Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood






























































Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood



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香港民主民生協進會


Abbreviation ADPL
Chairman Sze Tak-loy
Vice-Chairmen Kalvin Ho
Yeung Yuk
Founded 26 October 1986
Headquarters Rm. 1104, Sunbeam
Commercial Bldg.,
469–471 Nathan Road,
Yau Ma Tei, Kowloon,
Hong Kong
Membership (2018) ~80[1]
Ideology
Liberalism (HK)[2]
Social democracy
Social liberalism
Political position Centre-left
Regional affiliation Pro-democracy camp
Colours
         Yellow and green
Legislative Council

0 / 70

District Councils

12 / 458

Website
adpl.org.hk

  • Politics of Hong Kong

  • Political parties

  • Elections

















Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
Traditional Chinese 香港民主民生協進會











Alternative Chinese name
Traditional Chinese 民協





































Hkpol2.png

Politics and government
of Hong Kong













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The Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (Chinese: 香港民主民生協進會, ADPL) is a Hong Kong pro-democracy social-liberal political party catering to grassroots interest with a strong basis in Sham Shui Po. Established on 26 October 1986, it was one of the three major pro-democracy groups along with the Meeting Point and the Hong Kong Affairs Society in the 1980s.


The ADPL survived through the great unification of the pro-democracy camp in the 1991 and became the only pro-democracy party to sit in the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council in 1997. It was ousted for the first time in the 1998 Legislative Council election. Its veteran former chairman Frederick Fung was the only legislator for the ADPL until he was defeated in the 2016 Legislative Council election in which the party was ousted from the legislature for the second time. It currently holds 12 seats in the District Councils, most of them are in Sham Shui Po.




Contents






  • 1 Stances


  • 2 History


    • 2.1 Founding


    • 2.2 Late colonial period


    • 2.3 After 1997


    • 2.4 Ousted from the LegCo and split




  • 3 Electoral performance


    • 3.1 Chief Executive elections


    • 3.2 Legislative Council elections


    • 3.3 Municipal elections


    • 3.4 District Council elections




  • 4 Leadership


    • 4.1 Chairpersons


    • 4.2 Vice Chairpersons




  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Stances


In general, the ADPL has stated that its aims are to:[3]



  • Strive for a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong under Chinese sovereignty and to implement the "one country, two systems" principle;

  • Advocate democracy, fight for full implementation of direct elections for the Legislative Council, safeguard basic human rights and freedoms of Hong Kong people and preserve Hong Kong's judicial independence;

  • Maintain Hong Kong's prosperity and stability and promote economic development in Hong Kong; and

  • Distribute social resources fairly, improving the quality of life of the less well-off.


Within the pro-democracy camp, the ADPL is usually considered more moderate. Besides demanding universal suffrage, it places a greater emphasis on livelihood issues and has supported an increase in profits and salaries taxes while opposing sales tax, a stance more favourable to lower income groups. The party also called for an increase in education and coverage of medical expenses.



History



Founding


The ADPL was founded on 26 October 1986 as a political organisation by a group of incumbent Urban Councillors, District Board members, members from mainly four grassroots organisations and professionals, the Association for Democracy and Justice, the Society for Social Research, the New Hong Kong Society, the Hong Kong People's Council on Public Housing Policy, the Septentrio Academy and the Sham Shui Po Residents Livelihood Concern Group. The founding chairman was Ding Lik-kiu and vice-chairmen were Frederick Fung and Lee Wing-tat.



Late colonial period


Initially, the ADPL engaged in the electoral reform debate, advocating direct election of the legislature in 1988. It supported the liberal proposals put forward by the Group of 190 coalition. The ADPL was one of the three major pro-democracy groups and performed fairly well in the local and municipal elections the 1980s with its strategic allies the Meeting Point and the Hong Kong Affairs Society. At its peak, it had 140 members, 28 District Board members, one Legislative Councillor, 5 municipal councillors.


In 1990, some leading figures of the ADPL such as vice-chairmen Lee Wing-tat and Albert Chan joined the United Democrats of Hong Kong, which later became the Democratic Party. The ADPL continued to keep its own identity, arguing that it represented grassroots interests whereas the United Democrats were more focused on the middle class.[4] However, as many members joined the new party, the ADPL's membership dropped significantly to only 70 members, 15 District Board members and 2 municipal councillors.


