 
  1945–1951: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington MC
  


• 
  1951–1956: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington MC DL
  


• 
  1956–1958: His Excellency The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington MC DL
  


• 
  1958–1959: His Excellency The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington KCMG MC DL
  


• 
  1959–1983: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington KCMG MC PC DL
  


• 
  1983–1985: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington CH KCMG MC PC DL
  


• 
  1985–1988: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington KG CH KCMG MC PC DL
  


• 
  1988–2018: The Right Honourable The Lord Carrington KG GCMG CH MC PC DL
  

Honours

Lord Carrington, as Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, in procession to St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle in 2006

• 
  Military Cross, 1945


• 
  Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (KCMG), 1958^[49]
  


• Lord of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, 1959


• 
  Companion of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH), 1983^[50]
  


• 
  Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG), 1985;^[51] Chancellor of the Order from 1994^[33] until 2012.


• 
  Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (GCMG), 1988^[52] Chancellor of the Order 1984–94^[27][53]
  


• 
  Life peerage, as Baron Carington of Upton, 1999^[35]
  


• 
  Presidential Medal of Freedom, 1988^[54]
  


• Freedom of the City of London

Honorary degrees

• 
  University of Cambridge (LL.D) in 1981.^[55]
  


• 
  University of Essex (DUniv) in 1983.^[56]
  


• 
  University of Reading (DLitt) in December 1989.^[57][58]
  


• 
  Harvard University (LLD) in 1986.^[59]
  


• 
  University of Nottingham (LLD) in 1993.^[60]
  


• 
  University of Newcastle upon Tyne (DCL) 14 December 1998.^[61]
  


• 
  University of Oxford (DCL) 21 November 2003.^[62]
  

Arms

Coat of arms of Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington

Notes 6th Baron Carrington since 1938 Coronet A coronet of a Baron Crest An elephant's head erased or eared gules charged on the neck with three fleurs-de-lis, two and one azure. Torse Mantling:Or and sable. Escutcheon Or, a chevron cotised between three demi-griffins couped those in chief respectant sable.[63][64] Supporters Two griffins wings elevated sable, the dexter charged on the body with three fleurs-de-lis palewise or and the sinister with three trefoils slipped palewise of the last.[65] Motto TENAX ET FIDELIS Latin: Tenacious and faithful Orders The Order of the Garter circlet.[66] Banner The banner of the Baron Carrington's arms as knight of the Garter

Ancestry

References

Bibliography

• 
  Reflect on Things Past – The Memoirs of Lord Carrington. Published by William Collins, 1988.^[1]
  

External links

• 
  Announcement of his taking the oath under his new title at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 17 November 1999


• Lord Carrington's views on the EU from the Daily Telegraph


• Thatcher's First Cabinet


• Imperial War Museum Interview


• NATO Declassified – Lord Carrington (biography)


• Lord Carrington obituary | Politics | The Guardian