Solapur




This article is about the city. For the larger government district, see Solapur district.




City in Western India, India






















































































Solapur
City
Nickname(s): 
Manchester of India



Maharashtra

Maharashtra

Solapur



Location of Solapur in Maharashtra

Coordinates: 17°40′48″N 75°55′12″E / 17.6800°N 75.9200°E / 17.6800; 75.9200Coordinates: 17°40′48″N 75°55′12″E / 17.6800°N 75.9200°E / 17.6800; 75.9200
Country
 India
Region Western India
State Maharashtra
District Solapur
Government

 • Body Solapur Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor
 Smt.. Shobha Banshetti[1]
 • Deputy Mayor
 Smt.. Sashikala Battul[2]
 • Municipal Commissioner
 Mr. Vijay Kalam[3]
Area

 • Total 180.67 km2 (69.76 sq mi)
Elevation

 457 m (1,499 ft)
Population
(2018)

 • Total 1.8 million
Demonym(s) Solapurkar, Solapuri
Time zone
UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
413001-413009
Telephone code 0217[4]
Vehicle registration MH-13 (Solapur city)[5]
MH-45 (Solapur(Akluj) )[6]

MH-62(Solapur rural )[6]
Sex ratio 52/48 ♂/♀
Literacy Rate 83.88%
Website solapur.nic.in

Solapur (IPA: [Sōlāpūr]) (About this soundpronunciation (help·info)) is a city located in the south-western region of the Indian state of Maharashtra.[7][8] Solapur is located on major road and rail routes between Mumbai,Pune and Hyderabad, with a branch line to the cities of Bijapur and Gadag in the neighbouring state of Karnataka.[9]
It is classified as a 2 Tier and B-2 class city by House Rent Allowance (HRA) classification by the Government of India.[10] It is the 5th biggest city in Maharashtra after #Mumbai , Pune, Nagpur, Nashik and the 49th most populous city in India and 43rd largest urban agglomeration.[11]


Solapur district has the highest number of sugar factories (total 33) in Maharashtra state as well as in India.[12][13] Solapur leads Maharashtra in production of Indian cigarettes or beedi.[14][15]Solapuri Chadars and towels are famous in India and also at a global level,[16][17] however there has been a significant decline in their exports due to quality reasons.[18] "Solapuri chadars" are the famous and first product in Maharashtra to get a Geographical Indication tag[19][20] It has been a leading centre for cotton mills and power looms in Maharashtra. Solapur had the world's second-largest and Asia's largest spinning mill.[21] The National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP) of India is located in Solapur.[22][23][24] and pomegranate farming is done on a large scale in Solapur District.[25] The Science Centre in Kegaon (Solapur) is the third largest and prominent scientific association in Maharashtra.[26][27] The Raichur-Solapur Power Transmission line of 765 kV power capacity suffices the power grid accessing need of the southern states of Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh.[28][29][30][31] The first waste-to-energy electricity plant in Maharashtra is situated in Solapur.[32][33][34][35][36]


The Gramadevata (Chief deity) of the city is Shri Shivyogi Siddheshwar.[37][38] The "Nandidhwaj" procession on the Hindu festival of Makar Sankranti and on account of it an annual fair locally known as Gadda Yatra attracts large crowds and is associated with the marriage of Lord Siddheshwar.[39][40] In 1992, the Solapur Municipal Corporation extended its area up to 300 square kilometres (120 sq mi) by merging its suburbs.[41]




Contents






  • 1 Etymology and history


  • 2 Toponomy


  • 3 Culture


  • 4 Demographics


  • 5 Geography and climate


  • 6 Civic administration


  • 7 Sports


  • 8 Economy


    • 8.1 MIDC




  • 9 Environment


  • 10 Transport


    • 10.1 Rail


    • 10.2 Road


    • 10.3 Air




  • 11 Utility services


  • 12 Notable people


  • 13 Notes and references


  • 14 External links





Etymology and history




Shri.Siddheshwar Temple during the makar sankranti


The Solapur District was ruled by various dynasties such as Andhrabhratyas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Yadavas and Bahamanis. 'Solapur' spelled in (Marathi: सोलापूर is believed to be derived from the combination of two words: Sola / सोळा in Marathi means "sixteen" and "Pura / पुर" means "village".[42][43][44]


