Piedmont







Region of Italy in Italy


























































Piedmont
Piemonte

Region of Italy





Flag of Piedmont
Flag

Coat of arms of Piedmont
Coat of arms


Piedmont in Italy.svg
Country
Italy
Capital
Turin
Government
 • President
Sergio Chiamparino (PD)
Area
 • Total
25,402 km2 (9,808 sq mi)
Population (31-10-2017)
 • Total
4 377 941
Demonym(s)
English: Piedmontese
Italian: Piemontese, pl. Piemontesi
Time zone
UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
GDP/ Nominal
€134.0[1] billion (2016)
GDP per capita
€30,800[2] (2008)
NUTS Region
ITC1
Website
www.regione.piemonte.it

Piedmont (/ˈpdmɒnt/ PEED-mont; Italian: Piemonte, pronounced [pjeˈmonte]; Piedmontese, German, Occitan and Arpitan: Piemont, Piedmontese pronunciation: [pjeˈmʊŋt]; French: Piémont) is a region in northwest Italy, one of the 20 regions of the country.[3] It borders the Liguria region to the south, the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions to the east and the Aosta Valley region to the northwest; it also borders France to the west and Switzerland to the northeast. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres (9,808 sq mi) and a population of 4 377 941 as of 30 November 2017. The capital of Piedmont is Turin.




Contents






  • 1 Toponymy


    • 1.1 Major towns and cities




  • 2 Geography


  • 3 History


  • 4 Economy


  • 5 Education


  • 6 Demographics


  • 7 Government and politics


    • 7.1 Administrative divisions




  • 8 Culture


    • 8.1 Languages




  • 9 Sport


  • 10 See also


  • 11 References


  • 12 External links





Toponymy


The name Piedmont comes from medieval Latin Pedemontium or Pedemontis, i.e., ad pedem montium, meaning “at the foot of the mountains” (the Alps) attested in documents of the end of the 12th century.[4]



Major towns and cities






































































































Population rank
City Name
Population
(ab)
Surface
(km²)
Density
(ab/km²)
Altitude
(m s.l.m.)
Province or
metropolitan city

1

Turin
883.281
130,17
6.786
239

TO

2

Novara
104.411
103,05
1.013
162

NO

3

Alessandria
93.884
203,97
460
95

AL

4

Asti
76.424
151,82
504
123

AT

5

Moncalieri
57.060
47,63
1.197
260

TO

6

Cuneo
56.116
119,88
468
534

CN

7

Collegno
49.940
18,12
2.756
302

TO

8

Rivoli
48.819
29,52
1.653
390

TO

9

Nichelino
48.182
20,64
2.334
229

TO

10

Settimo Torinese
47.704
32,37
1.473
207

TO

Other towns of Piedmont with more than 20,000 inhabitants sorted by population :


















































































































































































































Population rank
City Name
Population
(ab)
Surface
(km²)
Density
(ab/km²)
Altitude
(m s.l.m.)
Province or
metropolitan city

11

Vercelli
46.808
79,85
586
130

VC

12

Biella
44.860
46,68
961
417

BI

13

Grugliasco
37.906
13,12
2.889
293

TO

14

Chieri
36.778
54,30
677
305

TO

15

Pinerolo
35.778
50,28
711
376

TO

16

Casale Monferrato
34.565
86,32
400
116

AL

17

Venaria Reale
34.248
20,29
1.687
262

TO

18

Alba
31.419
54,01
581
172

CN

19

Verbania
30.933
36,62
844
197

VB

20

Bra
29.705
59,61
498
285

CN

21

Carmagnola
29.052
96,38
301
240

TO

22

Novi Ligure
28.257
54,22
521
199

AL

23

Tortona
27.575
99,29
278
122

AL

24

Chivasso
26.704
51,31
520
183

TO

25

Fossano
24.743
130,72
189
375

CN

26

Ivrea
23.598
30,19
781
253

TO

27

Orbassano
23.240
22,05
1.053
273

TO

28

Mondovì
22.592
87,25
258
395

CN

29

Borgomanero
21.709
32,36
670
307

NO

30

Savigliano
21.306
110,73
192
321

CN

31

Trecate
20.329
38,38
529
136

NO

32

Acqui Terme
20.054
33,30
602
156

AL


Geography





A Montferrat landscape, with the distant Alps in the background.


Piedmont is surrounded on three sides by the Alps, including Monviso, where the Po rises, and Monte Rosa. It borders with France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur), Switzerland (Ticino and Valais) and the Italian regions of Lombardy, Liguria, Aosta Valley and for a very small fragment with Emilia Romagna.
The geography of Piedmont is 43.3% mountainous, along with extensive areas of hills (30.3%) and plains (26.4%).


