Egftnjytyk

Jewish population by country (2016)

Part of a series on
Jews and Judaism
Etymology Who is a Jew? Jewish peoplehood Jewish identity
Religion God in Judaism (names) Principles of faith Mitzvot (613) Halakha Shabbat Holidays Prayer Tzedakah Land of Israel Brit Bar and Bat Mitzvah Marriage Bereavement Philosophy Ethics Kabbalah Customs Synagogue Rabbi
Texts Tanakh (Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim) Talmud (Mishnah Gemara) Rabbinic (Midrash Tosefta) Targum Beit Yosef Mishneh Torah Tur Shulchan Aruch Zohar
Communities Ashkenazim Sephardim Italkim Romaniotes Mizrahim Cochin Bene Israel Beta Israel Related groups Bnei Anusim Lemba Crimean Karaites Krymchaks Samaritans Crypto-Jews Mosaic Arabs Subbotniks
Population Land of Israel Old Yishuv New Yishuv Israeli Jews Europe Austria Belarus Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Moldova Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia Spain Sweden Ukraine United Kingdom Asia Yemen Iraq Iran Turkey Cyprus Syria Lebanon Uzbekistan Azerbaijan India China Malaysia Indonesia Vietnam Japan Philippines Africa Morocco Algeria Tunisia Libya Egypt Ethiopia South Africa Zimbabwe North America United States Canada Latin America and Caribbean Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Cuba Dominican Republic El Salvador Guyana Haiti Jamaica Mexico Paraguay Puerto Rico Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Oceania Australia Fiji Guam New Zealand Palau Judaism by country Lists of Jews Historical population comparisons
Denominations Orthodox Haredi Hasidic Modern Reform Conservative Karaite Reconstructionist Renewal Humanistic Haymanot Chabad messianism Secularism
Culture Minyan Music Religious Secular Wedding Clothing Niddah Pidyon haben Kashrut Shidduch Zeved habat Conversion to Judaism Hiloni Cuisine Israelite Israeli Sephardic Mizrahi Literature Israeli Yiddish American Yiddish theatre Dance Humour
Languages Hebrew (Biblical) Yiddish Jewish Koine Greek Yevanic Juhuri Shassi Judaeo-Iranian Ladino Ghardaïa Sign Bukharian Knaanic Zarphatic Italkian Gruzinic Judeo-Aramaic Judeo-Arabic Judeo-Berber Judeo-Malayalam
History Timeline Name "Judea" Leaders Twelve Tribes of Israel Ancient history Kingdom of Judah Temple in Jerusalem Babylonian captivity Assyrian captivity Yehud Medinata Second Temple Jerusalem (in Judaism timeline) Hasmonean dynasty Sanhedrin Schisms Pharisees Hellenistic Judaism Jewish–Roman wars History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire Christianity and Judaism Hinduism and Judaism Islamic–Jewish relations Diaspora Middle Ages Golden Age Sabbateans Hasidism Haskalah Emancipation Antisemitism Anti-Judaism Persecution The Holocaust Israel Land of Israel Aliyah Jewish atheism Baal teshuva Arab–Israeli conflict
Politics Politics of Israel Zionism (General Green Labor Neo Religious Revisionist) Judaism and politics World Agudath Israel Bundism Feminism Jewish left
Category: Jews and Judaism Portal: Judaism
v t e

The world's core Jewish population was estimated at 14,511,000 in April 2018,^[1] up from 14.41 million in 2016.^[2][3][4] Demographer Sergio DellaPergola proposes an "extended" Jewish population, including people identifying as partly Jewish and non-Jews with Jewish parents, numbering 17.3 million globally, and an "enlarged" Jewish population figure that also includes non-Jewish members of Jewish households totaling 20.2 million. Additionally, the total number of people who hold or are eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return — defined as anyone with at least one Jewish grandparent, and who does not profess any other religion — is estimated at around 23 million, of which 6.6 million were living in Israel as of 2015. Figures for these expanded categories are less precise than for the core Jewish population.^[4]

While dozens of countries host at least a small Jewish population, the community is concentrated in a handful: Israel and the United States account for 83% of the Jewish population, while a total of 98 countries host the other 17%.^[4]

