Free economic zone




"Free port" redirects here. It is not to be confused with various places named Freeport.



Geographic locations of the Free Economic Zones as of 2012


Free economic zones (FEZ), free economic territories (FETs) or free zones (FZ) are a class of special economic zone (SEZ) designated by the trade and commerce administrations of various countries. The term is used to designate areas in which companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage economic activity. The taxation rules are determined by each country. The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM) has content on the conditions and benefits of free zones.


Some special economic zones are called free ports. Sometimes they have historically been endowed with favorable customs regulations such as the free port of Trieste. In recent years the free port system has been accused of facilitating international art crime, allowing stolen artworks to remain undetected in storage for decades.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Definition


  • 2 History


  • 3 List of free economic zones by country


    • 3.1 Albania


    • 3.2 Argentina


    • 3.3 Armenia


    • 3.4 Bangladesh


    • 3.5 Belarus


    • 3.6 Bolivia


    • 3.7 Brazil


    • 3.8 Bulgaria


    • 3.9 Chile


    • 3.10 China


    • 3.11 Egypt


    • 3.12 France


    • 3.13 Georgia


    • 3.14 Germany


    • 3.15 Ghana


    • 3.16 India


    • 3.17 Iran


    • 3.18 Iraq


    • 3.19 Ireland


    • 3.20 Italy


    • 3.21 South Korea


    • 3.22 Latvia


    • 3.23 Lithuania


    • 3.24 Nigeria


    • 3.25 North Macedonia


    • 3.26 Malaysia


    • 3.27 Moldova


    • 3.28 Mongolia


    • 3.29 Morocco


    • 3.30 Norway


    • 3.31 Oman


    • 3.32 Pakistan


    • 3.33 Peru


    • 3.34 Philippines


    • 3.35 Qatar


    • 3.36 Russia


    • 3.37 Serbia


    • 3.38 Spain


    • 3.39 Somaliland


    • 3.40 Switzerland


    • 3.41 Tajikistan


    • 3.42 Turkey


    • 3.43 Turkmenistan


    • 3.44 Ukraine


    • 3.45 United Arab Emirates


    • 3.46 United Kingdom


    • 3.47 United States


    • 3.48 Vietnam


    • 3.49 Yemen




  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 Bibliography


  • 7 External links





Definition


According to the 1999 Revised Kyoto Convention, a "'free zone' means a part of the territory of a contracting party where any goods introduced are generally regarded, insofar as import duties and taxes are concerned, as being outside the customs territory."[2]



History


An early type of special economic zone was free ports, these historically were endowed with favorable customs regulations. In modern times free port has come to mean a specific type of special economic zone, for example LADOL. All "free ports" in the world are permitted by the respective States, save the Free Port of Trieste that with the signing of the 16th Resolution of the Security Council of the United Nations [3] (10 January 1947)
and the signing of the Treaty of Peace with Italy (10 February 1947, ratified 15 September 1947) were put territorially under the sovereignty of the United Nations itself. As cited on Annex VIII, Article 3 paragraph 2 : "The establishment of special zones in the Free Port under the exclusive jurisdiction of any State is incompatible with the status of the Free Territory and of the Free Port". For example, it is not possible to apply the "Italian Law on Ports" in the extraterritorial free zones of the UN Free Port of Trieste with the effect that all actual territorial concessions are null and void.



List of free economic zones by country


Main article: List of free economic zones


Albania




  • Spitalle[4][5]

  • Koplik


  • Vlore[6]



Argentina




  • General Pico Free Zone[7]

  • Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur



Armenia


  • Gyumri


Bangladesh


Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority



Belarus



  • Brest FEZ

  • FEZ Mogilev

  • FEZ Vitebsk



Bolivia



  • Cobija Free Economic Zone (Zona Franca de Cobija, in Spanish)[8]