Piedmont is the second largest of Italy's 20 regions, after Sicily. It is broadly coincident with the upper part of the drainage basin of the river Po, which rises from the slopes of Monviso in the west of the region and is Italy's largest river. The Po collects all the waters provided within the semicircle of mountains (Alps and Apennines) which surround the region on three sides.


From the highest peaks the land slopes down to hilly areas, (not always, though; sometimes there is a brusque transition from the mountains to the plains) and then to the upper, and then to the lower great Padan Plain. The boundary between the first and the second is characterised by resurgent springs, typical of the Padan Plain which supply fresh water both to the rivers and to a dense network of irrigation canals.


The countryside is very diversified: from the rugged peaks of the massifs of Monte Rosa and of Gran Paradiso, to the damp rice paddies of Vercelli and Novara, from the gentle hillsides of the Langhe and of Montferrat to the plains. 7.6% of the entire territory is considered protected area. There are 56 different national or regional parks, one of the most famous is the Gran Paradiso National Park located between Piedmont and the Aosta Valley.



History





The Palazzina di caccia of Stupinigi, in Nichelino, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.




The Sacra di San Michele symbol of Piedmont


Piedmont was inhabited in early historic times by Celtic-Ligurian tribes such as the Taurini and the Salassi. They were later subdued by the Romans (c. 220 BC), who founded several colonies there including Augusta Taurinorum (Turin) and Eporedia (Ivrea). After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the region was successively invaded by the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths (5th century), East Romans, Lombards (6th century), and Franks (773).


In the 9th–10th centuries there were further incursions by the Magyars and Saracens.[citation needed] At the time Piedmont, as part of the Kingdom of Italy within the Holy Roman Empire, was subdivided into several marches and counties.




The Kingdom of Sardinia in 1856.


In 1046, Oddo of Savoy added Piedmont to their main territory of Savoy, with a capital at Chambéry (now in France). Other areas remained independent, such as the powerful comuni (municipalities) of Asti and Alessandria and the marquisates of Saluzzo and Montferrat. The County of Savoy was elevated to a duchy in 1416, and Duke Emanuele Filiberto moved the seat to Turin in 1563. In 1720, the Duke of Savoy became King of Sardinia, founding what evolved into the Kingdom of Sardinia and increasing Turin's importance as a European capital.


The Republic of Alba was created in 1796 as a French client republic in Piedmont. A new client republic, the Piedmontese Republic, existed between 1798 and 1799 before it was reoccupied by Austrian and Russian troops. In June 1800 a third client republic, the Subalpine Republic, was established in Piedmont. It fell under full French control in 1801 and it was annexed by France in September 1802. In the congress of Vienna, the Kingdom of Sardinia was restored, and furthermore received the Republic of Genoa to strengthen it as a barrier against France.


Piedmont was a springboard for Italy's unification in 1859–1861, following earlier unsuccessful wars against the Austrian Empire in 1820–1821[citation needed] and 1848–1849. This process is sometimes referred to as Piedmontisation.[5] However, the efforts were later countered by the efforts of rural farmers.[6][7]


The House of Savoy became Kings of Italy, and Turin briefly became the capital of Italy. However, when the Italian capital was moved to Florence, and then to Rome, the administrative and institutional importance of Piedmont was deeply reduced and the only remaining recognition to Piedmont's historical role was that the crown prince of Italy was known as the Prince of Piedmont. After Italian unification, Piedmont was one of the most important regions in the first Italian industrialization.[8]



Economy




Rice fields between Novara and Vercelli.


Lowland Piedmont is a fertile agricultural region. The main agricultural products in Piedmont are cereals, including rice, representing more than 10% of national production, maize, grapes for wine-making, fruit and milk.[9] With more than 800,000 head of cattle in 2000, livestock production accounts for half of final agricultural production in Piedmont.


Piedmont is one of the great winegrowing regions in Italy. More than half of its 700 square kilometres (170,000 acres) of vineyards are registered with DOC designations. It produces prestigious wines as Barolo, Barbaresco, from the Langhe near Alba, and the Moscato d'Asti as well as the sparkling Asti from the vineyards around Asti. Indigenous grape varieties include Nebbiolo, Barbera, Dolcetto, Freisa, Grignolino and Brachetto.


The region contains major industrial centres, the main of which is Turin, home to the FIAT automobile works. Olivetti, once a major electronics industry whose plant was in Scarmagno, near Ivrea, has now turned into a small-scale computer service company. Biella produces tissues and silks. The city of Asti is located about 55 kilometres (34 miles) east of Turin in the plain of the Tanaro River and is one of the most important centers of Montferrat, one of the best known Italian wine districts in the world, declared officially on 22 June 2014 a UNESCO World Heritage site.[10]


Alba is the home of Ferrero's chocolate factories and some mechanical industries. There are links with neighbouring France via the Fréjus and the Colle di Tenda tunnels as well as the Montgenèvre Pass. Piedmont also connects with Switzerland with the Simplon and Great St Bernard passes. It is possible to reach Switzerland via a normal road that crosses Oriental Piedmont starting from Arona and ending in Locarno, on the border with Italy. The region's airport, Turin-Caselle, caters domestic and international flights.[9]
The region has the longest motorway network amongst the Italian regions (about 800 km). It radiates from Turin, connecting it with the other provinces in the region, as well as with the other regions in Italy. In 2001, the number of passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants was 623 (above the national average of 575).[9]




The Lingotto building in Turin, the world headquarters of Fiat.