With just over 6.5 million Jews, Israel is the only Jewish majority and explicitly Jewish state. Jewish population figures for the United States are contested, ranging between 5.7 and 6.8 million.^[5] (The core global total of Jews jumps above 15 million if the highest American estimates are assumed). Other countries with a significant Jewish population are, like Israel and the United States, typically well-developed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development members with Jews concentrated in major urban centers.^[4]

In 1939, the core Jewish population reached its historical peak of 17 million. Due to the Holocaust, the number was reduced to 11 million in 1945.^[6][7][8] The population grew to around 13 million by the 1970s, and then recorded near-zero growth until around 2005 due to low fertility rates and to assimilation.^[7] Since 2005, the world's Jewish population grew modestly at an annual rate of around 0.78% (to 2013). This increase primarily reflected the rapid growth of Haredi and some Orthodox sectors, who are becoming a growing proportion of Jews.^[9]

Recent trends

Recent Jewish population dynamics are characterized by continued steady increase in the Israeli Jewish population and flat or declining numbers in other countries (the diaspora). The Jewish population of Israel increased from the country's inception in 1948 to 6,135,000 in 2014^[10] while the population of the diaspora has dropped from 10.5 to 8.1 million over the same period.^[4] Current Israeli Jewish demographics are characterized by a relatively high fertility rate of 3 children per woman and a stable age distribution.^[11] The overall growth rate of Jews in Israel is 1.7% annually.^[12] The diaspora countries, by contrast, have low Jewish birth rates, an increasingly elderly age composition, and a negative balance of people leaving Judaism versus those joining.^[4]

Immigration trends also favor Israel ahead of diaspora countries. The Jewish state has a positive immigration balance (called aliyah in Hebrew). Israel saw its Jewish numbers significantly buoyed by a million-strong wave of Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union in the 1990s^[13] and immigration growth has been steady in the low tens of thousands since then.^[14] In the rest of the world, only the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany have had a positive recent Jewish migration balance outside of Israel. In general, the English-speaking world has seen its share of the diaspora increase since the Holocaust and the foundation of Israel, while historic Jewish populations in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East have significantly declined or disappeared.^[15]

France continues to be home to the world's third largest Jewish community, around 500,000,^[16][17] but has shown an increasingly negative trend. Emigration loss to Israel amongst French Jews reached the tens of thousands between 2014 and 2017 following a wave of antisemitic attacks.^[18][19]

Debate over United States numbers

The number of Jews in the United States has been the subject of much debate because of questions over counting methodology. In 2012, Sheskin and Dashefsky put forward a figure of 6.72 million based on a mixture of local surveys, informed local estimates, and US census data. They qualified their estimate with a concern over double counting and suggested the real figure may lie between 6 and 6.4 million.^[20] Drawing on their work, the Steinhardt Social Research Institute released their own estimate of 6.8 million Jews in the United States in 2013.^[21] These figures are in contrast to Israeli demographer Sergio DellaPergola's number of 5,425,000, also in 2012.^[5] He has called high estimates “implausible” and “unreliable” although he revised the United States Jewish number upward to 5.7 million in subsequent years.^[2][5] This controversy followed a similar debate in 2001 when the National Jewish Population Survey released a United States Jewish estimate as low as 5.2 million only to have serious methodological errors suggested in their survey.^[5] In sum, a confidence interval of a million or more people is likely to persist in reporting on the number of Jewish Americans.

Countries and territories

Below is a list of Jewish populations in the world by country or territory. Unless otherwise indicated, core and enlarged population numbers are taken from DellaPergola's chapter "World Jewish Population" of the American Jewish Year Book of 2014.^[3] Where other credible sources present competing numbers, they are presented with a range and citation. DellaPergola's population figures are primarily based on national censuses combined with trend analysis. He has described the "core Jewish population" in the diaspora as "all persons who, when asked in a socio-demographic survey, identify themselves as Jews; or who are identified as Jews by a respondent in the same household, and do not have another monotheistic religion."^[3] DellaPergola defined the "enlarged Jewish population" by adding those "persons who state they are partly Jewish", "non-Jews who have Jewish parents", and "non-Jewish members of Jewish households" to the "core Jewish population."^[3]

