Telugu cinema


















Telugu cinema

Prasads2.jpg
Prasads Multiplex, Hyderabad


No. of screens
 2809 screens in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states of India[1]
Main distributors
Arka Media Works
Suresh Productions
Sri Venkateswara Creations
Geetha Arts
14 Reels Entertainment
PVP Cinema
Prasad Art Pictures
Usha Kiron Movies
Vyjayanthi Movies
Annapurna Studios







Indian cinema



  • Assamese

  • Bengali (Tollywood)

  • Bhojpuri

  • Badaga

  • Bihari

  • Chhattisgarhi

  • Deccani (Deccanwood)

  • Dogri

  • Gujarati (Gollywood/Dhollywood)

  • Haryanvi

  • Hindi (Bollywood)

  • Jharkhandi (Jollywood)

  • Kashmiri

  • Kannada (Sandalwood)

  • Konkani

  • Kosli

  • Kutchi

  • Malayalam (Mollywood)

  • Marathi

  • Meitei

  • Odia

  • Punjabi

  • Rajasthani

  • Sanskrit

  • Santali

  • Tamil (Kollywood)

  • Telugu (Tollywood)

  • Tulu (Coastalwood)

Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet Tollywood, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Telugu language, based in Film Nagar, a neighborhood of Hyderabad, Telangana.[4] Since 1909, film maker Raghupathi Venkaiah was involved in producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work. In 1921, he produced the first Telugu [5] silent film, Bhishma Pratigna. He is cited as the father of Telugu cinema.[6][7][8] Tollywood is second largest Film industry in India .[9]


In 1933, East India Film Company has produced its first Indian film, Savitri in Telugu. The film was based on a popular stage play by Mylavaram Bala Bharathi Samajam, directed by father of the "Telugu theatre Movement" Chittajallu Pullaiah and cast stage actors Vemuri Gaggaiah and Dasari Ramathilakam as "Yama" and "Savithri" respectively.[10] The film was shot with a budget of estimated ₹1 million (US$14,000) in Calcutta.[11] The blockbuster film has received an honorary diploma at the 2nd Venice International Film Festival.[12]


The first film studio in South India, Durga Cinetone, was built in 1936 by Nidamarthi Surayya in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.[13] The 1951 film Patala Bhairavi was the only South Indian film screened at the first India International Film Festival,[14][15] held in Mumbai on 24 January 1952.[16][17][18]CNN-IBN listed Patala Bhairavi (1951), Malliswari (1951), Devadasu (1953), Mayabazar (1957), Nartanasala (1963), Maro Charithra (1978), Maa Bhoomi (1979), Sankarabharanam (1979), Sagara Sangamam (1983), and Siva (1989), among The 100 Greatest Indian Films of All Time.[19] In the years 2005, 2006, 2008, and 2014 the industry has produced the largest number of films in India, exceeding the number of films produced in Bollywood.[20][21]


The industry holds the Guinness World Record for the largest film production facility in the world, Ramoji Film City.[22] The Prasads IMAX located in Hyderabad is one of the largest 3D IMAX screens, and the most attended cinema screen in the world.[23][24][25] As per the CBFC report of 2014, the industry is placed first in India, in terms of films produced yearly.[26] The industry holds a memorandum of understanding with the Motion Picture Association of America to combat video piracy.[27][28][29] The Baahubali (franchise) produced by Tollywood studio Arka Media Works is the highest grossing Indian multilingual film of all time globally with a cumulative box office earnings of approximately ₹2,000 crore (US$280 million).[30][31][32][33] The second edition of the franchise, The Conclusion is the only Indian film to receive the American Saturn Award for Best International Film.[34]




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Early development


    • 1.2 Rise of the "talkie"




  • 2 Industry


  • 3 Commercial stance


  • 4 Critical reception


  • 5 Cast and crew


  • 6 Film Score


  • 7 Distribution


    • 7.1 Telugu film distribution territories




  • 8 Guinness records


  • 9 Dubbed films


  • 10 National Award for Best Feature Film


  • 11 National Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu


  • 12 Dadasaheb Phalke awardees


  • 13 State awards


  • 14 South Indian Film Awards


  • 15 Regional awards


  • 16 Film making Studios


  • 17 Visual Effects & Animation Studios


  • 18 See also


  • 19 References





History



Early development




Promotional poster of Bhakta Prahlada the first full length Telugu talkie produced and directed by H. M. Reddy to have a theatrical release.[35]


The Telugu film industry was originated with silent films in 1912, with the production and release of Anusha Adusumalli in 1921
[36] The film was directed by Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu and his son R. S. Prakash.[37] On the other hand, Yaragudipati Varada Rao and, R. S. Prakash Rao have established a long-lasting precedent of focusing exclusively on religious themes; Nandanar, Gajendra Moksham, and Matsyavatar, three of their most noted productions, centred on religious figures, parables, and morals.[38] In 1935, Andhra Cine Tone was built in Visakhapatnam by Gottumukkala Jagannadha Raju. He introduced digital theater sound with the 1935 film Jagadamba.[39]



Rise of the "talkie"


The first Telugu film with audible dialogue, Bhakta Prahlada, was produced by H.M. Reddy, who directed the first South Indian talkie Kalidas (1931). Bhakta Prahlada was completed on 15 September 1931,[40] which henceforth became known as "Telugu Film Day" to commemorate its completion.[41][42][43] Popularly known as talkies, films with sound quickly grew in number and popularity. In 1934, the industry saw its first major commercial success with Lavakusa. Directed by C. Pullaiah and starring Parupalli Subbarao and Sriranjani in lead roles, the film attracted unprecedented numbers of viewers to theatres and thrust the young industry into mainstream culture.[44] By 1936, the mass appeal of film allowed directors to move away from religious and mythological themes.[44] That year, under the direction of Krithiventi Nageswara Rao, Prema Vijayam, a film focusing on social issues, was released. Its success prompted the production of dozens of other immensely successful 'social films', notably 1939's Vandemataram, touching on societal problems like the practice of giving dowry, Telugu films increasingly focused on contemporary living: 29 of the 96 films released between 1937 and 1947 had social themes.[45]


In 1938, Gudavalli Ramabrahmam, has co-produced and directed the social problem film, Mala Pilla which dealt with the crusade against untouchability, prevailing in pre-independent India.[46][47] In 1939, He directed Raithu Bidda, starring thespian Bellary Raghava. The film was banned by the British administration in the region, for depicting the uprise of the peasantry among the Zamindar's during the British raj.[48]
1940 film, Viswa Mohini, is the first Indian film, depicting the Indian movie world. The film was directed by Y. V. Rao and scripted by Balijepalli Lakshmikanta Kavi, starring Chittor V. Nagaiah in the lead role.[49][50] 1951 film Malliswari is the first Telugu film, to be screened at International film festivals like Asia Pacific Film Festival. The film had a public release with thirteen prints along with Chinese subtitles at Beijing on 14, March 1953, and a 16 mm film print was also screened in the United States.[14][51] The film was directed by Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy, a recipient of the Dada Saheb Phalke Award, and the Doctor of Letters honour.[51]


The outbreak of World War II and the subsequent resource scarcity caused the British Raj to impose a limit on the use of filmstrip in 1943 to 11,000 feet,[52] a sharp reduction from the 20,000 feet that had been common till then.[53] As a result, the number of films produced during the war was substantially lower than in previous years. Nonetheless, before the ban, an important shift occurred in the industry: Independent studios formed, actors and actresses were signed to contracts limiting whom they could work for, and films moved from social themes to folklore legends.[54]Ghantasala Balaramayya, has directed the mythological Seetarama Jananam under his home production, Prathiba Picture, marking veteran ANR's Telugu film acting debut in 1944.[55]



Industry




















Industry Motion pictures
Founded 1921
Madras Presidency
Headquarters

Chennai (1921–1996)
Hyderabad (1996 – present)
Website
Filchamber.com
Producerscouncil.com



Thespian Akkineni Nageswara Rao founded Annapurna Studios in 1970


Moola Narayana Swamy and B. N. Reddy founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in 1948 in the city of Chennai.[58]Indian film doyen L. V. Prasad, who started his film career with Bhakta Prahlada, founded Prasad Studios in 1956 based in Chennai.[59] However, through the efforts of D. V. S. Raju, the Telugu film industry completely shifted its base from Chennai to Hyderabad in the early 1990s, during N. T. Rama Rao's political reign.[60]


Veteran actor Akkineni Nageswara Rao relocated to Hyderabad and has developed Annapurna Studios. The Telugu film industry is one of the three largest film producers in India. About 245 Telugu films were produced in 2006, the highest in India for that year. Film studios in Hyderabad, developed by D. Ramanaidu and Ramoji Rao, are involved in prolific film production and employment.[21]
There is a fair amount of dispersion among the Indian film industries. Many successful Telugu films have been largely remade by the Bengali cinema and Hindi film industries.[61]


The digital cinema network company UFO Moviez marketed by Southern Digital Screenz (SDS) has digitized several cinemas in the region.[62][63]
The Film and Television Institute of Telangana, Film and Television Institute of Andhra Pradesh, Ramanaidu Film School and Annapurna International School of Film and Media are some of the largest film schools in India.[64][65] The Telugu states consist of approximately 2800 theaters, the largest number of cinema halls of any state in India.[66]


The Nandi Awards is the most prestigious award ceremony for excellence in the production of Telugu Film, Theatre and Television. It is presented annually at Lalitha Kala Thoranam in Hyderabad,[67] by the Film, Television and Theatre Development Corporation of the Telugu state(s).[68] "Nandi" means "bull", the awards being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi — a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu culture.



