Putney (UK Parliament constituency)






































Putney

Borough constituency
for the House of Commons

Outline map
Boundary of Putney in Greater London.

County
Greater London
Electorate
62,153 (December 2010)[1]
Current constituency
Created
1918
Member of parliament
Rt Hon. Justine Greening (Conservative)
Number of members
One
Created from
Wandsworth (abolished, divided into four)
Overlaps
European Parliament constituency
London


Wandsworth Met. B Ward Map 1916.svg




Putney in London 1918–49




Putney in London 1950–74


Putney is a constituency[n 1] created in 1918 represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Justine Greening of the Conservative Party.




Contents






  • 1 Boundaries


  • 2 History


  • 3 Constituency profile


  • 4 Members of Parliament


  • 5 Elections


    • 5.1 Elections in the 2010s


    • 5.2 Elections in the 2000s


    • 5.3 Elections in the 1990s


    • 5.4 Elections in the 1980s


    • 5.5 Elections in the 1970s


    • 5.6 Elections in the 1960s


    • 5.7 Elections in the 1950s


    • 5.8 Elections in the 1940s


    • 5.9 Elections in the 1930s


    • 5.10 Elections in the 1920s


    • 5.11 Elections in the 1910s




  • 6 See also


  • 7 Notes and references


  • 8 External links





Boundaries


1918–1950: The Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth wards of Putney and Southfields.


1950–1974: As above plus Fairfield ward.


1983–2010: The London Borough of Wandsworth wards of East Putney, Parkside, Roehampton, Southfields, Thamesfield, West Hill, and West Putney.


2010–present: As above less Parkside ward.



History


When created in 1918 the constituency was carved out of the west of the abolished seat Wandsworth. The rest of the latter formed Wandsworth Central, Balham and Tooting and Streatham. Putney formed one of the divisions of the Parliamentary Borough of Wandsworth.


Political history

The seat was Conservative until 1964, eschewing the Liberal Party in 1918 and the Labour marginal wins in the 1920s and landslide victory in 1945 and narrower win in 1950. The fairly narrow Heath ministry win of 1970 failed to tip the seat back to the Conservative Party, seeing instead 14 years of unbroken Labour party representation, by Hugh Jenkins.


Putney was next held by Conservative Secretary of State for National Heritage David Mellor from 1979 until 1997 during the party's national administrations; the 1997 Labour landslide saw Putney gained by Tony Colman (Lab) and a signal early-declared result as the landslide unfolded.[n 2]


Putney was the first Conservative gain on election night in 2005, when Justine Greening took back the seat from Labour on a two-party swing (Lab-Con) of 6.5%. The 2015 result gave the seat the 148th most marginal majority of the Conservative Party's 331 seats by percentage of majority, similar to the 2010 result.[2] The 2017 election saw Greening re-elected, but with a 10% swing to Labour; this heavy swing against the Conservatives has been attributed to the fact that the Borough of Wandsworth (of which Putney is part) voted 75% in favour of remaining in the European Union in the previous year's referendum.



Constituency profile


Putney has long had many desirable properties of South-West London[3] with Southfields to the south and the River Thames to the north with Fulham lying across the river.


The majority of the area as in the 19th century is covered by mid-to-high income neighbourhoods[4] whereas the eastern boundary of the seat eating into Wandsworth town centre is more mixed, and Roehampton which has its University (University of Roehampton and part of the Kingston University campus) consists of, in terms of housing, by a small majority, a diverse council stock that owing to its cost has only fractionally been acquired under the Right to Buy — much of this ward remains in one form or another reliant on social housing.[4]


The local council is not a bellwether of who will win the Putney seat, and for a considerable time has imposed the lowest council tax in the country.[5] Between 1998 and 2005 Putney had a unique attribute of being the only seat in the country where every single component ward elected a full slate of Conservative councillors, yet the constituency had a Labour MP, Tony Colman.