The American Jewish Year Book numbers are reproduced with explanatory notes by country in the online Jewish Virtual Library.^[22] The library is a comprehensive non-governmental website covering topics about U.S.-Israel relations and the Jewish people. A number of tiny countries whose Jewish populations are not listed in DellaPergola are provided here from the Virtual Library. For European countries, further information is provided by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research, including an interactive map of core and enlarged Jewish population that generally corresponds to DellaPergola's figures.^[23]

Country populations used to deduce the "Population per Jewish Person" column in the table are taken from the CIA World Factbook, with most estimates current as of July 2014.^[24]

Table

Country or Territory	Core Jewish Population (2016)[25]	Jews per 1,000 total population (2016)[25]	Enlarged Jewish Population (2016)[25]	National official statistics
World	14,410,700	1.96	20,368,800	N/A
Israel[a]	6,336,400	748.62	6,706,400	7006655450000000000♠6,554,500 (2016)[26]
United States	5,700,000	17.75	10,000,000	N/A
France	460,000	7.15	600,000	N/A
Canada	388,000	10.84	550,000	7005143665000000000♠143,665 (2016)[27]
United Kingdom	290,000	4.44	370,000	7005269568000000000♠269,568 (2011)[28][29][30]
Argentina	180,700	4.26	330,000	N/A
Russia	179,500	1.24	380,000	7005157968000000000♠157,968 (2010)[31]
Germany	117,000	1.44	225,000	7004844300000000000♠84,430 (2011)[32]
Australia	113,000	4.73	140,000	7004910220000000000♠91,022 (2016)[33]
Brazil	94,200	0.46	150,000	7005107329000000000♠107,329 (2010)[33]
South Africa	69,500	1.26	80,000	7004755550000000000♠75,555 (2001)[33]
Ukraine	56,000	1.31	140,000	7005105480000000000♠105,480 (2001)[34]
Hungary	47,600	4.86	100,000	7004109650000000000♠10,965 (2011)[33]
Mexico	40,000	0.31	50,000	7004674760000000000♠67,476 (2010)[33]
Netherlands	29,900	1.77	52,000	6999100000000000000♠0.1% (2016)[35]
Belgium	29,500	2.63	40,000	N/A
Italy	27,400	0.44	40,000	N/A
Switzerland	18,800	2.27	25,000	7004167630000000000♠16,763 (2011)[33]
Chile	18,300	1.02	26,000	7004149760000000000♠14,976 (2002)[33]
Uruguay	17,000	5.00	25,000	N/A
Turkey	15,500	0.20	21,000	N/A
Sweden	15,000	1.53	25,000	N/A
Spain	11,800	0.25	18,000	N/A
Belarus	10,400	1.09	25,000	7004129350000000000♠12,935 (2009)[36]
Panama	10,000	2.5	15,000[37]	N/A
Romania	9,300	0.47	17,000	7003351900000000000♠3,519 (2011)[33]
Austria	9,000	1.05	17,000	7003814000000000000♠8,140 (2001)[33]
Iran	9,000	0.11	12,000	7003982600000000000♠9,826 (2016)[33]
Azerbaijan	8,400	0.87	16,000	7003908400000000000♠9,084 (2009)[38]
Venezuela	7,700	0.25	12,000	5000000000000000000♠0% (2010)[39]
New Zealand	7,500	1.63	9,500	7003686700000000000♠6,867 (2013)[33]
Denmark	6,400	1.12	8,500	N/A
India	5,000	0.00	7,000	7003465000000000000♠4,650 (2011)[40]
Latvia	5,000	2.50	12,000	7003833200000000000♠8,332 (2018)[41]
Greece	4,300	0.37	6,000	N/A
Czech Republic	3,900	0.37	6,500	7003147400000000000♠1,474 (2011)[42]
Moldova	3,500	0.85	7,500	7002584000000000000♠584 (2014)[43]