As the ADPL chairman Frederick Fung was elected to the Legislative Council in the 1991 direct election and other members were elected to municipal councils, the ADPL regained its stability and matured from a political organisation to a political party in 1992.[5] It won one seat in the first direct election of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo) in 1991 when Fung was elected. In the 1995 election, the party won four seats. At the time, due to near-parity of representation between the pro-Beijing and pro-democracy camps in Legco, the stance of the moderate ADPL was influential and often pivotal on controversial issues.


On the issue of the establishment of the Provisional Legislative Council, the ADPL initially opposed but then agreed to join the interim body. This led to a group of 16 members leaving to form the Social Democratic Front.[6] ADPL became the only pro-democracy party in the legislature immediately after the establishment of the HKSAR, keeping four members in the interim body. ADPL members also served on the Preparatory Committee for the establishment of the HKSAR.



After 1997


The ADPL lost all its seats in the 1998 Legco election. In the 2000 election, long-time chairman Frederick Fung recovered his directly elected seat in Legco for the ADPL.


At the district level, ADPL traditionally enjoyed a concentration of support in the Sham Shui Po District, with numerous seats across other District councils in the 1990s but it largely lost its influence outside of Sham Shui Po in the early 2000s. The party's seats mainly concentrated in Sham Shui Po, followed by Yau Tsim Mong and Kowloon City Districts in Kowloon West, where Frederick Fung retook his Legco seat in, as well as Wong Tai Sin and Tuen Mun. The party suffered a defeat in the 2007 District Council election which led to Fung's resignation and he was replaced by Bruce Liu.


The ADPL supported the controversial electoral reform package which created five seats in the District Council (Second) functional constituencies which are nominated by District Councillors and elected by all registered voters. In a pan-democrat primary, Fung contested candidacy for the 2012 Chief Executive election but was defeated by the Democratic Party's Albert Ho. He was subsequently re-elected in the new constituency in the 2012 Legco election. Tam Kwok-kiu, however, failed to succeed Fung in Kowloon West, the ADPL's stronghold, its first loss there since 1998.


In the 2015 District Council election, the ADPL won 18 seats while veteran Frederick Fung lost his seat in Lai Kok to Chan Wing-yan of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) and Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions (FTU). Former party member Eric Wong Chung-ki also contested the constituency. On 23 January 2016, Rosanda Mok, former vice chairman of the party, was elected the first female chairperson in the party's history.



Ousted from the LegCo and split


Fung ran in the New Territories West after losing his eligibility to run in District Council (Second) in the 2016 Legislative Council election, while his party colleague Tam Kwok-kiu ran in Kowloon West for the second time. Kalvin Ho Kai-ming, a new Kowloon City District Councillor represented the ADPL to run in the District Council (Second). Both Fung and Tam lost in the election with Ho withdrew from the campaign in order to boost other pro-democrat candidates' chance to win. As a result, the ADPL was ousted from the legislature for the second time. Rosanda Mok resigned for the election defeat. In December, the party elected Sze Tak-loy as new chairman.


In the end of 2016 and early 2017, the ADPL's six district councillors, which included all its members from Yau Tsim Mong District Council and Kowloon City District Council, quit the party over the disputes on the intra party primary of the March 2018 Kowloon West by-election, in which Frederick Fung intended to run. The number of the ADPL District Councillors dropped from 18 to 12 as a result.[7] Kalvin Ho, who also intended to run in the primary, later announced his withdrawal from the primary.[8] As the party resolved to nominate Fung, former chairperson Rosanda Mok also left the party in June 2017.[9] After losing to Yiu Chung-yim in the primary, Fung announced he would not become the backup candidate if Yiu's candidacy was disqualified amid allegedly pressure from the progressive democrats forcing him to withdraw.[10] On 12 July 2018, Fung announced his departure from the ADPL amid speculation that he was going to run for the November Kowloon West by-election as the party intended to back Lau Siu-lai.[11]