Brazil



  • Free Economic Zone of Manaus, in Manaus


Bulgaria



  • Burgas

  • Rousse

  • Plovdiv

  • Dragoman,_Bulgaria

  • Vidin

  • Svilengrad



Chile



  • Iquique

  • Punta Arenas



China



  • Hong Kong

  • Macau

  • Shenzhen

  • Pearl River Delta



Egypt




  • Port Said Public Free Zone

  • Alexandria Public Free Zone

  • Nasr City Public Free Zone

  • Suez Public Free Zone

  • Ismailia Public Free Zone

  • Damietta Public Free Zone

  • Media Public Free Zone

  • Shebin El- Kom Public Free Zone

  • Qeft Public Free Zone

  • Port Said East Port Public Free Zone



France



  • Bordeaux, Grand Port de Bordeaux


Georgia



  • Poti, Samegrelo region


Germany



  • Speicherstadt, Hamburg


Ghana



  • Tema, Free Zone Enclave


India




  • Sricity Multi Product SEZ, Andhra Pradesh[9]


  • SEEPZ, Mumbai

  • MARG Swarnabhoomi SEZs for Engineering and Multi Services, Tamil Nadu[10]

  • Inspira Pharma & Renewable Energy Park, Aurangabad, Maharashtra[11]



Iran



  • Kish

  • Aras Free Zone

  • Anzali Free Zone

  • Arvand Free Zone

  • Chabahar Free Zone

  • Gheshm Free Zone

  • Maku Free Zone

  • Imam Khomeini Airport City Free Zone



Iraq


  • Sulaymaniyah Free Zone


Ireland



  • Shannon Free Zone[12]


Italy



  • Erice

  • Gela

  • Crotone

  • Rossano

  • Lamezia Terme

  • Matera

  • Taranto

  • Lecce

  • Andria

  • Naples

  • Torre Annunziata

  • Mondragone

  • Campobasso

  • Velletri

  • Sora

  • Pescara

  • Massa Carrara

  • Ventimiglia



South Korea




  • Korean Free Economic Zones[13]

  • Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone[14]


  • Daegu-Gyeongbuk Free Economic Zone[15]

  • Gwangyang Bay Area Free Economic Zone[16]


  • Incheon Free Economic Zone[17]

  • Yellow Sea Free Economic Zone[18]

  • Saemanguem-Gunsan Free Economic Zone[19]

  • East Coast Free Economic Zone[20]


  • Chungbuk Free Economic Zone[21]



Latvia




  • Liepāja Special Economic Zone[22]

  • Rēzekne Special Economic Zone[23]

  • Rīga Freeport Economic Zone[24]

  • Ventspils High Technology Park[25]



Lithuania




  • Marijampolė Free Economic Zone[26]

  • Kaunas Free Economic Zone


  • Klaipėda Free Economic Zone[27]


  • Panevėžys Free Economic Zone[28]

  • Akmenė Free Economic Zone

  • Šiauliai Free Economic Zone

  • Kėdainiai Free Economic Zone



Nigeria



  • Centenary Economic City


  • LADOL Free Zone[29]

  • Nigeria International Commerce city



North Macedonia



  • Free Economic Zone Skopje 1[30]

  • Free Economic Zone Skopje 2[30]

  • Free Economic Zone Stip[30]

  • Free Economic Zone Tetovo[30]



Malaysia


  • Port Klang Free Zone


Moldova



  • Entrepreneurship Free Zone Expo-Business-Chişinău

  • Entrepreneurship Free Zone "Tvardiţa"

  • Entrepreneurship Free Zone "Taraclia"

  • Entrepreneurship Free Zone "Valkaneş"

  • Entrepreneurship Free Zone "Otaci-Business"

  • FEZ "Bălți"
    • Subzone Straseni CAAN


  • FEZ "Ungheni-Business"

  • FEZ Aeroportul Liber Internaţional Mărculeşti

  • FEZ International Free Port Giurgiulești



Mongolia




  • Tsagaan Nuur Free Economic Zone[31]

  • Altanbulag Free Trade Zone[32]

  • Zamyn-Uud Free Economic Zone[32]



Morocco



  • Export Processing Zone of Tangier[33]

  • Free Zones at Tangier Med Ksar el Majaz Mellousa 1 and 2

  • Free Zone in Dakhla and Laayoune

  • Free Storage Zone of hydrocarbons: Kebdana and Nador

  • Export Processing Zone in Kenitra



Norway


  • Svalbard


Oman



  • Knowledge Oasis Muscat

  • Sohar Port and Free Zone

  • Salalah Free Zone

  • Al-Mazunah Free Zone

  • Special Economic Zone Duqm



Pakistan



  • Gwadar Port Gwadar Port free Zone, part of CPEC Project[34][35]