Uzbekistan	3,500	0.11	8,000	7004946890000000000♠94,689 (1989)[44]
Poland	3,200	0.08	7,500	7003248800000000000♠2,488 (2011)[45]
Kazakhstan	2,900	0.17	6,500	7003528100000000000♠5,281 (2009)[33]
Lithuania	2,700	0.93	6,500	7003122900000000000♠1,229 (2011)[33]
China[b]	2,600	0.00	3,300	N/A
Georgia South Ossetia	2,600	0.68	6,000	7003141700000000000♠1,417 (2014)[33] 7000100000000000000♠1 (2015)[46]
Slovakia	2,600	0.48	4,600	7003199900000000000♠1,999 (2011)[33]
Costa Rica	2,500	0.52	3,100	N/A
Colombia	2,300	0.05	3,200	N/A
Morocco	2,300	0.07	2,700	N/A
Bulgaria	2,000	0.28	6,000	7002706000000000000♠706 (2011)[33]
Estonia	2,000	1.54	3,400	7002355000000000000♠355 (2011)[33]
Peru	1,900	0.06	3,000	N/A
Croatia	1,700	0.40	3,000	7002536000000000000♠536 (2011)[33]
Ireland	1,600	0.35	2,400	7003192100000000000♠1,921 (2016)[47]
Puerto Rico	1,500	0.43	2,500	N/A
Serbia	1,400	0.20	2,800	7002578000000000000♠578 (2011)[33]
Finland	1,300	0.24	1,900	7003109300000000000♠1,093 (2017)[48]
Norway	1,300	0.25	2,000	7002789000000000000♠789 (2018)[49]
Tunisia	1,100	0.10	1,300	N/A
Japan	1,000	0.01	1,400	N/A
Paraguay	1,000	0.14	1,600	7003110000000000000♠1,100 (2002)[33]
Guatemala	900	0.06	1,500	N/A
Singapore	900	0.16	1,200	N/A
Ecuador	600	0.04	1,000	N/A
Gibraltar	600	20.00	800	7002763000000000000♠763 (2012)[33]
Luxembourg	600	1.00	1,000	N/A
Portugal	600	0.06	1,000	7003306100000000000♠3,061 (2011)[33]
Bolivia	500	0.05	900	N/A
Bosnia and Herzegovina	500	0.14	1,000	7002262000000000000♠262 (2013)[50]
Cuba	500	0.05	1,500	N/A
United States Virgin Islands	400	3.64	700	N/A
Kyrgyzstan	400	0.07	1,000	7002455000000000000♠455 (2018)[51]
Zimbabwe	400	0.02	800	N/A
Bahamas	300	0.75	700	7002191000000000000♠191 (2010)[33]
Kenya	300	0.01	700	N/A
Jamaica	200	0.07	400	7002506000000000000♠506 (2011)[33]
Suriname	200	0.33	600	7002181000000000000♠181 (2012)[52]
Thailand	200	0.00	400	N/A
Turkmenistan	200	0.04	400	7003153700000000000♠1,537 (1995)[53]
Botswana	100	0.05	300	N/A
Democratic Republic of the Congo	100	0.00	300	N/A
Cyprus	100	0.08	300	N/A
Dominican Republic	100	0.01	300	N/A
Egypt	100	0.00	300	N/A
El Salvador	100	0.02	300	N/A
Ethiopia	100	0.00	1,000	N/A
Macedonia	100	0.05	300	7001530000000000000♠53 (2002)[54]
Malta	100	0.25	300	N/A
Namibia	100	0.04	300	N/A
Nigeria	100	0.00	300	N/A
Philippines	100	0.00	300	N/A
Slovenia	100	0.05	300	7001990000000000000♠99 (2001)[33]
South Korea	100	0.00	300	N/A
Syria	100	0.01	300	N/A
Taiwan	100	0.00	300	N/A
Aruba	-	-	-	7002354000000000000♠354 (2010)[33]
Nicaragua	-	-	-	7002199000000000000♠199 (2005)[33]
Bermuda	-	-	-	7002135000000000000♠135 (2010)[33]
Armenia	-	-	-	7002127000000000000♠127 (2011)[55]
Barbados	-	-	-	7002103000000000000♠103 (2011)[33]
Mauritius	-	-	-	7001430000000000000♠43 (2011)[33]
Tajikistan	-	-	-	7001380000000000000♠38 (2010)[38][56]
Anguilla	-	-	-	7001160000000000000♠16 (2001)[33]
Faroe Islands	-	-	-	7001120000000000000♠12 (2011)[57]
Montenegro	-	-	-	7001120000000000000♠12 (2003)[33]
British Virgin Islands	-	-	-	7001110000000000000♠11 (2010)[33]
Falkland Islands	-	-	-	7000100000000000000♠1 (2006)[33]