Members of Parliament


















































Election Member[6]
Party


1918

Samuel Samuel

Coalition Conservative


1934 by-election

Marcus Samuel

Conservative


1942 by-election

Sir Hugh Linstead

Conservative


1964

Hugh Jenkins

Labour


1979

David Mellor

Conservative


1997

Tony Colman

Labour


2005

Justine Greening

Conservative


Elections



Elections in the 2010s























































































General Election 2017: Putney[7][8]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Justine Greening

20,679

44.1

-9.7


Labour

Neeraj Patil
19,125
40.8
+10.8


Liberal Democrat
Ryan Mercer
5,448
11.6
+5.3


Green
Ben Fletcher
1,107
2.4
-2.5


UKIP
Patricia Ward
477
1.0
-3.6


Independent
Lotta Quizeen
58
0.1
+0.1
Majority
1,554
3.3
-21.5

Turnout
46,894
72.1
+5.1

Registered electors
65,031




Conservative hold

Swing
-10.2























































































General Election 2015: Putney[9][10]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Justine Greening

23,018

53.8

+0.8


Labour
Sheila Boswell
12,838
30.0
+2.6


Liberal Democrat
Andrew Hallett
2,717
6.3
−10.6


Green
Christopher Poole[11]
2,067
4.8
+3.4


UKIP
Patricia Ward
1,989
4.6
+3.5


Animal Welfare
Guy Dessoy
184
0.4

N/A
Majority
10,180
23.8
-0.8

Turnout
42,813
67.0
+2.6

Registered electors
63,923




Conservative hold

Swing
-0.9























































































General Election 2010: Putney[12][13]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Justine Greening

21,223

53.0

+9.7


Labour
Stuart King
11,170
27.4
-10.2


Liberal Democrat
James Sandbach
6,907
16.9
+0.6


Green
Bruce Mackenzie
591
1.4
-1.3


BNP
Peter Darby
459
1.1

N/A


UKIP
Hugo Wareham
435
1.1
+0.0
Majority
10,053
24.6
+19.8

Turnout
40,785
64.4
+4.9

Registered electors
63,371




Conservative hold

Swing
+9.9



Elections in the 2000s















































































General Election 2005: Putney[14][15]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Justine Greening

15,497

42.4

+4.0


Labour

Tony Colman
13,731
37.5
-9.0


Liberal Democrat
Jeremy Ambache
5,965
16.3
+2.7


Green
Keith Magnum
993
2.7

N/A


UKIP
Anthony Gahan
388
1.1
+0.1
Majority
1,766
4.8

N/A

Turnout
36,574
59.5
+3.0

Registered electors
61,499




Conservative gain from Labour

Swing
+6.50















































































General Election 2001: Putney[16][17]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Tony Colman

15,911

46.5

+0.8


Conservative
Michael Simpson
13,140
38.4
-0.5


Liberal Democrat
Anthony Burrett
4,671
13.6
+2.9


UKIP
Pat Wild
347
1.0
+0.5


ProLife Alliance
Yvonne Windsor
185
0.5

N/A
Majority
2,771
8.1
+1.3

Turnout
34,254
56.5
-16.8

Registered electors
60,643




Labour hold

Swing
+0.6



Elections in the 1990s























































































































General Election 1997: Putney[18][19]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Tony Colman

20,084

45.6

+9.0


Conservative

David Mellor
17,108
38.9
−13.3


Liberal Democrat
Russell Pyne
4,739
10.8
+1.2


Referendum

James Goldsmith
1,518
3.5

N/A


UKIP
William Jamieson
233
0.5

N/A

Happiness Stan's Freedom to Party

Lenny Beige (AKA Steve Furst)
101
0.2

N/A

Sportsman's Alliance: Anything but Mellor
Michael Yardley
90
0.2

N/A


Natural Law
John Small
66
0.2
−0.1

Independently Beautiful Party
Ateeka Poole
49
0.1

N/A

Renaissance Democrat
Dorian Van Braam
7
0.02

N/A
Majority
2,976
6.8

N/A

Turnout
43,994
73.3
−4.6

Registered electors
60,015




Labour gain from Conservative

Swing
-11.2















































































General Election 1992: Putney[20][21]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

