Wheatbelt (Western Australia)









Location of the Wheatbelt within Western Australia




Grain receival and storage facility at Yealering





Land degradation caused by salinity, near Babakin




Bencubbin–Kellerberrin Road


The Wheatbelt is one of nine regions of Western Australia defined as administrative areas for the state's regional development, and a vernacular term for the area converted to agriculture during colonisation.[a] It partially surrounds the Perth metropolitan area, extending north from Perth to the Mid West region, and east to the Goldfields-Esperance region. It is bordered to the south by the South West and Great Southern regions, and to the west by the Indian Ocean, the Perth metropolitan area, and the Peel region. Altogether, it has an area of 154,862 square kilometres (59,793 sq mi) (including islands).


The region has 43 local government authorities, with an estimated population of 75,000 residents. The Wheatbelt accounts for approximately three per cent of Western Australia's population.[3]




Contents






  • 1 Ecosystems


  • 2 Industry and economy


  • 3 Change


  • 4 Transport


  • 5 Local government areas


  • 6 Sub-regions within the Wheatbelt


    • 6.1 Wheatbelt Development Commission


    • 6.2 Tourism regions




  • 7 See also


  • 8 Notes


  • 9 References


  • 10 External links





Ecosystems


The area, once a diverse ecosystem, where clearing began in the 1890s with the removal of plant species such as eucalypt woodlands and mallee, is now home to around 11% of Australia's critically endangered plants.[4]


The Wheatbelt encompasses a range of ecosystems and, as a result, there are a range of industries operating in the region.[clarification needed]


In the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia there are a number of subdivisions such as the Avon Wheatbelt (AVW), and a further breakdown of Avon Wheatbelt P1 (AW1) and Avon Wheatbelt P2 (AW2), Jarrah Forest, Geraldton Sandplains and Mallee regions.



Industry and economy


Near the coast, the region receives relatively high rainfall and mild temperatures, and its 150 kilometres (93 mi) of coastline is a significant tourist area. In contrast, the eastern fringe is very arid, and is mainly used for pastoral farming of sheep. Mining of gold, nickel and iron ore also occurs. The remainder of the region is highly suited to agriculture, and is the source of nearly two thirds of the state's wheat production, half of its wool production, and the majority of its lamb and mutton, oranges, honey, cut flowers and a range of other agricultural and pastoral products.



Change


With a range of climate and economic changes in the region, considerable effort is made by government at all levels to cope with the decline of some communities, and create opportunities for ventures that keep population in the region.[5]



Transport


See also: Major roads in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia

The Wheatbelt once had an extensive railway system, which transported bulk wheat grain. It has been reduced in part, while the main lines are being supported.


Six main highways radiating out from Perth serve the Wheatbelt: Brand Highway (north-west to Geraldton), Great Northern Highway (north-east to Wyndham), Great Eastern Highway (east to Kalgoorlie), Great Southern Highway (east to York, then south to Cranbrook), Brookton Highway (east-south-east to Brookton), and Albany Highway (south-east to Albany). A network of main roads connects towns within the Wheatbelt to each other, the highways, and neighbouring regions, with local roads providing additional links and access to smaller townsites. Roads are often named after the towns they connect.[6][7][8]



Local government areas


The following list is those shires listed in the Wheatbelt as designated by the Wheatbelt Development Commission.[9] Some shires in adjoining regions are traditionally considered part of the Wheatbelt – there are shires in the Great Southern, Goldfields-Esperance and Mid West regions that are dominantly grain growing areas. All but one of the region's local government areas are shires:


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}


  • Beverley

  • Brookton

  • Bruce Rock

  • Chittering

  • Corrigin

  • Cuballing

  • Cunderdin

  • Dandaragan

  • Dalwallinu

  • Dowerin

  • Dumbleyung

  • Gingin

  • Goomalling

  • Kellerberrin

  • Kondinin

  • Koorda

  • Kulin

  • Lake Grace

  • Merredin

  • Moora

  • Mount Marshall

  • Mukinbudin

  • Narembeen

  • Narrogin (Shire)

  • Narrogin (Town)

  • Northam

  • Nungarin

  • Pingelly

  • Quairading

  • Tammin

  • Toodyay

  • Trayning

  • Victoria Plains

  • Wagin

  • Wandering

  • West Arthur

  • Westonia

  • Wickepin

  • Williams

  • Wongan-Ballidu

  • Wyalkatchem

  • Yilgarn

  • York





Wheat growing north-east of Northam, Western Australia




Sub-regions within the Wheatbelt


There are numerous subdivisions of the Wheatbelt, and in most cases the separation is by local government areas.