Remnant and vanished populations

The above table represents Jews that number at least a few dozen per country. Reports exist of Jewish communities remaining in other territories in the low single digits that are on the verge of disappearing, particularly in the Muslim world, as their reaction to the birth of Israel in 1948 was the persecution of Jews in nearly all Muslim lands; these are often of historical interest as they represent the remnant of much larger Jewish populations. For example, Egypt had a Jewish community of 80,000 in the early 20th century that numbered fewer than 40 as of 2014, mainly because of the forced expulsion movements to Israel and other countries at that time.^[58] Afghanistan may have only one Jew left, Zablon Simintov, despite a 2,000 year history of Jewish presence.^[59] In Syria, another ancient Jewish community saw mass exodus at the end of the 20th century and numbered fewer than 20 in the midst of the Syrian Civil War.^[60] The size of the Jewish community in Indonesia has been variously given as 65, 100, or 18 at most over the last 50 years.^[61][62]

Core Jewish population

According to the Jewish Data Bank (Table 4),^[63] the 22 countries as of 2016^[update] with the largest core Jewish populations were:

Country Core Jewish population % of total 1 Israel 6,336,400 44% 2 United States 5,700,000 39.5% 3 France 460,000 3.2% 4 Canada 388,000 2.7% 5 United Kingdom 290,000 2.0% 6 Argentina 180,700 1.3% 7 Russian Federation 179,500 1.2% 8 Germany 117,000 0.8% 9 Australia 113,000 0.8% 10 Brazil 94,200 0.7% 11 South Africa 69,500 0.5% 12 Ukraine 56,000 0.4% 13 Hungary 47,600 0.3% 14 Mexico 40,000 0.3% 15 Netherlands 29,900 0.2% 16 Belgium 29,500 0.2% 17 Italy 27,400 0.2% 18 Switzerland 18,800 0.1% 19 Chile 18,300 0.1% 20 Uruguay 17,000 0.1% 21 Turkey 15,500 0.1% 22 Sweden 15,000 0.1%

Jewish population by city as a percentage of total population (list does not include cities in Israel)

Rank	City	Country	Percent	Number
1	Qırmızı Qəsəbə[64]	Azerbaijan	100	3,300
2	Kiryas Joel[65]	United States	99	22,000
3	Deal	United States	91	600[citation needed]
4	Beachwood[66]	United States	90.4	10,700
5	Hampstead[67]	Canada	74.2	5,170
6	Côte-Saint-Luc[68]	Canada	69.1	20,146
7	Lakewood[69]	United States	59	59,607
8	Teaneck[70]	United States	50	18,000
9	Livingston	United States	46	12,600[citation needed]
10	Caulfield North[71]	Australia	41.1	8619
11	Elstree, Hertfordshire[72]	United Kingdom	36.0	1,840
12	Caulfield South[73]	Australia	33.9	4,008
13	Rose Bay[74]	Australia	27.3	2,744
14	Radlett, Hertfordshire[75][76]	United Kingdom	26.28	2,579
15	Sarcelles[77]	France	25	15,000
16	Mercer Island[78]	United States	25	5,000
17	St Kilda East[79]	Australia	24.8	3,246
18	Créteil[80]	France	24.4	22,000
19	Vaucluse[81]	Australia	23.2	2,163
20	Westmount[82]	Canada	23.2	4,495
21	Bellevue Hill[83]	Australia	21.4	2,300
22	Dollard-des-Ormeaux[84]	Canada	21.1	10,115
23	Shenley, Hertfordshire[85]	United Kingdom	15.7	864
24	New York City[86]	United States	18	1,540,000
25	Elsternwick[87]	Australia	17.8	1,846
26	Bushey, Hertfordshire[88]	United Kingdom	17.65	4,546
27	Vaughan[89]	Canada	15.28	43,760
28	Bondi[90]	Australia	12.7	1,272
29	Borehamwood, Hertfordshire[91]	United Kingdom	12.22	3,906
30	Mount Royal[92]	Canada	12.0	2,205
31	Chigwell Row, Essex[93]	United Kingdom	13.3	294
32	Chigwell, Essex[94]	United Kingdom	11.5	1,492
33	Miami[95][not in citation given]	United States	9.86	535,000
34	Marseille[96]	France	9	70,000
35	Buenos Aires[97]	Argentina	8.22	244,000
36	Moor Park, Hertfordshire[98]	United Kingdom	8.1	448
37	Bricket Wood, Hertfordshire[99]	United Kingdom	6.67	273
38	Bury[100]	United Kingdom	5.60	10,360
39	Philadelphia[95]	United States	4.89	276,000
40	Buckhurst Hill, Essex[101][102]	United Kingdom	4.83	549
41	Toronto[103]	Canada	4.21	103,500