Commercial stance





Hyderabad International Convention Center has been the Hyderabad home for Filmfare Awards South since 2007.[69][70]





S. S. Rajamouli


Known for being commercially consistent,[71] Telugu cinema had its influence over commercial cinema in India.[72] As one of the revenue generating film industries, Telugu film production accounts for one percent of the gross domestic product of the region.[71][73][74] The 1992 film Gharana Mogudu, directed by K. Raghavendra Rao, is the first Telugu film to gross over ₹ 10 crore at the box office.[75]


The 2006 film Bommarillu was released worldwide with 72 prints. Owing to its success, the number of reels grew to about hundred.[76] It collected a distributors share of ₹5 crore in its opening week in India.[76] Released in six major metros in the United States, the film collected $73,200 (then approximately ₹0.3 crore) within the first four days of screening.[76] A 2006 survey conducted by a popular entertainment portal in the United States revealed that the film was watched by an Indian expatriate population of 65,000, which generated a revenue of ₹3 crore at that time.[77] A cumulative gross revenue for the film was reported to be as ₹25 crore including ₹3.5 crore from overseas, the largest for any Telugu film at that time. Owing to this path breaking trade, the film was remade into Tamil, Bengali, Oriya and Urdu/Hindi.[78] 2006 action film, Pokiri has been remade in Hindi, Tamil and Kannada in the following two years owing to the film's commercial success. It was screened at the IIFA film festival held in Dubai in 2006.
[79]Walt Disney Pictures co-produced Anaganaga O Dheerudu, making it the first South Indian production by Disney.[80][81]


The fantasy film Magadheera (2009 ) was released to critical acclaim; with a worldwide share of ₹78.1 crore (US$13 million) making it one of the highest grossing Telugu films of the time. The film was dubbed into Malayalam, Tamil and was remade in Bengali as Yodha-The Warrior, and emerged as a box office hit. 2011 action comedy, Dookudu was released among seventy nine screens in the USA, the Los Angeles Times quoted it as The biggest hit you've never heard of.[82][83][84] In the rest of north, east and west India, it opened up in 21 cities.[85] The film set a box office record by collecting a gross of more than ₹1 billion at the time.[86][87]


Eega (2012) grossed ₹1.25 billion (US$17 million) including all the dubbed versions.[88][89][90][91]
In 2013, Attarintiki Daredi collected a worldwide share of ₹492 million (US$8.2 million). The film collected a worldwide share of ₹798 million (US$13 million) in three weeks, becoming the biggest Telugu film grosser of all time.[92][93]
2014 film's 1: Nenokkadine and Aagadu, became the highest opening weekend Indian film(s) in U.S. box office alongside Bollywood films like Krrish 3 and Kick.[94][95] Enhanced technology among live action animation, digital compositing, and special effects paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms. Visual effects based fantasy films like Magadheera, Arundhati, Eega and Dhamarukam emerged as blockbusters.[96]


The 2015 epic film Baahubali: The Beginning received critical acclaim for its visual effects, production design, narration and background score.[97][98][99][100] The film became the highest grossing Indian film within India,[101] the third highest grossing Indian film globally, the first and only South Indian film to gross over ₹ 650 crore (6.5 billion) worldwide, the first non-Hindi film to gross over ₹ 100 crore (1 billion) in the dubbed Hindi version, and the highest grossing Telugu film of all time.[102] The Beginning is nominated for Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film by the American Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films.[103]



Critical reception





K. Viswanath


Vasiraju Prakasam and K. N. T. Sastry are one of the noted Indian film critics from the state.[104][105] The industry is one of the largest producers of folklore, fantasy, mythological and melodrama films.[106][107][108] Film makers like Kadiri Venkata Reddy, B. Vittalacharya and Kodi Ramakrishna have pioneered this genre.[15][106][109]Mayabazar and Patala Bhairavi got critical acclaim at the inaugural International Film Festival of India in the 1950s.[16][110] 1956 film Tenali Ramakrishna has garnered the All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film. In 2013, IBN Live's Poll listed Mayabazar as the finest Indian film of all time.[111]


Nartanasala won the best art direction award at the Afro Asian film festival in Jakarta.[112]Donga Ramudu directed by K. V. Reddy was archived in the curriculum of the Film and Television Institute of India.[15]Nammina Bantu received critical reception at the San Sebastián International Film Festival.[113][114] 1967 film Ummadi Kutumbam was selected by Film Federation of India as one of its entries to the Moscow Film Festival.[115][116] The 1968 cult classic Sudigundalu was screened at the Tashkent and Moscow Film Festivals.[117]


Sankarabharanam won the Prize of the Public at the Besançon Film Festival of France in the year 1981.[118]Thilaadanam won the New Currents Award at the 7th Busan International Film Festival of South Korea.[119]B. Narsing Rao produced Maa Bhoomi which was showcased at Karlovy Vary Film Festival, Cairo and Sidney Film Festivals. He directed, Daasi and Matti Manushulu which won the Diploma of Merit award at the Moscow International Film Festival in 1989 and 1991 respectively. Maa Ooru directed by him won the Media Wave Award at the Hungary International festival of visual arts.[120] In 2003, he directed Hari Villu which was nominated in the Critics' Week section at the 56th Cannes Film Festival.[121][122][123] Cinematographer turned director, M. V. Raghu has directed the Neo-realistic film Kallu (1988), scripted by Gollapudi Maruti Rao has received thirty state awards and has garnered special mention from the CBFC Jury.[124]Chandra Siddhartha's 1995 film, Nirantharam based on 1948 Telangana Rebellion, has received special mention at Cairo and Locarno International Film Festivals.[125]


Bapu's directorial venture Sakshi was showcased at Tashkent International film festival in 1968.[126] In 1976, He directed Seeta Kalyanam got critical acclaim at the BFI London Film Festival and Chicago International Film Festival, and is part of the curriculum at British Film Institute.[127][128]Swati Mutyam (1986) is the only Telugu film to be sent by India as its official entry for the Best Foreign Language Film for the Academy Awards.[129][130]Swati Mutyam and Sagara Sangamam got critical acclaim at Asia Pacific Film Festival.[131][132]Oka Oori Katha has won special awards at Karlovy Vary International Film Festival and Carthage Film Festival.[133]Vanaja won several international awards including the first prize in the live-action feature film category at the Chicago International Children's Film Festival.[134] 2012 film Dream, has garnered the Royal Reel Award at the Canada International Film Festival.[135][136][137]


2013 Fantasy film Eega has garnered awards for the Most Original Film, Best Special Effects, Best Comedy, Best Fights, Best Film to watch with a crowd, Best Editing, Best Villain and Best Hero (Fly) in the 8th Annual Edition Toronto After Dark Film Festival.[138] 2013 Social problem film, Na Bangaaru Talli has received Best Film award at the Trinity International Film Festival in Detroit, and four Awards at the Indonesian International Film Festival.[139][140][141] 2014 film Minugurulu was selected as Best Indian Film at the 9th India International Children's Film Festival, held at Bangalore.[142] 2013 Cultural film, O Friend, This Waiting! has received special mention at the Erasing Borders Festival of Classical Dance, Indo-American Arts Council, New York, 2013.[143] 2014 film Parampara has garnered the Platinum Award for Best Feature at the International Indonesian Movie Awards.[144]