Electoral performance



Chief Executive elections














Election
Candidate
# of votes
% of votes

2012

Frederick Fung

Lost primary


Legislative Council elections




































































































Election
Number of
popular votes
% of
popular votes

GC
seats

FC
seats

EC
seats
Total seats
+/−
Position

1991
60,770Steady
4.44Steady
1
0
 –


1 / 60


0Steady
5thIncrease

1995
87,072Increase
9.50Increase
2
1
1


4 / 60


3Increase
4thDecrease

1998
59,034Decrease
3.99Decrease
0
0
0


0 / 60


 –
 –

2000
62,717Increase
4.75Increase
1
0
1


1 / 60


1Increase
7thIncrease

2004
74,671Increase
4.18Decrease
1
0



1 / 60


0Steady
4thIncrease

2008
42,211Decrease
2.79Decrease
1
0


1 / 60


0Steady
7thIncrease

2012
30,634Decrease
1.69Decrease
0
1


1 / 70


0Steady
10thDecrease

2016
33,255Increase
1.53Decrease
0
0


0 / 70


1Decrease
 –

Note: Each voter got two votes in the 1991 Election.



Municipal elections



































Election
Number of
popular votes
% of
popular votes

UrbCo
seats

RegCo
seats
Total
elected seats

1989
21,243Steady
9.99Steady


2 / 15




2 / 12




4 / 27



1991
21,033Decrease
5.37Decrease


2 / 15




0 / 12




2 / 27



1995
38,918Increase
6.98Increase


5 / 32




3 / 27




8 / 59




District Council elections


































































Election
Number of
popular votes
% of
popular votes
Total
elected seats
+/−

1988
65,338Steady
10.25Steady


27 / 264


13Increase

1991
27,979Decrease
5.26Decrease


15 / 272


3Increase

1994
47,740Increase
6.95Increase


29 / 346


12Increase

1999
38,119Decrease
4.70Decrease


19 / 390


1Increase

2003
53,264Increase
5.07Increase


25 / 400


4Increase

2007
52,386Increase
4.60Decrease


17 / 405


7Decrease

2011
45,453Decrease
3.85Decrease


15 / 412


1Decrease

2015
55,275Increase
3.82Decrease


18 / 431


2Increase


Leadership



Chairpersons




  • Ding Lik-kiu, 1986–89


  • Frederick Fung, 1989–2007

    • Bruce Liu, acting 2007–08



  • Bruce Liu, 2008–16


  • Rosanda Mok, 2016

    • Sze Tak-loy, acting 2016



  • Sze Tak-loy, 2016–present



Vice Chairpersons




  • Frederick Fung, 1986–89


  • Lee Wing-tat, 1986–89


  • Law Cheung-kwok, 1989–98

  • Leung Kwong-cheong, 1989–96


  • Bruce Liu, 1906–2007

  • Yim Tin-sang, 1998–2008


  • Tam Kwok-kiu, 2008–present


  • Rosanda Mok, 2008–13

  • Wong Chi-yung, 2013–14

  • Pius Yum, 2014–16


  • Sze Tak-loy, 2016

  • Kalvin Ho, 2016–present

  • Yeung Yuk, 2016–present



References





  1. ^ "民協談合併 成員憂齟齬". 信報. 2018-08-07..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Davies, Stephen; Roberts, Elfed (1990). Political Dictionary for Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Macmillan Publishers (HK) Ltd.


  3. ^ 基本資料. Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (in Chinese).


  4. ^ Allen, Jamie (1997). Seeing Red: China's Uncompromising Takeover of Hong Kong. Taylor & Francis. p. 169. ISBN 9810080832.


  5. ^ Chiu, Stephen Wing Kai; Lui, Tai Lok (2000). The Dynamics of Social Movements in Hong Kong: Real and Financial Linkages and the Prospects for Currency Union. Hong Kong University Press. p. 42.


  6. ^ Allen, Jamie (1997). Seeing Red: China's Uncompromising Takeover of Hong Kong. Taylor & Francis. p. 176.


  7. ^ "民協6人退黨 馮檢基︰唔係因為我". 蘋果日報. 2017-04-18.


  8. ^ "立會補選民協內部爭逐 何啟明讓路馮檢基". 明報. 2017-05-13.


  9. ^ "【九西補選】不滿馮檢基出選 莫嘉嫻退出民協或過檔民主黨". 蘋果日報. 2017-06-26.


  10. ^ "Rift in Hong Kong's political opposition grows as camp fails to agree on backup candidate". South China Morning Post. 24 January 2018.


  11. ^ "Veteran Hong Kong democrat Frederick Fung to quit party he founded 30 years ago". South China Morning Post. 11 July 2018.




External links



  • Web site of ADPL (in Chinese)







這個網誌中的熱門文章

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