See also

• Aliyah


• Historical Jewish population comparisons


• Jewish ethnic divisions


• Jewish population by urban areas


• Judaism


• Judaism by country

Notes

1. 
   ^ Numbers in this list are the total for Israel proper as well as Israeli settlers in the West Bank. Broken down by area, the Jewish population numbers are:^[25]
   
   
   • 
     Israel: 5,959,200 (core); 6,320,900 (enlarged)
   
   
   • 
     West Bank: 377,200 (core); 385,500 (enlarged)
   
   
   
   


2. 
   ^ Figures includes mainland China and Hong Kong SAR. See: History of the Jews in China and History of the Jews in Hong Kong.
   

References

1. 
   ^ Cite error: The named reference toi18 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
   
   


2. 
   ^ ^ab DellaPergola, Sergio (2016). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "World Jewish Population, 2016". Current Jewish Population Reports. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). 116. Retrieved 29 September 2017..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
   


3. 
   ^ ^abcd DellaPergola, Sergio (2014). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "World Jewish Population, 2014". Current Jewish Population Reports. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). 113: 301–393. Retrieved 8 July 2015.
   


4. 
   ^ ^abcdef DellaPergola, Sergio (2015). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "World Jewish Population, 2015". Current Jewish Population Reports. The American Jewish Year Book (Dordrecht: Springer). 115: 273–364. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
   


5. 
   ^ ^abcd "US Jewish Population is Anywhere Between 5.425 Million and 6.722 Million". Jewish Political News and Updates. 18 February 2013. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
   


6. 
   ^ "World Jewish Population - Latest Statistics". Retrieved 14 February 2015.
   


7. 
   ^ ^ab "The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population". 9 February 2015.
   


8. 
   ^ "Chart: The decline of Europe's Jewish population". Washington Post.
   


9. 
   ^ "Haredi Orthodox account for bulk of Jewish population growth in New York City - Nation". Jewish Journal. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
   


10. 
    ^ Yaakov Levi. "Israel Population Now 8.3 Million - 75% Are Jewish". Israel National News. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


11. 
    ^ "Fertility Rates, by Age and Religion". Statistical Abstract of Israel. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 11 September 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
    


12. 
    ^ "Data: Arab Growth Slows, Still Higher than Jewish Rate". Israel National News. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


13. 
    ^ Post-Soviet Aliyah and Jewish Demographic Transformation - Mark Tolts.
    


14. 
    ^ "Immigration to Israel by Year". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


15. 
    ^ "Demography". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


16. 
    ^ European Jewish Congress. "The Jewish Community of France". Retrieved 29 September 2017.
    