Cast and crew





N. T. Rama Rao in Missamma





Chiranjeevi




Thespian, Kota Srinivasa Rao





Ram Gopal Varma


Chittor V. Nagaiah was one of the most influential actors of South Indian cinema.[145]Vemuri Gaggaiah, Kalyanam Raghuramaiah, R. Nageswara Rao, C.S.R. Anjaneyulu, Yadavalli Suryanarayana, C. H. Narayana Rao, Mudigonda Lingamurthy etc., are some of the finest method actors during the golden era.[146]S. V. Ranga Rao, was one of the first south Indian actors to win the Best Actor Award for his portrayal of Kichaka in Nartanasala at the Indonesian Film Festival held in Jakarta.[147][148]Akkineni Nageswara Rao and N. T. Rama Rao were commercially successful Telugu actors of golden era of Telugu cinema.[149]K. N. T. Sastry and Pattabhirama Reddy have garnered international recognition for their pioneering work in Parallel Cinema.[150][151]Adurthi Subba Rao, has garnered seven National Film Awards, for his pioneering work on drama films.[152]Akkineni Kutumba Rao's Patha Nagaramlo Pasivadu received Cairo International Film Festival's, Merit Certificate for best feature.[153][154]


Dasari Narayana Rao has directed the most number of films in Telugu, he directed Meghasandesam, which got critical acclaim at Cannes and Moscow Film Festival.[155][156] Noted director B. S. Narayana was a member of the Indian delegation to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1974, and the Moscow International Film Festival in 1975.[157]V. N. Reddy, K. S. Prasad, and Jaya Krishna Gummadi one of the pioneering cinematographers in Telugu cinema, have garnered nationwide recognition for their work in cinematography in various Indian languages.[158][159][160] His film Tandra Paparayudu (1986) starring Krishnam Raju was premiered at the 11th International Film Festival of India.[161][162][163]
Actor and producer, Krishna Ghattamaneni is credited with producing many technological firsts in Telugu film industry like the first Cinemascope film Alluri Seetharama Raju, first 70mm film Simhasanam, first DTS film Telugu Veera Levara (1988) and introducing cowboy and James Bond styles to the Telugu screen.[164]


Relangi Venkata Ramaiah, and Ramana Reddy were a comedy double act during golden era.[165] Emergence of director Jandhyala in the 1980s saw the growth of comedy film genre in Telugu cinema.[166]Singeetam Srinivasa Rao and Ram Gopal Varma have received international recognition for bringing out new genres.[167][168] Contemporary film maker's like Sekhar Kammula, Chandra Sekhar Yeleti, Mohan Krishna Indraganti, Deva Katta, G. Neelakanta Reddy and Narasimha Nandi have made their mark among the Indian panorama sections of the International Film Festival of India in the last decade.[169][170][171][172][173] Noted film editor from the state, A. Sreekar Prasad, known for his initial works in Telugu films of the 1980s, has garnered national recognition for film editing across multiple languages of Indian cinema.[174]


S. V. Ranga Rao, N. T. Rama Rao, Jaggayya, Kanta Rao, Bhanumathi Ramakrishna, Suryakantam, Gummadi, Savitri , Krishnam Raju and Sobhan Babu are the actors who received the erstwhile Rashtrapati Award for best performance in a leading role.[175][176] Gummadi was an official member of the Indian delegation from South India to the Tashkent Film Festival in 1978 and 1982.[177] He served as the Jury Member thrice for the 28th, 33rd, and 39th National Film Awards.[178][179][180]Sri Sri was one of the influential film lyricists of his time, who garnered national honours like Sahitya Akademi Award, Best Lyricist and Soviet Land Nehru Award for his pioneering work.[181]


Sharada, Archana, Vijayashanti, Rohini, Nagarjuna Akkineni, and P. L. Narayana are the actors to receive the National Film Award for best performance in acting. Chiranjeevi, widely known as Megastar, was listed among "The men who changed the face of the Indian Cinema" by IBN-live India.[182][183]Brahmanandam, a Telugu actor, holds a Guinness World Record for acting in the most films in the same language.[184][185] Pete Draper, P. C. Sanath, Chakri Toleti and V. Srinivas Mohan are some of the visual effects professional's from the state known for their works in Telugu films.[96][186]



Film Score





S. P. Balasubrahmanyam in 1985


Susarla Dakshinamurthi, Parupalli Ramakrishnaiah Pantulu, Ogirala Ramachandra Rao,
Pithapuram Nageswara Rao, Tanguturi Suryakumari, and Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna are some of the influential music composers of Southern Indian cinema.[187][188][189] Music composers such as Pendyala Nageswara Rao, R. Sudarshanam and R. Goverdhanam made contributions to folklore and mythological films.[190][191]





S. Janaki in 2007


Madhavapeddi Satyam, P. Adinarayana Rao, Gali Penchala Narasimha Rao, Chellapilla Satyam, P. B. Sreenivas, S. P. Kodandapani, G. K. Venkatesh, S. Hanumantha Rao, have contributed their work extensively for films containing themes of social relevance.[192]S.P. Balasubrahmanyam is a multilingual playback singer from Telugu cinema to win National Film Awards across four languages. He holds the record of having recorded more songs than any other male playback singer and has received 25 state Nandi Awards.[193]


S. Rajeswara Rao pioneered the use of light music in Telugu cinema; Rao's most rewarding assignments came from Gemini Studios, which he joined in 1940 and with which he remained for a decade.[194]Ghantasala, performed in the United States, England, and Germany. According to The Hindu, and The Indian Express he was "Such a divine talent and with his songs he could move the hearts of the people. Ghantasala's blending of classical improvisations to the art of light music combined with his virtuosity and sensitivity puts him a class apart, above all others in the field of playback singing".[195][196]P. Susheela, has been recognized by both the Guinness Book of World Records and the Asia Book of Records for singing most number of songs in Indian languages.[197] She is also the recipient of five National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer and numerous state awards.[198]


Works by S. Janaki, M. M. Keeravani, and Ramesh Naidu have received National recognition. Multi-instrumentalists duo Raj-Koti holds a notable career spanning a decade, the duo has garnered particular acclaim for redefining contemporary music.[199][200]R. P. Patnaik is the current president of the Telugu Cine Music Association.[201]



Distribution


As of 2012, Dookudu had one of the largest worldwide openings for a Telugu film, having been released globally onto 1,600 screens,[202] including 71 in Hyderabad.[203] The film became the first Telugu project to release in Botswana and was opened in a single screen with one show by the Telugu Association of Botswana. Dookudu was released over 79 theatres in the United States; the Los Angeles Times quoted Dookudu as "the biggest hit you've never heard of."[204]


Further, it was released in Netherlands, Germany, South Africa, Dubai and Finland, the first for a Telugu film in addition to regular overseas markets such as Singapore, Malaysia and the UK.[205] The producers approached the high court of India for a John Doe Order to prevent piracy of the film.[206] It set a box office record for the Telugu film industry by collecting a gross of more than ₹1 billion (approximately 15.7 million US Dollars).[207][208][209] The international version of Baahubali: The Beginning was released in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, Timor-Leste along with some European and Latin American countries.[210]



Telugu film distribution territories



Amongst the above territories Nizam is considered by the distributors as having potential for maximum earnings with more than 50% of Tollywood revenue is generated only from the Nizam area.[212] An additional territory known as overseas territory also exists where the maximum collection is from United States.[213]


Guinness records



  • Guinness Record had been awarded to Ramoji Film City, Hyderabad as the largest film studio complex in the world, it opened in 1996 and measures 674 hectares (1,666 acres). With 47 sound stages, it has permanent sets ranging from railway stations to temples.[22][214]


  • D.Rama Naidu holds the Guinness World Record as the most prolific producer with 130 films.[215]


  • Dasari Narayana Rao holds the Guinness World Record as the most number of films directed with 151 films.[citation needed]


  • Brahmanandam holds the Guinness World Record for acting in the most number of films in a single language, 1000+ films.[184][185][216]


  • S. P. Balasubramanyam holds the Guinness World Record for having sung the most number of songs for any male playback singer in the world,[217][218][219] with the majority of his songs sung in Telugu.