Peru



  • Tacna Free Economic Zone (Zona Franca de Tacna, in Spanish)[36]


Philippines




  • Subic Bay Freeport Zone - first Freeport in the Philippines

  • Clark Freeport Zone



Qatar


Qatar has free zones and Special Economic Zones with differing laws on taxation and corporate ownership



  • Qatar Science & Technology Park

  • Qatar Financial Centre

  • Manateq Special Economic Zones[37]

    • Ras Bufontas

    • Um Alhoul

    • Al Karaana





Russia


In Russia there are only Special Economic Zones


Technical/Innovational Zones



  • Dubna


  • Zelenograd (Moscow)

  • Saint Petersburg

  • Tomsk

  • Innopolis


Industrial/developmental Zones



  • Alabuga Special Economic Zone

  • Lipetsk


Tourist Zones



  • Krasnodar Krai

  • Stavropol Krai


  • Kaliningrad Oblast (Yantar, Kaliningrad Special Economic Zone)

  • Altai Krai

  • Altai Republic

  • Irkutsk Oblast

  • Buryatia

  • Vladivostok



Serbia


Serbia has 14 free economic zones as of September 2017;[38] these are:[38]



  • Free Zone Apatin

  • Free Zone FAS-Kragujevac

  • Free Zone Kruševac

  • Free Zone Niš-South

  • Free Zone Novi Sad

  • Free Zone Pirot

  • Free Zone Priboj

  • Free Zone Smederevo

  • Free Zone Subotica

  • Free Zone Svilajnac

  • Free Zone Šabac

  • Free Zone Užice

  • Free Zone Vranje

  • Free Zone Zrenjanin



Spain



  • Barcelona Free Port

  • Port of Vigo



Somaliland


  • Berbera Free Zone DP World BFZ[39]


Switzerland


  • Geneva Freeport


Tajikistan



  • Sughd Free Economic Zone

  • Panj Free Economic Zone

  • Dangara Free Economic Zone

  • Ishkoshim Free Economic Zone



Turkey


  • See List of free zones of Turkey


Turkmenistan




  • Mary-Baýramaly

  • Okarem-Hazar


  • Turkmenabat-Seidi

  • Bakharden-Serdar


  • Ashgabat-Annau


  • Ashgabat-Bezmein

  • Serakhs

  • Guneshli

  • Ashgabat International Airport


  • Dashoguz Airport[40]



Ukraine



  • Autonomous Republic of Crimea

  • Quarantine Pier of Odessa trade sea port, January 1, 2000, for 25 years

  • Ukraine and EU Free Trade Agreement[41]



United Arab Emirates




  • Abu Dhabi Global Markets[42]

  • Ajman Free Zone

  • Dubai Academic City

  • Dubai Airport Free Zone

  • Dubai Internet City

  • Dubai Media City

  • Dubai Multi Commodities Centre

  • Dubai Knowledge Village

  • Dubai Healthcare City

  • Dubai International Financial Center

  • Dubai Science Park

  • Dubai Outsource Zone

  • Dubai Silicon Oasis

  • Dubai Studio City

  • International Media and Production Zone


  • Jebel Ali Free Zone[43]

  • SAIF ZONE Sharjah


  • twofour54 Abu Dhabi

  • Fujairah Free Zone

  • Fujairah Creative City

  • Ras Al Khaimah Free Trade Zone

  • Masdar City Free Zone Abu Dhabi



United Kingdom




  • London Docklands[citation needed]


  • Bristol Suburbs[vague][citation needed]



United States


  • Foreign-trade zones of the United States


Vietnam



  • Dung Quất

  • Chu Lai

  • Nghi Sơn


  • Vân Đồn[44]

  • Vân Phong[44]


  • Phú Quốc[44]



Yemen



  • Aden Free Zone[45]


See also




  • Bonded logistics park - another type of SEZ


  • Free-trade zone - another type of SEZ

  • Free-trade area

  • Four Asian Tigers



References





  1. ^ "Experts identify top six scandals amid boom in art crime" The Art Newspaper, 1 July 2015 [1]


  2. ^ Revised Kyoto Convention 1999.