17. 
    ^ "La communauté juive de France compte 550.000 personnes, dont 25.000 à Toulouse". France info. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
    


18. 
    ^ "France tops list for Jewish emigration to Israel". RFI. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


19. 
    ^ "Why 5,000 Jews emigrated from France to Israel last year". The Local Europe AB. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
    


20. 
    ^ Sheskin, Ira; Dashefsky, Arnold (2 November 2012). Dashefsky, Arnold; Sheskin, Ira, eds. "Jewish Population in the United States, 2012" (PDF). Current Jewish Population Reports. Storrs, Connecticut: North American Jewish Data Bank. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


21. 
    ^ Tighe, Elizabeth; et al. (September 2013). "American Jewish Population Estimates: 2012" (PDF). Brandeis University: Steinhardt Social Research Institute. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
    


22. 
    ^ 2012. Retrieved on 30 January 2014.
    


23. 
    ^ "Jewish populations in Europe". Institute for Jewish Policy Research. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
    


24. 
    ^ "Country Comparison: Population". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
    


25. 
    ^ ^abcd "Jewish population - world 2016"" (PDF). http://www.jewishdatabank.org. Retrieved 2018-10-25. External link in |website= (help)
    


26. 
    ^ "Statistical Abstract of Israel 2016". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


27. 
    ^ "Data tables, 2016 Census". Statistics of Canada. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


28. 
    ^ "DC2107EW - Religion by sex by age". Nomis - official labour market statistics.
    


29. 
    ^ "Scotland's Census 2011 - National Records of Scotland" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


30. 
    ^ "'I've undertaken three Jewish heritage walks in Northern Ireland and 200 people from all sections of wider society took part. One of them told me it was a pleasure to do something in Belfast which related to neither Protestant or Catholic history...'". Belfast Telegraph. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


31. 
    ^ "Приложение 2. Hациональный состав населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


32. 
    ^ "Personen nach Religion (ausführlich) für Deutschland". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


33. 
    ^ ^{abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagah} "Population by religion, sex and urban/rural residence". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


34. 
    ^ "The distribution of the population by nationality and mother tongue". Statistics of Ukraine. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


35. 
    ^ "De religieuze kaart van Nederland, 2010–2015" (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 December 2018.
    


36. 
    ^ "Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


37. 
    ^ "2017 Population in Panama is now 15,000".
    


38. 
    ^ ^ab "Population by national and/or ethnic group, sex and urban/rural residence". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


39. 
    ^ "Cuadro 8. Autodefinición en materia religiosa (GIS XXI, 2011)" (PDF). p. 216. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


40. 
    ^ "For India's Jewish Community, Wait for Minority Status Continues". 28 July 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


41. 
    ^ "Latvijas iedzīvotāju sadalījums pēc nacionālā sastāva un valstiskās piederības" (PDF). Ministry of Interior of Latvia. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


42. 
    ^ "WJC - Czechia". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


43. 
    ^ "Religious composition: 2014 census". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


44. 
    ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года. Национальный состав населения по республикам СССР". Demoscope.ru. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


45. 
    ^ "Tabl. 4.2. Ludność według rodzaju i kolejności identyfikacji narodowo-etnicznych w 2011 roku" (PDF). Statistics of Poland. p. 91. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


46. 
    ^ "Итоги всеобщей переписи населения РЮО 2015" (PDF). p. 128. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


47. 
    ^ "EY036: Actual and Percentage Change in Population Usually Resident and Present 2011 to 2016 by Sex, Religion, CensusYear and Statistic". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


48. 
    ^ "016 -- Population by religious community, age and sex in 2000 to 2017". Statistics of Finland. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


49. 
    ^ "Members of religious and life stance communities outside the Church of Norway, by religion/life stance. Per 1 January1". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


50. 
    ^ "1. Stanovništvo prema etničkoj/nacionalnoj pripadnosti - detaljna klasifikacija". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


51. 
    ^ 5.01.00.03 Национальный состав населения. [5.01.00.03 Total population by nationality] (XLS). Bureau of Statistics of Kyrgyzstan (in Russian, Kyrgyz, and English). 2018.
    


52. 
    ^ "Definitieve Resultaten Achtste Algemene Volkstelling (Vol. I)" (PDF). p. 39.
    