  • In 2002, the Guinness Book of Records named Vijaya Nirmala as the female director with the most number of films, having made 47 films. In a career spanning approximately two decades, she has acted in over 200 films with 25 each in Malayalam and Tamil and produced 15 films.[220]

  • In 2016, P.Susheela won guinness book of world record for singing highest number of songs for any female singer.[221]



Dubbed films


The 1949 film Keelu Gurram was the first Telugu film to be dubbed into the Tamil language, being subsequently released under the name Maya Kudhirai.[14] According to the Andhra Pradesh Film Chamber of Commerce, "as per the Judgement of Supreme Court in Ashirwad Films in W.P.(Civil) No.709 there will be no difference in taxation of films between the dubbed films coming in from other states and the films produced in the Telugu States".[222]



National Award for Best Feature Film



































































Territory name[211]
 Comprising areas
Nizam
Telangana State, Raichur and Koppal districts of Karnataka.
Ceeded
Rayalaseema districts, Markapuram divison of Prakasam district and Bellary district of Karnataka.
Vizag
Visakhapatnam, Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts
East
East Godavari district.
West
West Godavari district.
Krishna
Krishna district.
Guntur
Guntur district and Ongole division of Prakasam district.
Nellore
Nellore district and Kandukur divison of Prakasam district
Karnataka
Karnataka (except Raichur, Koppal and Bellary districts), Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (except Krishnagiri district).
Odisha
Odisha
Mumbai
Maharashtra, Gujarat and Goa.
Rest of India other states of India
Oversea's
United States,UK,South Africa,Dubai,Netherlands,Germany,Finland,Malasiya and Singapore
Rest of the world Other parts of the world
































Year
 Film
 Producer
 Note(s)
2015
Baahubali: The Beginning

Shobu Yarlagadda
Arka Media Works
National Film Award for Best Feature Film[223]
1992
Bhagavad Gita
T. Subbarami Reddy
National Film Award for Best Feature Film[224]
1963
Nartanasala

Lakshmi Rajyam
National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film[225]
1956
Tenali Ramakrishna

B. S. Ranga
All India Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film[18]


National Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu


Award includes 'Rajat Kamal' (Silver Lotus Award) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:




















Awards legends

*
President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film

*
Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film

*
Certificate of Merit for the Third Best Feature Film

*
Certificate of Merit for the Best Feature Film



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































List of award films, showing the year (award ceremony), producer(s), director(s) and citation
Year
 Film(s)
 Producer(s)
 Director(s)
 Citation
Refs.

1954
(2nd)
Peddamanushulu
Vauhini Productions
Kadri Venkata Reddy
  –
[226]

1954
(2nd)
Thodu Dongalu
National Art Theater, Madras
Dasari Yoganand
  –

1954
(2nd)
Vipra Narayana
Bharani Pictures
P. S. Ramakrishna Rao
  –

1955
(3rd)
Bangaru Papa
 Vauhini Productions
B. N. Reddy
  –
[227]

1955
(3rd)
Ardhangi
 Ragini Films
P. Pullaiah
  –

1956
(4th)
Tenali Ramakrishna
 Vikram Productions
B. S. Ranga
  –
[18]

1956
(4th)
Edi Nijam
 Pratibha Productions
Sundaram Balachander
  –

1957
(5th)
Bhagya Rekha
 Ponnaluri Brothers
B. N. Reddy
  –
[228]

1957
(5th)
Thodi Kodallu
Annapurna Pictures
Adurthi Subba Rao
  –

1958
(6th)
Pelli Naati Pramanalu
 Jayanthi Pictures
 Kadri Venkata Reddy
  –
[229]

1958
(6th)
Mangalya Balam
Annapurna Pictures
 Adurthi Subba Rao
  –

1959
(7th)
Nammina Bantu
 Sambhu Films
 Adurthi Subba Rao
  –
[230]

1959
(7th)
Maa Inti Mahalakshmi
 Navashakthi Films
Gutha Ramineedu
  –

1959
(7th)
Jayabheri
 Vasireddy Narayana Rao
 P. Pullaiah
  –

1960
(8th)
Mahakavi Kalidasu
 Sarani Productions
K. Kameswara Rao
  –
[231]

1960
(8th)
Seetharama Kalyanam
National Art Theater, Madras
N. Trivikrama Rao
  –

1961
(9th)
Bharya Bharthalu
Prasad Art Pictures
K. Pratyagatma
  –
[232]

1962
(10th)
Mahamantri Timmarusu
 Gowthami Productions
 K. Kameswara Rao
  –
[233]

1962
(10th)
Kula Gothralu
 A. Subba Rao
 Kotayya Pratyagatma
  –

1962
(10th)
Siri Sampadalu
 V. Venkateswarlu
 P. Pullaiah
  –

1963
(11th)
Lava Kusa
 Lalita Sivajyoti Films
  • C. Pullaiah
 • C. S. Rao
  –
[225]

1963
(11th)
Amar Silpi Jakkanna
B. S. Ranga
 B. S. Ranga
  –

1963
(11th)
Mooga Manasulu
 C. Sundaram
 Adurthi Subba Rao
  –

1964
(12th)
Doctor Chakravarthy
D. Madhusudhana Rao
 Adurthi Subba Rao
  –
[234]

1964
(12th)
Ramadasu
Chittor V. Nagaiah
 Chittor V. Nagaiah
  –

1965
(13th)
Antastulu
V. B. Rajendra Prasad
V. Madhusudhan Rao
  –
[235]

1965
(13th)
Palnati Yudham
 Y. Lakshmaya Choudaray
 Gutha Ramineedu
  –

1965
(13th)
Manushulu Mamathalu
 A. Subba Rao
K. Atma
  –

1966
(14th)
Rangula Ratnam
B. N. Reddy
B. N. Reddy
  –
[236]

1967
(15th)
Sudigundalu
 Chakravarthi Chitra
 Adurthi Subba Rao
  –
[237]

1968
(16th)
Varakatnam
N. Trivikrama Rao
N. T. Rama Rao
  –
[160]

1969
(17th)
Aadarsa Kutumbam
N. Trivikrama Rao
 Adurthi Subba Rao
  –
[238]

1970
(18th)
Desamante Manushuloyi
  • K. M. K. Naidu
 • G. K. Naidu
 C. S. Rao
  –
[239]

1971
(19th)
Mattilo Manikyam
Chalam
B. V. Prasad
  –
[240]

1972
(20th)
Pandanti Kapuram
 G. Hanumantha Rao
Lakshmi Deepak
  –
[241]

1975
(23rd)
Mutyala Muggu
 M. V. L. Narasimha Rao
Bapu
  –
[242]

1976
(24th)
Oorummadi Brathukulu
B. S. Narayana
B. S. Narayana
  –
[243]

1977
(25th)
Oka Oori Katha
 A. Parandhama Reddy
Mrinal Sen



For successfully transforming Premchand's story "Kafan" into a scathing commentary on rural destitution and social injustice; for projecting through powerful performances of its leading characters, the degradation and brutalisation of human beings, for its sincere commitment to the cause of the downtrodden; for its fervent impassioned appeal to the conscience of humanity.


 [244]

1978
(26th)
Nimajjanam
 Red Rose Art Films
B. S. Narayana



For a simple and restrained depiction of a dramatic theme, involving a woman's violation resulting in suicide.


 [245]

1979
(27th)
Nagna Sathyam
U. Visweswar Rao
U. Visweswar Rao
  –
[246]

1980
(28th)
Harischandrudu
 U. D. Murali Krishna
U. Visweswar Rao



For an exposure of the manoeuvrings and misdeeds of politicians and for contributing significantly to the development of political cinema in India.


 [247]

1981
(29th)
Seethakoka Chiluka
Edida Nageshwara Rao
P. Bharathiraja



For skilfully handling the theme of inter-communal marriage and making an impassioned stand against bigotry.


 [248]

1982
(30th)
Meghasandesam
Dasari Narayana Rao
 Dasari Narayana Rao



For its lyrical and aesthetic qualities.


 [249]

1983
(31st)
Rangula Kala
 K. Venkateswara Rao
B. Narsing Rao



For a vivid portrayal of urban life as seen by a sensitive painter in search of his identification with the masses.


 [250]

1984
(32nd)
Sitaara
 Edida Nageswara Rao
Vamsy
  –
[251]

1985
(33rd)
Sravanthi
 Jayakrishna
Kranthi Kumar



For a moving film, which depicts the plight of the quitessential Indian woman who goes through life discharging obligations as daughter, wife and mother.


 [252]

1986
(34th)
Swathi Muthyam
 Edida Nageswara Rao
K. Viswanath



For an effective rendering of a dramatic story about a man too innocent and child-like to fit into the scheme of the hard, calculating world.


 [253]

1988
(36th)
Daasi
 B. Ramachandra Rao
 B. Narsing Rao



For portraying the grim reality of a feaudal milieu through original and rare use of film language.


 [254]

1989
(37th)
Suthradharulu
  • Sudhakar Reddy
 • C. Karunakar Rao
 K. Viswanath



For the way it charts the conquest of social oppression by spiritual understanding and peace.


 [255]

1990
(38th)
Matti Manushulu
 K. Mukherjee and Veda Kumar
 B. Narsing Rao



For portraying the stark reality of pain which has been underlined with the warm hues of life.


 [256]

1991
(39th)
Bhadram Koduko
 V. Ramachandra Rao
Akkineni Kutumba Rao



For effectively focussing attention on the need for providing protection to homeless children.


 [257]

1992
(40th)
Ankuram
 K. V. Suresh Kumar
C. Umamaheswara Rao



For the struggle of a simple housewife who fights an oppressive system single-handed and succeeds in making a dent.