David Mellor

25,188

52.2

+1.7


Labour
Judith Chegwidden
17,662
36.6
+0.5


Liberal Democrat
John Martyn
4,636
9.6
-2.8


Green
Keith Hagenbach
618
1.3
+0.2


Natural Law
Paul Levy
139
0.3

N/A
Majority
7,526
15.6
+1.2

Turnout
48,243
77.9
+2.0

Registered electors
61,914




Conservative hold

Swing
+0.6



Elections in the 1980s







































































General Election 1987: Putney[22][23]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

David Mellor

24,197

50.5

+4.0


Labour

Peter Hain
17,290
36.1
+0.2


Liberal
Sally Harlow
5,934
12.4
-3.9


Green
Simon Desorgher
508
1.1
+0.7
Majority
6,907
14.4
+3.7

Turnout
47,929
76.0
+2.4

Registered electors
63,108




Conservative hold

Swing
+1.9































































































General Election 1983: Putney[24][25]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

David Mellor

21,863

46.5

-0.3


Labour

Peter Hain
16,844
35.9
-5.6


Liberal
Charles Welchman
7,668
16.3
+6.0


National Front
Michael Connolly
290
0.6
-0.8


Ecology
Rose Baillie-Grohman
190
0.4

N/A


Socialist (GB)
Leonard Chalk
88
0.2

N/A


Independent
William Williams
41
0.1

N/A
Majority
5,019
10.7
+5.3

Turnout
46,984
73.6
-2.5

Registered electors
63,853




Conservative hold

Swing
+2.6



Elections in the 1970s







































































General Election 1979: Putney[26]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

David Mellor

23,040

46.8

+7.4


Labour

Hugh Jenkins
20,410
41.49
-3.8


Liberal
Nicholas Couldrey
5,061
10.3
-3.7


National Front
James Webster
685
1.4

N/A
Majority
2,630
5.4

N/A

Turnout
49,196
76.1
+4.3

Registered electors
64,648




Conservative gain from Labour

Swing
+5.6







































































General Election, October 1974: Putney[27]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Hugh Jenkins

21,611

45.28

+4.0


Conservative
Gerard Wade
18,836
39.5
+0.9


Liberal

Adrian Slade
7,159
15.0
-5.2


More Prosperous Britain
Thomas Keen
125
0.3

N/A
Majority
2,775
5.8
+3.1

Turnout
47,731
71.8
-7.8

Registered electors
66,515




Labour hold

Swing
+1.55































































General Election, February 1974: Putney[28]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Hugh Jenkins

21,680

41.3

-5.1


Conservative
Gerard Wade
20,241
38.5
-7.7


Liberal

Adrian Slade
10,629
20.2
+12.7
Majority
1,439
2.7
+0.1

Turnout
52,550
79.6
+10.8

Registered electors
66,013




Labour hold

Swing
+1.3































































General Election 1970: Putney[29]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Hugh Jenkins

25,162

47.6

-0.6


Conservative

John Wakeham
23,768
45.0
+3.1


Liberal
Geoffrey Broughton
3,887
7.4
-2.5
Majority
1,394
2.6
-3.7

Turnout
52,727
68.8
+10.1

Registered electors
76,722




Labour hold

Swing
-1.95



Elections in the 1960s































































General Election 1966: Putney[30]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Hugh Jenkins

26,601

48.3

+3.3


Conservative

Hugh Linstead
23,114
41.9
-0.6


Liberal

Adrian Slade
5,420
9.8
-2.7
Majority
3,487
6.3
+3.9

Turnout
55,135
78.9
+1.9

Registered electors
69,870




Labour hold

Swing
+1.95































































General Election 1964: Putney[31]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Labour

