Stylommatophora














































Stylommatophora
Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent

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Stylommatophora-001.jpg

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda

Clade:
Heterobranchia

Clade:
Euthyneura
Order:
Panpulmonata

Clade:
Eupulmonata

Clade:
Stylommatophora
A. Schmidt, 1855
Subdivision ranks

clade Elasmognatha

clade Orthurethra

informal group Sigmurethra



Diversity[1][2]
about 20,500 species




Helix aspersa (Common Garden Snail)


Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is considered to be a clade. It used to be regarded as an infraorder (also sometimes was considered to be an order). This taxon includes the majority of land snails and slugs.


The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier).[citation needed]


Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts.


Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous to the Recent periods.[3]




Contents






  • 1 2005 taxonomy


  • 2 Previous taxonomy


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





2005 taxonomy


According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evolutionary ancestry is the clade Stylommatophora in clade Eupulmonata within informal group Pulmonata. It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily.


The clade Stylommatophora contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.


clade Elasmognatha



  • Superfamily Succineoidea

  • Superfamily Athoracophoroidea


clade Orthurethra



  • Superfamily Partuloidea

  • Superfamily Achatinelloidea

  • Superfamily Cochlicopoidea

  • Superfamily Pupilloidea

  • Superfamily Enoidea


informal group Sigmurethra



  • Superfamily Clausilioidea

  • Superfamily Orthalicoidea

  • Superfamily Achatinoidea

  • Superfamily Aillyoidea

  • Superfamily Testacelloidea

  • Superfamily Papillodermatoidea

  • Superfamily Streptaxoidea

  • Superfamily Rhytidoidea

  • Superfamily Acavoidea



    Cepaea hortensis, within the Helicoidea.




    An individual of Trochulus hispidus, a stylommatophoran land snail in the family Hygromiidae within the Helicoidea.



  • Superfamily Punctoidea

  • Superfamily Sagdoidea


"limacoid clade" (within the Sigmurethra)



  • Superfamily Staffordioidea

  • Superfamily Dyakioidea

  • Superfamily Gastrodontoidea

  • Superfamily Parmacelloidea

  • Superfamily Zonitoidea

  • Superfamily Helicarionoidea

  • Superfamily Limacoidea


(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra)



  • Superfamily Arionoidea

  • Superfamily Helicoidea



Previous taxonomy



  • Subinfraorder Orthurethra

    • Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873

    • Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900

    • Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900

    • Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831



  • Subinfraorder Sigmurethra

    • Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895

    • Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840

    • Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960

    • Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840

    • Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879

    • Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895

    • Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864

    • Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921

    • Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866

    • Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815

    • Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877

    • Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815

    • Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855

    • Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860

    • Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900

    • Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894

    • Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864

    • Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893

    • Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895

    • Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931

    • Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806

    • Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926

    • Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882

    • Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864





References





  1. ^ Solem A. (1978). Classification of the land Mollusca. In: Fretter V. & Peake J. (eds). Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. London, Academic Press, 49–97.


  2. ^ Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.


  3. ^ (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). Základy zoopaleontologie. Olomouc, 264 pp., .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 80-7067-599-3.




External links

















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