 [258]

1993
(41st)
Mister Pellam
 Gavara Partha Sarathi
 Bapu



For its satirical exploration of the myth of the male ego, being superior to that of female.


 [259]

1995
(43rd)
Stri
  • NFDC
 • Doordarshan
K. S. Sethumadhavan



The film is a startling revelation of the mind of a simple village woman, who asserts her right over her man and stands by him under all circumstances.


 [260]

1996
(44th)
Ninne Pelladata
Akkineni Nagarjuna
Krishna Vamsi



For the innovative way in which a family drama with the contemporary theme is handled.


 [261]

1997
(45th)
Sindhooram
 Krishna Vamsi
 Krishna Vamsi



For the film's sincere effort at analysing, the problem of corruption which leads to disillusionment among the young and perpetuates violence within a society.


 [262]

1998
(46th)
Tholi Prema
 G. V. G. Raju
A. Karunakaran



For an unusual love story about two friends who confess their feelings for each other at the end of the film, which is a break from the run-of-the-mill film.


 [263]

1999
(47th)
Kalisundam Raa
Daggubati Suresh Babu
Udayasankar



For a conventionally structured film in the genre of mainstream cinema which conveys in an entertaining and wholesome manner a social message of togetherness and the need for preserving the unit of the joint family.


 [264]

2000
(48th)
Nuvve Kavali
Ramoji Rao
K. Vijaya Bhaskar



For a refreshing film about a teenage friendship that blossoms into romance. The film stands out for its youthful treatment thus bringing out the exuberance of this film.


 [104]

2001
(49th)
Show
Manjula Ghattamaneni
G. Neelakanta Reddy



For depicting the development of human relations between two strangers with spontaneous humour and rare insight into life.


 [265]

2003
(51st)
Aithe
Gangaraju Gunnam
Chandra Sekhar Yeleti



For its portrayal of frustration in the youth, successfully solving it through a positive approach almost making the characters role models.


 [266]

2004
(52nd)
Swarabhishekam
 H. Gopalakrishna Murthy
 K. Viswanath



For its excellent musical structure clubbed with great classical musical performance.


 [267]

2005
(53rd)
Bommalata
  • R. K. Film Associates
 • Spirit Media (P) Ltd.
 • Gangaraju Gunnam
Prakash Kovelamudi



For cinematically vibrant rendition of the story of an underprivileged through the medium of puppetry and magic.


 [268]

2006
(54th)
Kamli
  • B. C. Hari Charana Prasad
 • P. V. Sukanya
K. N. T. Sastry



For a convincing portrayal of the courage of a disadvantaged woman in her fight against female foeticide and child swapping.


 [269]

2008
(56th)
1940 Lo Oka Gramam
 N. C. Narasimham
Narasimha Nandi



For its courageous handling of caste-based prejudices.


 [270]

2012
(60th)
Eega
Sai Korrapati
S. S. Rajamouli



In this one-of-its-kind and extraordinary fusion of technology and cinematic narrative the filmmaker has broken new grounds in concept and execution.


 [271]

2013
(61st)
Naa Bangaaru Talli
 Sun Touch Productions
Rajesh Touchriver



The film is a searing indictment of the pervasive and ruthless world of the sex trade.


 [272]

2014
(62nd)
Chandamama Kathalu
 Working Dream Production
Praveen Sattaru



For its skilful interweaving of stories featuring a variety of characters bound together by a common anxiety about securing their future.


 [273]

2015
(63rd)
Kanche
 Y. Rajeev Reddy
Krish



Barriers of caste and conventions breaks down as this romantic period drama unveils its magic.


 [274]

2016
(64th)
Pelli Choopulu
 Dharamapatha Creations
Tharun Bhascker



Desires and aspirations of the younger generation on a lighter note.


 [275]

2017
(65th)
The Ghazi Attack
Prasad V. Potluri
Sankalp Reddy
  –
[276]


Dadasaheb Phalke awardees











































Year
 Recipient
 Note(s)

1974
Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy[277]
 Director and producer

1980
Paidi Jairaj[277]
 Actor and thespian

1982
L. V. Prasad[277]
 Director and producer

1986
B. Nagi Reddy[277]
 Director and producer

1990
Akkineni Nageswara Rao[277]
 Actor

2009
D. Ramanaidu[277]
 Producer

2016
Kasinathuni Viswanath[278]
 Director and actor


State awards




  • Nandi Awards

  • Raghupathi Venkaiah Award

  • NTR National Award

  • B. N. Reddy National Award

  • S. V. Ranga Rao Award for Best Character Actor

  • Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film

  • Nagi Reddy Chakrapani National Award




South Indian Film Awards



  • Filmfare Awards South

  • IIFA Utsavam

  • South Indian International Movie Awards



Regional awards




  • Sangam Academy Award

  • Chittoru Nagaiah Puraskaram

  • CineMAA Awards


  • Allu Rama Lingaiah Award

  • Gollapudi Srinivas Award


  • B. Nagi Reddy Wholesome Entertainment Film[279]

  • Tollywood GAAMA Awards

  • Gemini Ugadi Puraskaralu

  • Hyderabad Times Film Awards

  • Vamsee Berkely Awards

  • Akruti Film Awards

  • FNCC Awards

  • Andhra Pradesh Film Journalist's Association Awards

  • Santosham Film Awards


  • T. Subbarami Reddy Award[280]

  • ANR National Award

  • Saakshi Excellence Awards




Film making Studios




  • Ramanaidu Studios

  • Saradhi Studios

  • Ramakrishna Studios

  • Padmalaya Studios

  • Annapurna Studios

  • Ramoji Film City




Visual Effects & Animation Studios



  • Prasad EFX – Magic in motion

  • Pixelloid Studios

  • Fire Fly Creative Studios[281][282]

  • Makuta VFX[283]



See also




  • List of highest-grossing Indian films

  • List of highest-grossing Telugu films

  • Indian cinema

  • Cinema of the world

  • List of South Indian film families

  • Tollywood Kolkata




References





  1. ^ "Statewise Number of Single Screens". Film Federation of India. Retrieved 21 April 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "The Digital March Media & Entertainment in South India" (PDF). Deloitte. Retrieved 21 April 2014.


  3. ^ "The Digital March Media & Entertainment in South India" (PDF). Deloitte. Retrieved 21 April 2014.


  4. ^ "Telugu Movies in Theatres". BookMyShow.


  5. ^ "Telugu News – Sakshi". Retrieved 18 March 2018.


  6. ^ "Telugu Cinema Celebrity – Raghupati Venkaiah Naidu". idlebrain.com.


  7. ^ "The Hindu : Friday Review Hyderabad : `Nijam cheppamantara, abaddham cheppamantara... ' ". hindu.com.


  8. ^ web|url=http://bharatjanani.com/paul-muni-of-india-chittoor-v-nagayya/ |title=Paul Muni of India – Chittoor V.Nagayya |publisher=Bharatjanani.com |date=6 May 2011 |accessdate=2011-09-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326135647/http://bharatjanani.com/paul-muni-of-india-chittoor-v-nagayya/ |archivedate=26 March 2012 |df=dmy }}


  9. ^ http://www.sify.com/movies/mishti-happy-to-be-part-of-india-s-second-largest-film-industry-imagegallery-tollywood-pbhm91ijaaihh.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)


  10. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (7 November 2010). "SATI SAVITHRI (1933)". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 8 July 2011.


  11. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (7 November 2010). "SATI SAVITHRI (1933)". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 July 2011.


  12. ^ Bhagwan Das Garg (1996). So many cinemas: the motion picture in India. Eminence Designs. p. 86. ISBN 81-900602-1-X.


  13. ^ "The Hindu News". Chennai, India. 6 May 2005.


  14. ^ abc Eenadu Daily, Eenadu Sunday – 28 April 2013, 100 years of Indian Cinema, Early Tollywood, Page 9


  15. ^ abc Sashidhar AS (13 August 2012). "Donga Ramudu was included in FTII". The Times of India (Press release). Retrieved 2012-08-27.


  16. ^ ab "Nostalgia – Pathala Bhairavi". CineGoer.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012.


  17. ^ "::Directorate Of Film Festivals::". dff.nic.in.


  18. ^ abc "4th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 2 September 2011.


  19. ^ "100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time". ibnlive.in.com. IBNLive.


  20. ^ "Tollywood loses to Bollywood on numbers". The Times of India. 2 October 2010.


  21. ^ ab "Telugu film industry enters new era". Blonnet.com. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-08-11. Retrieved 12 November 2010.