  3. ^ https://undocs.org/S/RES/16(1947)


  4. ^ "Technical And Economic Development Areas - Official website of TEDAs in Albania". Retrieved 12 May 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  5. ^ "BIS ALBANIA GROUP". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  6. ^ "ALTAX - LAW. TAX. TRANSPARENCY". 6 May 2016. Archived from the original on 26 May 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  7. ^ "Zona Franca General Pico". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  8. ^ http://zofracobija.gob.bo/


  9. ^ "Integrated Business City - Sri City". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  10. ^ Administrator. "MARG Swarnabhoomi smart city by MARG Group, a GRK Reddy Venture". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  11. ^ "Account Suspended". www.inspirainfra.com.


  12. ^ "Shannon Heritage Home". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  13. ^ "Korean Free Economic Zones". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  14. ^ Authority), BJFEZ (Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone. "BJFEZ (Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone Authority)". eng.bjfez.net.


  15. ^ http://www.dgfez.go.kr Archived 2009-06-05 at the Wayback Machine


  16. ^ 국문 사이트. "광양만권경제자유구역청". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  17. ^ http://www.ifez.go.kr


  18. ^ "황해경제자유구역청". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  19. ^ http://sgfez.go.kr/


  20. ^ "EFEZ - East coast Free Economic Zone : Invest Gangwondo". www.efez.go.kr.


  21. ^ 충청북도. "충청북도". eng.cbfez.go.kr.


  22. ^ "Home". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  23. ^ "Stratēģiskais novietojums". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  24. ^ "Freeport of Riga - Your Reliable Business Partner in the Baltic Sea!". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  25. ^ "VATP". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  26. ^ "Laisvoji ekonominė zona Baltic FEZ". Baltic FEZ. Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  27. ^ "Invest in Klaipėda, Lithuania - FEZ Klaipeda". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  28. ^ "Panevėžio laisvoji ekonomine zona - LEZ Panevėžyje". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  29. ^ "West Africa's High Value Industrial Free Zone and Logistics Hub". Retrieved 19 June 2016.


  30. ^ abcd "Home". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  31. ^ http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-document/66546/36027-07-reg-tacr.pdf


  32. ^ ab "Law on Economic Zones - Invest Mongolia". investmongolia.wordpress.com.


  33. ^ "TMZ - Tanger Med Zones - TMSA". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  34. ^ Islamabad,Pakistan., Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform 'P' block Pak-Secretariat,. "Development of Free Zone - China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Official Website". www.cpec.gov.pk. horizontal tab character in |title= at position 26 (help)


  35. ^ (PCI), Pakistan-China Institute. "CPEC - China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)". www.cpecinfo.com.


  36. ^ "ZOFRATACNA - Zona Franca de Tacna, Perú". Retrieved 12 May 2016.


  37. ^ "Special Economic Zones". Manateq. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-07-29.


  38. ^ ab Mikavica, A. (3 September 2017). "Slobodne zone mamac za investitore". politika.rs (in Serbian). Retrieved 17 March 2019.


  39. ^ "DP WORLD TO DEVELOP FREE ZONE IN SOMALILAND -" (PDF). Retrieved 6 Nov 2017.


  40. ^ Rafis Abazov, Historical Dictionary Of Turkmenistan, p. 62,
    ISBN 978-0-8108-5362-1


  41. ^ "Ukraine and EU are ready to implement free trade agreement". 112.International. Retrieved August 18, 2015.


  42. ^ [www.adgm.com/ "Abu Dhabi Global Markets"] Check |url= value (help). www.adgm.com. Retrieved 29 July 2018.


  43. ^ "JAFZA (Jebel Ali Free Zone)". Business-Dubai.com. Retrieved 23 November 2015.


  44. ^ abc "Xây dựng 3 "đặc khu kinh tế" Vân Đồn, Bắc Vân Phong và Phú Quốc" (in Vietnamese). N.Mạnh. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2017.


  45. ^ "Aden Free Zone". Aden Free Zone Authority. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2016.




Bibliography


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}


  • "Specific Annex D: Customs Warehouses and Free Zones", International Convention on the Simplication and Harmonization of Customs Procedures (Revised Kyoto Convention), World Customs Organization, 1999



External links


  • List of Free Zones in United Arab Emirates







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