Hugh Jenkins

24,581

44.9

+4.7


Conservative

Hugh Linstead
23,274
42.54
-6.5


Liberal
Anthony Cowen
6,856
12.5
+1.8
Majority
1,307
2.4

N/A

Turnout
54,711
77.0
-3.2

Registered electors
71,084




Labour gain from Conservative

Swing
+5.6



Elections in the 1950s































































General Election 1959: Putney[32]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Hugh Linstead

28,236

49.1

-8.0


Labour

Dick Taverne
23,115
40.2
-2.7


Liberal
Michael Francis Burns
6,166
10.7

N/A
Majority
5,121
8.9
-5.2

Turnout
57,517
80.1
+4.2

Registered electors
71,772




Conservative hold

Swing
-2.65























































General Election 1955: Putney[33][34]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Hugh Linstead

28,969

57.1

+1.3


Labour Co-op
Bernard Bagnari
21,774
42.9
-1.3
Majority
7,195
14.2
+2.5

Turnout
50,743
76.0
-5.9

Registered electors
66,776




Conservative hold

Swing
+1.3























































General Election 1951: Putney[35][36]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Hugh Linstead

29,686

55.83

+4.07


Labour Co-op
Eric Hutchison
23,489
44.17
+2.93
Majority
6,197
11.7
+1.1

Turnout
53,175
81.9
+0.1

Registered electors
64,933




Conservative hold

Swing
+0.57































































General Election 1950: Putney[37]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Hugh Linstead

28,007

51.76

+3.22


Labour
Irene Chaplin
22,315
41.24
+4.24


Liberal
Beresford Alton
3,785
7.0
+0.9
Majority
5,692
10.52
-1.0

Turnout
54,107
81.8
+8.2

Registered electors
66,158




Conservative hold

Swing
-0.51



Elections in the 1940s















































































General Election 1945: Putney[38][39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Hugh Linstead

16,356

48.5

-16.6


Labour
Percy D. Stewart
12,469
37.0
+5.1


Common Wealth

Richard Acland
2,686
8.0

N/A


Liberal
Isaac Joseph Hyam
2,041
6.1

N/A


Ind. Conservative

Eleonora Tennant
144
0.4

N/A
Majority
3,887
11.5
-21.7

Turnout
33,696
75.6
+5.1

Registered electors
45,796




Conservative hold

Swing
-10.85























































Putney by-election, 1942[40][39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Hugh Linstead

8,788

74.9

+9.8


Independent

Bernard Acworth
2,939
25.1

N/A
Majority
5,849
49.8
+16.6

Turnout
11,727
23.0
-43.5

Registered electors
51,066




Conservative hold

Swing
+20.85



Elections in the 1930s































































General Election 1935: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Marcus Samuel

22,288

65.1

-16.5


Labour
Andrew Aiken Watson
10,895
31.9
+13.5


Independent

Violet Van der Elst
1,021
3.0

N/A
Majority
11,393
33.2
-30.0

Turnout
34,204
68.5
+2.2

Registered electors
49,901




Conservative hold

Swing
-15.00























































Putney by-election, 1934[41]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Marcus Samuel

15,599

54.7

-26.9


Labour

Edith Summerskill
12,936
45.3
+26.9
Majority
2,663
9.4
-53.8

Turnout
28,535
57.5
-8.8

Registered electors
49,642




Conservative hold

Swing
-26.9























































General Election 1931: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Conservative

Samuel Samuel

27,318

81.6

+17.8


Labour
John Lawder
6,172
18.4
-17.8
Majority
21,146
63.2
+25.6

Turnout
33,490
66.3
+4.2

Registered electors
50,538




Conservative hold

Swing
+17.8



Elections in the 1920s























































General Election 1929: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Unionist

Samuel Samuel

19,657

63.8

-8.6


Labour
John Lawder
11,136
36.2
+8.6
Majority
8,521
27.6
-17.2

Turnout
30,793
62.1
-6.3

Registered electors
49,594




Unionist hold

Swing
-8.6























































General Election 1924: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Unionist