  22. ^ ab "Official Site of Guinnessworldrecords.com Largest Film studio in the world". Archived from the original on 19 January 2014.


  23. ^ "CNN Travel". CNN.


  24. ^ "Thehindu.com King of Good times Prasad's Imax". Chennai, India: The Hindu Newspaper. 7 August 2011.


  25. ^ Dan Nosowitz (30 May 2009). "The Seven IMAX Wonders of the World". Gizmodo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10.


  26. ^ "Annual report 2011" (PDF). Central Board of Film Certification, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013.


  27. ^ "Reliance Media works digital postproduction facility, Hyderabad". Reliance Media. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.


  28. ^ "UTV distribution market". India Glitz. Retrieved March 1, 2012.


  29. ^ "Mou with MPAA". The Hindu Cinema. Retrieved March 1, 2012.


  30. ^ "Bahubali 2 Becomes Highest Grosser Of All Time In Five Days – Box Office India". www.boxofficeindia.com.


  31. ^ "Why Business Of Dubbed Tamil Telugu Not Included – Box Office India". www.boxofficeindia.com.


  32. ^ "Top GROSS Numbers – Hindi And All Languages – Box Office India". www.boxofficeindia.com.


  33. ^ "Is Baahubali 2 a Hindu film? Dissecting religion, folklore, mythology in Rajamouli's epic saga".


  34. ^ Dave McNary (2018-06-27). "'Black Panther' Leads Saturn Awards; 'Better Call Saul,' 'Twin Peaks' Top TV Trophies – Variety". Variety.com. Retrieved 2019-01-09.


  35. ^ Narasimham, M. L. (10 September 2011). "Eighty glorious years of Telugu talkie". The Hindu. Chennai, India.


  36. ^ Encyclopaedia of early cinema, by Richard Abel, pp. 677, Bhishma Pratigya, 1921 film


  37. ^ "Telugu Cinema Biography". kiwibox.com. 3 May 1913. Retrieved 2014-11-28.


  38. ^ "CineGoer.com – Articles – History Of Birth And Growth Of Telugu Cinema". cinegoer.com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2007.


  39. ^ "Picture perfect!". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 22 July 2012.


  40. ^ "'Bhaktha Prahladha': First Telugu talkie completes 81 years". CNN-IBN. 7 February 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2014.


  41. ^ Special Correspondent (11 September 2011). "Today's Paper / NATIONAL : Telugu Cinema Day on September 15". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  42. ^ Narasimham, M.L. (9 September 2012). "Wake up, industry". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 26 March 2014.


  43. ^ "Telugu Cinema turns a grand 82!". The Hans India. 7 February 2013. p. 10. Retrieved 26 March 2014.


  44. ^ ab "Reliving the reel and the real". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 January 2007.


  45. ^ "Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.


  46. ^ Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006, pp.14.


  47. ^ "Nostalgia Mala Pilla (1938) at Cinegoer.com". cinegoer.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2012.


  48. ^ "Celebrating 100 Years of Indian Cinema: www.indiancinema100.in". indiancinema100.in. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013.


  49. ^ http://entertaianment.oneindia.in/celebs/lakshmi/biography.html[permanent dead link]


  50. ^ "A revolutionary filmmaker". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 22 August 2003.


  51. ^ ab "Directorate of Film Festival" (PDF). iffi.nic.in.


  52. ^ "Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. 17 July 1943. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.


  53. ^ "Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.


  54. ^ "Articles – History of Birth And Growth of Telugu Cinema". CineGoer.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 February 2012.


  55. ^ "Ghantasala Balaramaiah: The Legend who created Legends". 26lettersto24frames.wordpress.com. 26lettersto24frames.


  56. ^ Ramoji Film City on BBC. 9 May 2013 – via YouTube.


  57. ^ Ramoji Film City on Discovery Travel & Living. 9 May 2013 – via YouTube.


  58. ^ S. Muthiah (6 December 2009). "Arts / History & Culture : Madras Miscellany – `The First Family' gets together". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2012-02-19.


  59. ^ "Stage set for technical excellence". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 April 2003. Retrieved 2012-02-19.


  60. ^ "Film producer D.V.S. Raju passes away". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 14 November 2010.


  61. ^ "Role reversal of Bengali cinema". New Indian express. July 2014.


  62. ^ "UFO Moviez to digitize 1000 theatres in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh". businessofcinema.com. Retrieved 2012-08-28.


  63. ^ "100 New IMAX Screens | Film". Slashfilm.com. 6 December 2007. Retrieved 2011-09-21.


  64. ^ "Annapurna Studios' film, media school to offer course on iPhone, iPad apps". The Hindu. Hyderabad, India. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 2 March 2013.


  65. ^ "FTIA". The Hindu. Hyderabad, India. 6 April 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2012.


  66. ^ "Economic times indiatimes.com". The Times Of India. 9 August 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2014.


  67. ^ TNN 24 Mar 2012, 12.26AM IST (2012-03-24). "Clean films necessary to promote family values: CM". The Times of India. Retrieved 2012-10-14.


  68. ^ "Government announces Nandi Awards committee members". Ragalahari.com. 2007-12-23. Retrieved 2012-10-13.


  69. ^ "56th Filmfare Awards South". The Times of India. 8 December 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-22.


  70. ^ "Idea Filmfare awards ceremony on July 2". The Times of India. 11 June 2011.


  71. ^ ab "B-town grabs Dookudu – The Times of India". The Times of India.


  72. ^ "Tamil, Telugu film industries outshine Bollywood". Business Standard. 25 January 2006. Retrieved 2012-02-19.


  73. ^ "Telugu film industry turns 81". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 16 September 2011.


  74. ^ "Telugu film industry, Ind: msg#00117". Osdir.com. 31 January 2007. Retrieved 2012-02-19.


  75. ^ "First Telugu film to gross 100 million – Times Of India". articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2012-08-17.


  76. ^ abc "Trade Story: Bommarillu rocks". Idlebrain.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007.


  77. ^ "Trade Story: Bommarillu rocks". Idlebrain.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007.


  78. ^ Narasimhan, M. L. (29 December 2006). "A few hits and many flops". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2007-10-17.


  79. ^ "Showcase: IIFA 2006 – Dubai | Film Festival". IIFA. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-19.


  80. ^ "Disney fantasy film in Telugu, Tamil". The Hindu. 2010. Archived from the original on 28 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-21.


  81. ^ "Walt Disney picks Shruti, Siddharth!". The Times of India. 17 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-17.


  82. ^ "'Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of". latimes. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.


  83. ^ "Winning combo". Times of India. Retrieved 13 October 2011.


  84. ^ "'Oosaravelli' takes competition to the US". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December 2011.


  85. ^ "Dookudu touches the one billion mark". Times of India. 20 November 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2011.


  86. ^ Karthik Paspulatte, TNN (20 November 2011). "Dookudu touches the one billion mark". The Times Of India. Retrieved 21 November 2011.


  87. ^ "DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan Chargers". The Economic Times. 13 September 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2012.


  88. ^ "DCHL bankruptcy threat: PVP Ventures in fray to buy IPL team Deccan Chargers". The Economic Times. Retrieved 13 September 2012.


  89. ^ "SS Rajamouli's Eega to be screened at Cannes, Shanghai film festivals – Bollywood News & Gossip, Movie Reviews, Trailers & Videos at Bollywoodlife.com". bollywoodlife.com.


  90. ^ "'Makkhi' Review: Revenge comes in all sizes!". Zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 13 October 2012.


  91. ^ "Eega to be screened at Cannes!". 123telugu.com. Retrieved 14 May 2013.


  92. ^ "Attarintiki Daredi records superb TRP's". The Times of India. Retrieved 6 May 2014.


  93. ^ "Vikramasimha Set To Break Pawan Kalyan's Attarintiki Daredi Record". One India. Retrieved 6 May 2014.


  94. ^ "Mahesh Babu's Aagadu beats Salman Khan's Kick! – Bollywood News & Gossip, Movie Reviews, Trailers & Videos at Bollywoodlife.com".


  95. ^ "Box Office Collection: Mahesh's 'Aagadu' Beats Salman's 'Kick' Opening Weekend Figures in US". International Business Times. 22 September 2014.


  96. ^ ab "The animated lot". thehindu.com. The Hindu.


  97. ^ "'Baahubali' creates history, rakes in Rs 50 crore on its opening day". DNA India.


  98. ^ "Baahubali creates history with opening day collections". India Today. 11 July 2015.


  99. ^ Mike McCahill. "Baahubali: The Beginning review – fantastic bang for your buck in most expensive Indian movie ever made". the Guardian.


  100. ^ "Bahubali First Day Box Office".


  101. ^ Oops... 'PK' Is Not Actually India's Top-Grossing Movie Ever. Forbes.com. Retrieved on 28 October 2015.