Tourism in Piedmont employs 75,534 people and currently comprises 17,367 companies operating in the hospitality and catering sector, with 1,473 hotels and tourist accommodations. The sector generates a turnover of €2,671 million, 3.3% of the €80,196 million which represents the total estimated spending on tourism in Italy. The region enjoys almost the same level of popularity among Italians and visitors from oversea. In 2002 there were 2,651,068 total arrivals. International visitors to Piedmont in 2002 accounted for 42% of the total number of tourists with 1,124,696 arrivals. The traditional leading areas for tourism in Piedmont are the Lake District – "Piedmont's riviera", which accounts for 32.84% of total overnight stays, and the metropolitan area of Turin which accounts for 26.51%.[11]


In 2006 Turin hosted the XX Olympic Winter Games and in 2007 it hosted the XXIII Universiade. Alpine tourism tends to concentrate in a few highly developed stations like Alagna Valsesia and Sestriere. Around 1980, the long-distance trail Grande Traversata delle Alpi (GTA) was created to draw more attention to the manyfold of remote, sparsely inhabited valleys.


Since 2006, the Piedmont region has benefited from the start of the Slow Food movement and Terra Madre, events that highlighted the rich agricultural and viticultural value of the Po valley and northern Italy. In the same year, Piemonte Agency for Investments, Export and Tourism was founded in order to strengthen the international role of the area and its potential. It was the first Italian institution bringing together all activities carried out by pre-existing local organizations operating for the internationalization of the territory.




The campus of the Polytechnic University of Turin.



Education



The economy of Piedmont is anchored on a rich history of state support for excellence in higher education, including some of the leading universities in Italy. The Piedmont valley is home to the famous University of Turin, the Polytechnic University of Turin, the University of Eastern Piedmont and, more recently the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute.[12]



Demographics


























































































Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1861 2,759,000 —    
1871 2,928,000 +6.1%
1881 3,090,000 +5.5%
1901 3,319,000 +7.4%
1911 3,414,000 +2.9%
1921 3,439,000 +0.7%
1931 3,458,000 +0.6%
1936 3,418,000 −1.2%
1951 3,518,000 +2.9%
1961 3,914,000 +11.3%
1971 4,432,000 +13.2%
1981 4,479,000 +1.1%
1991 4,303,000 −3.9%
2001 4,215,000 −2.0%
2010 (Est.)
4,456,000 +5.7%
2017 4,392,526 −1.4%
Source: ISTAT 2001























































31 December 2014 largest resident foreign-born groups[citation needed]
Country of birth Population

Romania Romania
150,216

Morocco Morocco
60,384

Albania Albania
40,339

China China
19,042

Peru Peru
14,021

Ukraine Ukraine
9,994

Republic of Macedonia Macedonia
7,602

Nigeria Nigeria
7,574

Philippines Philippine
6,305

Senegal Senegal
6,248

Egypt Egypt
6,117

Ecuador Ecuador
5,168

The population density in Piedmont is lower than the national average. In 2008 it was equal to 174 inhabitants per km2, compared to a national figure of about 200. It rises however to 335 inhabitants per km2 when just the Metropolitan City of Turin is considered, whereas Verbano-Cusio-Ossola is the less densely populated province (72 inhabitants per km2).[13]


The population of Piedmont followed a downward trend throughout the 1980s. This drop is the result of the natural negative balance (of some 3 to 4% per year), while the migratory balance since 1986 has again become positive because of an excess of new immigration over a stable figure for emigration.[13]
The population as a whole has remained stable in the 1990s, although this is the result of a negative natural balance and a positive net migration.


The Turin metro area grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s due to an increase of immigrants from southern Italy and Veneto and today it has a population of approximately two million. As of 2008[update], the Italian national institute of statistics (ISTAT) estimated that 310,543 foreign-born immigrants live in Piedmont, equal to 7.0% of the total regional population. Most immigrants come from Eastern Europe (mostly from Romania, Poland, and Bulgaria) with smaller communities of African immigrants.