53. 
    ^ "Archived copy" Итоги всеобщей переписи населения Туркменистана по национальному составу в 1995 году.. asgabat.net (in Russian). asgabat.net. Archived from the original on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 31 July 2012.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
    


54. 
    ^ "T-03.01.3: Население според припадноста кон етничка заедница, по пописи" (PDF). p. 71. Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


55. 
    ^ "ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ՓՈՔՐԱՄԱՍՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒ". Retrieved 31 July 2018.
    


56. 
    ^ Национальный состав, владение языками и гражданство населения Республики Таджикистан Том III(PDF) (in Russian and Tajik). Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


57. 
    ^ "CS 10.1.2 Population by religious faith, educational attainment, occupation, country of birth, year of arrival in the country and place of usual residence". Retrieved 10 December 2018.
    


58. 
    ^ "Egypt's Jewish community buries deputy leader". Al Jazeera. 12 March 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
    


59. 
    ^ Donati, Jessica; Harooni, Mirwais (12 November 2013). "Last Jew in Afghanistan faces ruin as kebabs fail to sell". Reuters. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
    


60. 
    ^ "Syria". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
    


61. 
    ^ CIA World Fact Book
    


62. 
    ^ Levenda 2007, pp. 188.
    


63. 
    ^ "World Jewish Population 2016" (PDF). jewishdatabank.org.
    


64. 
    ^ "It's an all-Jewish town, but no, it's not in Israel". 2011-07-14.
    


65. 
    ^ "Kiryas Joel is 'a holistic cradle-to-grave Jewish society'". 2013-03-18. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
    


66. 
    ^ "2011 Greater Cleveland Jewish Population Study". 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
    


67. 
    ^ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Hampstead". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
    


68. 
    ^ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Côte Saint-Luc". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
    


69. 
    ^ "Lakewood CDP, New Jersey)". United States Census. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
    


70. 
    ^ "Teaneck CDP, New Jersey)". United States Census. Retrieved 2014-04-25.
    


71. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


72. 
    ^ Template:Census 2011 UK
    


73. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


74. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


75. 
    ^ [1]
    


76. 
    ^ [2]
    


77. 
    ^ "Statistics on Sarcelles". L'Express. 1994-06-09. Retrieved 2014-09-21.
    


78. 
    ^ "Seattle's Jewish population jumped by 70 percent, study finds". 2015-02-02.
    


79. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


80. 
    ^ "Statistics on Créteil". Le Parisien. 2005-09-24. Retrieved 2014-09-21.
    


81. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


82. 
    ^ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Westmount". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
    


83. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


84. 
    ^ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Dollard-des-Ormeaux". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
    


85. 
    ^ [3]
    


86. 
    ^ "World Jewish Population". SimpleToRemember.com – Judaism Online. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
    


87. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


88. 
    ^ Template:Census 2011 UK
    


89. 
    ^ https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3519028&Data=Count&SearchText=Vaughan&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=Religion&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=. Missing or empty |title= (help)
    


90. 
    ^ "2016 Census QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
    


91. 
    ^ Template:Census 2011 GBR
    


92. 
    ^ "Statistics Canada - Community profiles - Mount Royal". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
    


93. 
    ^ [4]
    


94. 
    ^ [5]
    


95. 
    ^ ^ab "America's 30 Most Jewish Cities". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
    


96. 
    ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - France : Jews". Retrieved 2016-09-30.
    


97. 
    ^ "http://www.lanacion.com.ar/710563-son-244000-los-judios-que-viven-en-la-ciudad-segun-un-censo-poblacional". La Nación. 6 June 2005. Retrieved 2016-03-21. External link in |title= (help)
    


98. 
    ^ [6]
    


99. 
    ^ [7]
    


100. 
     ^ [8]
     


101. 
     ^ [9]
     


102. 
     ^ [10]
     


103. 
     ^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2.statcan.ca. 2002-03-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
     

External links

• 
  Israelbooks.com The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute Annual Assessment 2004–2005: Between Thriving and Decline. Gefen Publishing House.


• Publications on Jewish population at the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner
  


• 
  Jewish Population and Migration, by YIVO Encyclopedia