  102. ^ 'Baahubali' (Bahubali) box office records: Will Vijay's 'Puli' break 15 milestones set by Rajamouli's film?. Ibtimes.co.in (30 September 2015). Retrieved on 2015-10-28.


  103. ^ "'Baahubali' nominated for Saturn Awards in five categories". 27 February 2016.


  104. ^ ab "48th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 13 March 2012.


  105. ^ "54TH NATIONAL FILM AWARDS" (PDF). dff.nic.in.


  106. ^ ab "'Maya Bazaar' forever!". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 21 April 2006.


  107. ^ "Mythological characters, a hit in T-town". The Times of India. 10 May 2011.


  108. ^ "I feel blessed to play Sita: Nayanthara". The Times of India on Mobile. 20 December 2010. Retrieved 2012-02-19.


  109. ^ "A new Jaganmohini". The Times of India. 22 June 2008.


  110. ^ "Ace lensman recalls magic moments". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 14 April 2006.


  111. ^ "'Mayabazar' is India's greatest film ever: IBNLive poll". ibnlive.in.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015.


  112. ^ "Directorate of Film Festival" (PDF). Iffi.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  113. ^ Guy, Randor. "Master movie maker".


  114. ^ "Profile of Gummadi — Telugu film actor".


  115. ^ Eenadu Daily, Eenadu cinema – 17 July 2013, National art theater, Page 10


  116. ^ "Director Yoganand is no more – Telugu Movie News". indiaglitz.com.


  117. ^ Collections. Update Video Publication. 1991. p. 387.


  118. ^ "Directorate of Film Festival" (PDF). Iffi.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  119. ^ "How Kamli came alive onscreen" (Press release). Rediff.com. 31 December 2004. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  120. ^ "Telugu creative genius Narsingh Rao's films regale Delhi". webindia123.com.


  121. ^ http://rrtd.nic.in/Film%20Bulletin-Apl03.htm


  122. ^ "Telugu Cinema – Review – Harivillu – Subhakar, Nitya – B Narsing Rao – D Rama Naidu – AK Bir".


  123. ^ "The Hindu : Touching tale". hindu.com.


  124. ^ "The saga of a lensman". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 9 June 2003.


  125. ^ [1][dead link]


  126. ^ Metro Plus Visakhapatnam / Cinema : Mullapudi leaves behind enduring legacy. The Hindu (5 March 2011). Retrieved on 25 January 2013.


  127. ^ "The Hindu article on Bapu". thehindu.com.


  128. ^ m.l. narasimham (12 November 2011). "Arts / Cinema : Preview: Epic comes full circle". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2012-08-24.


  129. ^ "City to host selection of India's entry for Oscars". The Times of India. 14 September 2012.


  130. ^ "Ibn Live". Archived from the original on 26 May 2013.


  131. ^ "Kamal Haasan". Bharatwaves.com. Retrieved 2012-09-05.


  132. ^ Prakash KL. "Sagara Sangamam to be screened at Kamal's films fest | – Oneindia Entertainment". Entertainment.oneindia.in. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2012.


  133. ^ Oka Oori Katha (The Outsiders). Mrinal Sen. Retrieved 2011-09-17.


  134. ^ "2007's MediaBridge Award Winners". Chicago International Children's Film Festival. Archived from the original on 22 December 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-17.


  135. ^ "2013 Official Selections". canadafilmfestival.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2013.


  136. ^ "'Dream' hops to Canada in flying colours". thehindu.com. The Hindu.


  137. ^ Eenadu daily, Eenadu Cinema, page 16, 11 April 2013


  138. ^ "Rajamouli's Eega continues to win awards". The Times of India. 3 November 2013. Retrieved 4 November 2013.


  139. ^ "Naa Bangaru Talli as Best film at Trinity International Film Festival". gulte.com.


  140. ^ "'The story of Naa Bangaru Talli is quite shocking' – Rediff.com Movies". rediff.com.


  141. ^ "'Naa Bangaru Talli' made it big in the TIFF 2013". alllightsfilmmagazine.com. July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 March 2014.


  142. ^ "'Minugurulu' Grabs Best Indian Film CIICFF – Telugu Movie News". indiaglitz.com.


  143. ^ "O Friend, This Waiting!". magiclanternmovies.in. Magic Lantern Movies LLP.


  144. ^ "International recognition for 'Parampara'".


  145. ^ "Nagaiah – noble, humble and kind-hearted". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 8 April 2005.


  146. ^ Early tollywood, Telugu Cinema Vythalikulu, (2002) by B. Venkateshwarlu


  147. ^ "Directorate of Film Festival" (PDF). iffi.nic.in.


  148. ^ Mahabhinishkramana, Viswa Nata Chakravarti, M. Sanjay Kishore, Sangam Akademy, Hyderabad, 2005, pp: 69–70.


  149. ^ "NTR, Sridevi greatest actor of all times in India: survey – Hindustan Times". hindustantimes.com. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014.


  150. ^ "Arts / Cinema : Conscientious filmmaker". The Hindu (Press release). 7 May 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  151. ^ "Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy – Poet, Film maker of international fame from NelloreOne Nellore". 1nellore.com. One Nellore.


  152. ^ "Stars : Star Profiles : Adurti Subbarao: A Tribute". telugucinema.com. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.


  153. ^ "Long journey sans fun". The Hindu (Press release). 19 November 2002. Retrieved 2012-08-29.


  154. ^ "Children's Film Society, India | Page 14" (Press release). cfsindia. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 2012-08-29.


  155. ^ "The meaning in movement". The Asian Age.


  156. ^ 30 years of Meghasandesam, retrospective, Eenadu cinema, 24 September 2012, Eenadu Daily


  157. ^ [2][dead link]


  158. ^ "Cinema – The Era Of Talking Movies – 1940–1950". Windows on Asia. Archived from the original on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2011.


  159. ^ Bamzai, Kaveree (18 July 1999). "Back To The Future". Indian Express. |access-date= requires |url= (help)


  160. ^ ab "16th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 22 September 2011.


  161. ^ "Directorate of Film Festival" (PDF).


  162. ^ "Tandra Paparayudu. Tandra Paparayudu Movie Cast & Crew". www.bharatmovies.com.


  163. ^ "Tandra Paparayudu Songs".


  164. ^ Pasupulate, Karthik (25 December 2012). "Super Star Krishna retires from movies". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 December 2012.


  165. ^ M L Narasimham. "Blast from the Past: Mahakavi Kalidasu (1960)". The Hindu.


  166. ^ "8 decades of laughter – Times Of India". articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com.


  167. ^ "Singeetham Srinivasa Rao's gems before Christ – Rediff.com Movies". rediff.com.


  168. ^ "Sudeep's excited about film with Ram Gopal Varma – Times Of India". articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com.


  169. ^ "Directorate of film festival" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-10-13.


  170. ^ "Dark days for Grahanam". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 20 November 2005. Retrieved 2008-06-18.


  171. ^ "The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh / Hyderabad News : 'Prasthanam' in Indian Panorama". hindu.com.


  172. ^ "'1940 lo oka gramam' release soon". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 29 September 2010.


  173. ^ "Software engineer turned director wins National Award". reachouthyderabad.com.


  174. ^ Sudhish Kamath (18 March 2011). "Life & Style / Metroplus : The Saturday Interview – A cut above". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2011-12-06.


  175. ^ "Telugu star Shoban Babu passes away". Hindustan Times. 21 March 2008. Archived from the original on 7 July 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-10.


  176. ^ Social Post (25 March 2009). "Kantha Rao becomes a memory | News – Oneindia Entertainment". Entertainment.oneindia.in. Retrieved 2012-11-03.


  177. ^ "Profile of Gummadi – Telugu film actor".


  178. ^ http://dff.nic.in/2011/28th_nff_1981.pdf


  179. ^ http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf


  180. ^ http://dff.nic.in/2011/39nd_nff_1985.pdf


  181. ^ http://dff.nic.in/2011/22nd_nff_1974.pdf


  182. ^ "100 Years of Cinema: The men who changed the face of Indian films". ibnlive.in.com. IBNLive.


  183. ^ "AU confers honorary degrees on Chiru, others". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 7 November 2006. Retrieved 2011-04-21.


  184. ^ ab "Guinness record for Brahmanandam". The Times of India. 15 December 2007. Retrieved 10 October 2010.


  185. ^ ab "Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2011-09-21.


  186. ^ "60th National Film Awards Announced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. Retrieved 18 March 2013.


  187. ^ "The Hindu : National : French honour for Balamuralikrishna". hindu.com.


  188. ^ "Maestro in many moods". thehindu.com. The Hindu.