Wheatbelt Development Commission


The Wheatbelt Development Commission[10] (WDC) breaks the region up into five sub-regions with five offices:




  • Avon

    • Shire of Beverley

    • Shire of Cunderdin

    • Shire of Dowerin

    • Shire of Goomalling

    • Shire of Koorda

    • Shire of Northam

    • Shire of Quairading

    • Shire of Tammin

    • Shire of Toodyay

    • Shire of Wyalkatchem

    • Shire of York



  • Central Coast, comprising:


    • Shire of Dandaragan – WDC office in Jurien Bay

    • Shire of Gingin



  • Central Midlands, comprising:

    • Shire of Chittering

    • Shire of Dalwallinu


    • Shire of Moora – WDC office in Moora

    • Shire of Victoria Plains

    • Shire of Wongan-Ballidu



  • Central East

    • Shire of Bruce Rock

    • Shire of Kellerberrin


    • Shire of Merredin – WDC office in Merredin

    • Shire of Mount Marshall

    • Shire of Mukinbudin

    • Shire of Narembeen

    • Shire of Nungarin

    • Shire of Trayning

    • Shire of Westonia

    • Shire of Yilgarn



  • Wheatbelt South

    • Shire of Brookton

    • Shire of Corrigin

    • Shire of Cuballing

    • Shire of Dumbleyung

    • Shire of Kondinin

    • Shire of Kulin

    • Shire of Lake Grace


    • Shire of Narrogin – WDC office in Narrogin

    • Shire of Pingelly

    • Shire of Wagin

    • Shire of Wandering

    • Shire of West Arthur

    • Shire of Wickepin

    • Shire of Williams






Tourism regions


In some schemes such as one of the Western Australian tourism regions, all of the Wheatbelt is allocated to the larger Australia's Golden Outback as the Wheatbelt and Wave Rock.[11]


However the shires within the Wheatbelt are in tourist terms further divided into internal regions:


  • The eastern Wheatbelt is separated into Wheatbelt North East, Wheatbelt Central and The Open Wheatbelt.[12]


See also


  • Wheatbelt (Australia)


Notes





  1. ^ At least some early twentieth century references have "wheat belt" as two separate words.[1][2]




References





  1. ^ "THE WHEAT BELT". The West Australian. Perth. 13 October 1920. p. 7. Retrieved 11 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "The New Agricultural Commissioner for Western Australia's Wheat Belt". Bunbury Herald. WA. 27 April 1911. p. 3. Retrieved 11 September 2015 – via National Library of Australia.


  3. ^ "Government of Western Australia Department of Regional Development" (PDF). Wheatbelt: a region in profile 2014. 2014.


  4. ^ Silcock, Jen (1 September 2016). "Hanging on: What does it mean to be Red Hot?: Australia's most imperilled plants and their recovery". Wildlife Australia. 53 (3).


  5. ^ http://www.wheatbelt.wa.gov.au/ Wheatbelt Development Commission


  6. ^ Main Roads Western Australia (28 February 2011). "Wheatbelt Network" (Map). Intergrated Service Arrangement. 1:2,040,816. Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.


  7. ^ Main Roads Western Australia (13 August 2013). Wheatbelt North Region map (PDF) (Map). 1:721,154. Version 1.0. Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.


  8. ^ Main Roads Western Australia (13 August 2013). Wheatbelt South Region map (PDF) (Map). 1:590,551. Version 1.0. Government of Western Australia. Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.


  9. ^ http://wheatbelt.wa.gov.au/Maps – the most helpful maps being the "Wheatbelt Development Commission Map"


  10. ^ "Wheatbelt Development Commission". Retrieved 2 October 2013.


  11. ^ "Wheatbelt and Wave Rock". Australia's Golden Outback. Retrieved 31 October 2015.


  12. ^ http://www.wheatbelttourism.com The Central Wheatbelt Visitor Centre is based in Merredin




External links


  • Wheatbelt Development Commission


Coordinates: 32°S 118°E / 32°S 118°E / -32; 118








-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

圖片
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No.  built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA
閱讀完整內容

Shark

圖片
For other uses, see Shark (disambiguation). Sharks Temporal range: Ludfordian-Present, 425–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N [1] Clockwise from top left: spiny dogfish, Japanese sawshark, whale shark, great white shark, horn shark, frilled shark, scalloped hammerhead and Australian angelshark representing the orders Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, Heterodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes and Squatiniformes respectively. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Infraclass: Euselachii Superorder: Selachimorpha Orders Carcharhiniformes Heterodontiformes Hexanchiformes Lamniformes Orectolobiformes Pristiophoriformes Squaliformes Squatiniformes † Cladoselachiformes † Hybodontiformes † Symmoriida † Xenacanthida (Xenacantiformes) † Elegestolepis † = extinct Synonyms Pleurotremata Sharks
閱讀完整內容

Wiciokrzew

圖片
Wiciokrzew, suchodrzew Morfologia (wiciokrzew pospolity) Systematyka [1] Domena eukarionty Królestwo rośliny Klad rośliny naczyniowe Klad rośliny nasienne Klasa okrytonasienne Klad astrowe Rząd szczeciowce Rodzina przewiertniowate Rodzaj wiciokrzew Nazwa systematyczna Lonicera L. Sp. Pl. 173. 1 Mai 1753 Typ nomenklatoryczny Lonicera caprifolium L. [2] Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Hasło w Wikisłowniku Kwiaty suchodrzewu pospolitego Owoce suchodrzewu pospolitego Kwiaty wiciokrzewu pomorskiego Kwiaty wiciokrzewu przewiercienia Wiciokrzew , suchodrzew ( Lonicera L.) – rodzaj roślin wieloletnich należący do rodziny przewiertniowatych ( Caprifoliaceae ). Rośliny zielne i pnące nazywane są wiciokrzewami, natomiast krzewy i niewielkie drzewa – suchodrzewami. Rodzaj liczy około 180 gatunków szeroko rozprzestrzenionych na całej półkuli północnej [3] [4]
閱讀完整內容