Samuel Samuel

17,341

72.4

N/A


Labour
John Allen
6,609
27.6

N/A
Majority
10,732
44.8

N/A

Turnout
23,950
68.4

N/A

Registered electors
35,030




Unionist hold

Swing

N/A






























General Election 1923: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Unionist

Samuel Samuel

Unopposed

Registered electors





Unionist hold






























































General Election 1922: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±


Unionist

Samuel Samuel

9,739

47.2

-16.4


Independent Unionist
Cyril Prescott-Decie
5,556
27.0

N/A


Liberal
Henry Higgs
5,317
25.8

N/A
Majority
4,183
20.2
-7.0

Turnout
20,612
61.8
+18.4

Registered electors
33,346




Unionist hold

Swing
-16.4



Elections in the 1910s





















































General Election 1918: Putney[39]
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
±

C

Unionist

Samuel Samuel

8,677

63.6

N/A


National
John Jenkins
4,968
36.4

N/A
Majority
3,709
27.2

N/A

Turnout
13,645
43.4

N/A

Registered electors
31,437




Unionist win (new seat)

C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government.


See also


  • List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater London


Notes and references


Notes




  1. ^ A borough constituency (for the purposes of election expenses and type of returning officer)


  2. ^ A televised verbal argument occurred between Mellor and Referendum Party candidate Sir James Goldsmith, who held contrasting views on European integration, during Mellor's vote of thanks to the public on his defeat as one of the early declared results in 1997.



References




  1. ^ "Electorate Figures – Boundary Commission for England". 2011 Electorate Figures. Boundary Commission for England. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ List of Conservative MPs elected in 2015 by % majority UK Political.info. Retrieved 2017-01-29


  3. ^ Booth's Poverty Map of London 1898–99 See Gold/yellow and Red categorisations


  4. ^ ab "Local statistics - Office for National Statistics". neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk.


  5. ^ 'Council Tax in England to Rise by Record Low'BBC News 24 March 2010


  6. ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "P" (part 2)


  7. ^ "Putney parliamentary constituency". BBC News.


  8. ^ http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7979/CBP-7979.pdf


  9. ^ "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.


  10. ^ Council, Wandsworth. "Putney Constituency - Parliamentary election results May 2015 - Wandsworth Council". www.wandsworth.gov.uk.


  11. ^ "Wandsworth Green Party". Retrieved 8 December 2014.


  12. ^ "Election Data 2010". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2015.


  13. ^ "UK General Election results May 2010". Political Science Resourcess. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  14. ^ "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.


  15. ^ "UK General Election results May 2005". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  16. ^ "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.


  17. ^ "Putney: General Election result, June 2001". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  18. ^ "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.


  19. ^ "Putney: General Election result, May 1997". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  20. ^ "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.


  21. ^ "UK General Election results April 1992". Political Science Resourcess. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  22. ^ "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.


  23. ^ "UK General Election results June 1987". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  24. ^ "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.


  25. ^ "UK General Election results June 1983". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  26. ^ "UK General Election results May 1979". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  27. ^ "UK General Election results October 1974". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  28. ^ "UK General Election results February 1974". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  29. ^ "UK General Election results June 1970". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  30. ^ "UK General Election results March 1966". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  31. ^ "UK General Election results October 1964". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  32. ^ "UK General Election results October 1959". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  33. ^ "UK General Election results May 1955". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  34. ^ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1955.


  35. ^ "UK General Election results October 1951". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  36. ^ The Times' Guide to the House of Commons. 1951.


  37. ^ "UK General Election results February 1950". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  38. ^ "UK General Election results July 1945". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  39. ^ abcdefghi Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 58. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.


  40. ^ "UK General Election results July 1945". Political Science Resources. Richard Kimber. Retrieved 5 February 2011.


  41. ^ F. W. S. Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-49




External links




  • Politics Resources (Election results from 1922 onwards)


  • Electoral Calculus (Election results from 1955 onwards)




Coordinates: 51°27′14″N 0°13′26″W / 51.454°N 0.224°W / 51.454; -0.224







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