  189. ^ "Susarla's work". uiowa.edu. University of Iowa. Archived from the original on 4 May 2013.


  190. ^ "cinegoer.net – Nostalgia – AVM's Bhookailas". cinegoer.com. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011.


  191. ^ "Special story on veteran music director Susarla Dakshinamurthy – Etv2,Susarla Dakshinamurthy, Music". telugism.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.


  192. ^ "The Hindu : Friday Review Hyderabad / Music : Melodious tribute". hindu.com.


  193. ^ DC Correspondent New Delhi (26 January 2011). "SPB wins Padma Bhushan, no Bharat Ratna this year". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 2011-05-02


  194. ^ "A Tribute to (Ra)Saluri Rajeshwara Rao". TeluguCinema.Com. 27 October 2007. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2011.


  195. ^ "Honouring a legend". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 11 February 2003.


  196. ^ "Ghantasala".


  197. ^ Naig, Udhav. "P. Susheela enters Guinness World Records".


  198. ^ "Happy Birthday PSusheela".


  199. ^ "Music duo Rajkoti will be honoured-News,Telugu movie news,latest news,". myfirstshow.com.


  200. ^ "Raj-Koti Reunited : Special Live show – ap7am". Archived from the original on 2011-06-16.


  201. ^ "No more Telugu music recording in Chennai – Times Of India". articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com.


  202. ^ 'I knew Dookudu would be a blockbuster' Archived 27 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Rediff. Retrieved 6 October 2011


  203. ^ "Will lady luck smile on Mahesh Babu's Dookudu?". Oneindia.in. Retrieved 13 October 2011.


  204. ^ "'Dookudu,' the biggest hit you've never heard of". Los Angeles Times. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.


  205. ^ "It's Dookudu all the way". The Times of India. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.


  206. ^ "Dookudu on piracy alert, to avail John Doe Order". Oneindia.in. Retrieved 13 October 2011.


  207. ^ Karthik Paspulatte, TNN (20 November 2011). "Dookudu touches the one billion mark". The Times of India. Retrieved 2011-11-21.


  208. ^ "Mahesh Babu gets raunchy with Kajal Agarwal". Zee News. Retrieved 8 December 2011.


  209. ^ "Mahesh Babu's Dookudu collects 101 cr in 50 days". NDTV.


  210. ^ "Busan: 'Baahubali' to Release in Seven More Territories via MVP Entertainment". Variety. Retrieved 22 October 2015.


  211. ^ Telugu Film Distribution Territories & Boundaries


  212. ^ Nizam territory will remain indispensable for Tollywood


  213. ^ Telugu films storm the US market


  214. ^ "Ramoji Film City sets Guinness record". The Hindu. 3 August 2005. Retrieved 10 January 2012.


  215. ^ "Press Information Bureau English Releases". Pib.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  216. ^ "Most screen credits for a living actor". Guinnessworldrecords.com. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  217. ^ "BBC Interview with S P Balasubramaniam".


  218. ^ "Singing his way to the guinness". Spbala.com. 5 March 1999. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  219. ^ "Make way for SPB, the TV host!". Rediff.com. 19 November 2009. Retrieved 2012-08-25.


  220. ^ "Guinness Record for Vijaya Nirmala". The Hindu. Chennai, India.
    [dead link]


  221. ^ "Hindu news P.Susheela enters guinness world records".


  222. ^ "GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH: Andhra Pradesh Entertainment Tax Act, 1939" (PDF).


  223. ^ http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/Winners_of_63rd_NFA_2015.pdf


  224. ^ http://dff.nic.in/2011/40th_nff_1993.pdf


  225. ^ ab "11th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 13 September 2011.


  226. ^ "2nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 23 August 2011.


  227. ^ "3rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 1 September 2011.


  228. ^ "5th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 2 September 2011.


  229. ^ "6th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 3 September 2011.


  230. ^ "7th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 September 2011.


  231. ^ "8th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 7 September 2011.


  232. ^ "9th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 8 September 2011.


  233. ^ "10th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 9 September 2011.


  234. ^ "Ramadasu (1964) Awards – Award Winners Of Ramadasu Telugu Movie". gomolo.com.


  235. ^ "13th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 15 September 2011.


  236. ^ "Rangula Ratnam (1967) Awards – Award Winners Of Rangula Ratnam Telugu Movie". gomolo.com.

    • "Tale of a celluloid poet". The Hindu.



  237. ^ "15th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 21 September 2011.


  238. ^ "17th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 26 September 2011.


  239. ^ "18th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 26 September 2011.


  240. ^ "National Film Awards (1971)". gomolo.com.


  241. ^ "20th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 26 September 2011.


  242. ^ "23rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.


  243. ^ "Encyclopaedia Of Modern Journalism And Mass Media (Set Of 10 Vols.) 2005". google.co.in.

    • "National Film Awards (1976)". gomolo.com.



  244. ^ "25th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.


  245. ^ "26th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.


  246. ^ "National Film Awards (1979)". gomolo.com.

    • "Nagna Sathyam (1979) Cast and Crew". gomolo.com.



  247. ^ "28th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.


  248. ^ "29th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.


  249. ^ "30th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.


  250. ^ "31st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 December 2011.


  251. ^ "32nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 6 January 2012.


  252. ^ "33rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 7 January 2012.


  253. ^ "34th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 7 January 2012.


  254. ^ "36th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.


  255. ^ "37th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 29 January 2012.


  256. ^ "38th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.


  257. ^ "39th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 February 2012.


  258. ^ "40th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 2 March 2012.


  259. ^ "41st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 3 March 2012.


  260. ^ "43rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 6 March 2012.


  261. ^ "44th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.


  262. ^ "45th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 11 March 2012.


  263. ^ "46th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 12 March 2012.


  264. ^ "47th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 13 March 2012.


  265. ^ "49th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 14 March 2012.


  266. ^ "51st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 15 March 2012.


  267. ^ "52nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 28 January 2012.


  268. ^ "53rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 19 March 2012.


  269. ^ "54th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 24 March 2012.


  270. ^ "56th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 March 2012.


  271. ^ "60th National Film Awards Announced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. Retrieved 18 March 2013.


  272. ^ "61st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. 16 April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.


  273. ^ "62nd National Film Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Directorate of Film Festivals. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.


  274. ^ "63rd National Film Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Directorate of Film Festivals. 28 March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.


  275. ^ "64th National Film Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Directorate of Film Festivals. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2017.


  276. ^ "65th National Film Awards LIVE: Sridevi Posthumously Awarded Best Actress; Vinod Khanna Honoured With Dada Saheb Phalke Award". News 18date=13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.


  277. ^ abcdef "::DIRECTORATE OF FILM FESTIVALS::". dff.nic.in.


  278. ^ "64th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. p. 183. Retrieved 15 May 2017.


  279. ^ ""Shri B. Nagi Reddy" award for "Eega" movie". idlebrain.com. 6 April 2013. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2013.


  280. ^ "TSR-TV9 film awards function in city today". The Times of India. 10 April 2011.


  281. ^ "Pre-visualisation, fire fly creative studios, Hyderabad". The Hindu Cinema.


  282. ^ "Sanath fire fly, digital lab, Hyderabad". The Hindu, Cinema.


  283. ^ Suresh Krishnamoorthy. "Cities / Hyderabad : With technology, 'Eega' takes wings". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Retrieved 2012-09-19.





















-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

圖片
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No.  built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA...
閱讀完整內容

Rikitea

圖片
Town in French Polynesia, France Rikitea Town Rikitea Location in French Polynesia Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Country   France Overseas collectivity   French Polynesia Territory Gambier Islands Island Mangareva Rikitea is a small town on Mangareva, which is part of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. A majority of the islanders live in Rikitea. [1] [2] The island was a protectorate of France in 1871 and was annexed in 1881. [3] Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Landmarks 5 Transportation 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links History The town's history dates to the era when the island was first settled with people from the Marquesas Islands in 1100 AD. Captain James Wilson of the London Missionary Society arrived in 1797 on Du...
閱讀完整內容

University of Vienna

圖片
"Vienna University" redirects here. For Vienna University of Economics and Business, see Vienna University of Economics and Business. University of Vienna Universität Wien Type Public Established 1365 Budget € 544 million [1] Rector Heinz Engl Academic staff 6,765 Administrative staff 3,106 Students 94,000 [2] Postgraduates 16,490 Doctoral students 8,945 Location Main building, Vienna , Austria 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Coordinates: 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Campus Urban Colors Blue and White           Affiliations Campus Europae, EUA, UNICA Website www.univie.ac.at/en Data as of 2016 [update] The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien ) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the Ge...
閱讀完整內容