Government and politics



The Regional Government (Giunta Regionale) is presided by the President of the Region (Presidente della Regione), who is elected for a five-year term and is composed by the President and the Ministers, who are currently 14, including a Vice President (Vice Presidente).[14]
In the last regional election, which took place on 29–30 March 2010, Roberto Cota (Lega Nord) defeated incumbent Mercedes Bresso (Democratic Party). In 2014 Cota chose not to stand again for President and the parties composing his coalition failed to agree on a single candidate, resulting in a landslide victory for Sergio Chiamparino, a Democrat who had been Mayor of Turin from 2001 to 2011.



Administrative divisions




Provinces of Piedmont.


Piedmont is divided into eight provinces:

























































Province
Area (km²)
Population
Density (inh./km²)

Province of Alessandria
3,560
431,885
121.3

Province of Asti
1,504
219,292
145.8

Province of Biella
913
181,089
204.9

Province of Cuneo
6,903
592,060
85.7

Province of Novara
1,339
371,418
277.3

Metropolitan City of Turin
6,821
2,291,719
335.9

Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola
2,255
160,883
71.3

Province of Vercelli
2,088
176,121
84.3


Culture



Languages


As in the rest of Italy, Italian is the official national language. The main local languages are Piedmontese, Insubric (spoken in the eastern part of the region), Occitan (spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Province of Cuneo and the Metropolitan City of Turin), and Franco-Provençal (spoken by another minority in the alpine heights of the Metropolitan City of Turin), like in the Susa valley and Walser (spoken by a minority in the Province of Vercelli and Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola).



Sport




The Juventus Stadium in Turin is the home of Juventus F.C., throughout the years one of the more successful Serie A clubs.


Turin hosted the 2006 Winter Olympics.[15]


In football, notable clubs in Piedmont include Turin-based Juventus and Torino, who have won 38 official top-flight league championships (as of the 2014-15 season) between them, more than any other city in Italy. Other smaller teams include the old "Piedmont Quadrilateral" components Novara, Alessandria, Casale, Pro Vercelli. With the pre-World War II success of Pro Vercelli and the dominance of Torino during the Grande Torino years and Juventus in more recent times, the region is the most successful in terms of championships won. Also Casale and Novese contributed with one scudetto each.


Other local teams include volleyball teams Cuneo (male) and Asystel Novara (female), basketball teams Biella Basketball and Junior Casale, ice hockey team Hockey Club Turin, and roller hockey side Amatori Vercelli, who have won three league titles, an Italian Cup and two CERS Cups.



See also



  • Piedmontese language

  • 2006 Winter Olympics

  • Kingdom of Sardinia


  • Battle of Marengo (14 June 1800)


  • Battle of Novara (1849)

  • Gianduja

  • Piemonte (wine)

  • Piedmont cuisine

  • List of universities located in Piedmont

  • Slow Food

  • Western Alps

  • Bialbero de Casorzo

  • Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortona



References





  1. ^ "Regionales Bruttoinlandsprodukt (Mio. EUR), nach NUTS-2-Regionen". Eurostat. Retrieved 5 March 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Regional GDP per inhabitant in 2008 GDP per inhabitant ranged from 28% of the EU27 average in Severozapaden in Bulgaria to 343% in Inner London. EUROPA Press Release, 24 February 2011


  3. ^ rai (3 June 2015). "An aerial view of Piedmont" – via YouTube.


  4. ^ Touring Club Italiano, Piemonte (non compresa Torino), Guida d'Italia, 1, 8th edn (Touring Editore, 1976), p.11.


  5. ^ Collier, Martin (2003). Italian Unification, 1820–71. Oxford: Heinemann. p. 75.


  6. ^ Valeria Fargion, From the Southern to the Northern Question: Territorial and Social Politics in Italy Archived 23 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine., paper presented at the RC 19 conference 'Welfare state restructuring: processes and social outcomes', 2–4 September 2004, Sciences-Po Paris. Retrieved 7 January 2007.


  7. ^ Anna Bull, Regionalism in Italy Archived 10 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine., Europa 2(4). Retrieved 7 January 2007.


  8. ^ Marco Meriggi, (1996). Breve Storia dell'Italia Settentrionale, dall'Ottocento a Oggi. 1st ed. Italy: Donzelli Dditore, Rome.


  9. ^ abc "Eurostat". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.


  10. ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato".


  11. ^ [1] Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine.


  12. ^ Template:UNICRI


  13. ^ ab "Eurostat". Europa (web portal). Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2010.


  14. ^ "Sito Ufficiale della Regione Piemonte: Giunta regionale". Regione.piemonte.it. Retrieved 23 April 2010.


  15. ^ "Turin wins 2006 Winter Olympics".




External links












  • Piedmont travel guide from Wikivoyage


  • Regional government website (in Italian)


  • Wikisource-logo.svg "Piedmont". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.





Coordinates: 45°04′N 7°42′E / 45.067°N 7.700°E / 45.067; 7.700









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