The present city of Solapur was considered to be spread over sixteen villages viz. Aadilpur, Ahmedpur, Chapaldev, Fatehpur, Jamdarwadi, Kalajapur, Khadarpur, Khandervkiwadi, Muhammadpur, Ranapur, Sandalpur, Shaikpur, Solapur, Sonallagi, Sonapur and Vaidakwadi and all these villages are now merged with Solapur Municipal Corporation.[45]


It is evident from the inscriptions of Shivayogi Lord Siddheshwar of the time of the Kalachuristis of Kalyani, that the town was called 'Sonnalage' which came to be pronounced as 'Sonnalagi'. The town was known as Sonnalagi even up to the times of Yadavas. A Sanskrit inscription dated (Sanskrit:शके १२३८) Śakē 1238, after the downfall of the Yadavas found at Kamati in Mohol shows that the town was known as Sonalipur.[46]


One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the town was called Sonalpur while another inscription on the well in the fort shows that it was known as Sandalpur. Subsequently, the British rulers pronounced Solapur as Sholapur and hence the name of the district.[47] The present Solapur district was previously part of Ahmednagar, Pune and Satara districts. In 1838 it became the Sub-district of Ahmednagar. It included Barshi, Mohol, Madha, Karmala, Indi, Hippargi and Muddebihal Sub-divisions. In 1864 this Sub-district was abolished. In 1871 this district was reformed joining the Sub-divisions viz. Solapur, Barshi, Mohol, Madha and Karmala and two Subdivisions of Satara district viz. Pandharpur, Sangola and in 1875 Malshiras Sub-division was also attached.[48] After the State reorganisation in 1956 Solapur was included in Bombay State and it became a full-fledged district of Maharashtra State in 1960.[49]


The municipal corporation building was built by Rao Saheb Mallappa Warad.[50] He was also one of the first to bring the farming tractor to India. It was his wish that the building should be used for some public purpose and thus the building was made the municipal council. The building is also called Indra Bhawan which means 'Abode of Indra' (Lord Indra).[51] Mallappa Warad was also one of the ten members of 'Chamber of Merchants' under Queen Victoria.


The Solapur Municipal Council was the first municipal council to hoist the indian national flag on the Municipal Council building in 1930. Taking the spirit of Dandi March from Mahatma Gandhi, the freedom fighters of Solapur hoisted the National Flag on 6 April 1930 on the Municipal Council building. This was the first and the unique incidence of such kind throughout the country.


During the Indian independence movement, the people of Solapur enjoyed full freedom on 9–11 May 1930.[52] However, this resulted in the executions of Mallappa Dhanshetti, Abdul Rasool Qurban Hussein, Jagannath Bhagwan Shinde and Shrikisan Laxminarayan Sarada, who were hanged on 12 January 1931, in the prison at Pune. This resulted in the city becoming recognized as "The City of Hutatmas" literally "The City of Martyrs".[53]




Tehsils of Solapur District. The north and south tehsils forms the city


There is also one of the oldest Ganesh temples, Ajoba Ganpati temple, which started celebrating the Ganesh festival in 1885.



Toponomy


The inscriptions of chief deity of Solapur Shivyogi Shri. Siddheshwar of the time of the Kalachuri (Basavakalyan) suggest that the town was called "Sonnalage" which came to be pronounced as "Sonnalagi".[54] A Sanskrit inscription dated Shake 1238, after the downfall of the Yadavas found at Kamati in Mohol shows that the town was known as Sonalipur. One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the town was called Sonalpur.[55] It was the main commercial hub of the Devagiri Yadavas and an important trading city. The town was known as Sonnalagi even up to the times of the Yadavas of Devagiri.



Culture


Solapur is a city with bi-linguistic and multi-cultural features.[56] Solapur has a mixture of Marathi and Kannada.


The festival of Makara Sankranti is one of the largest festivals celebrated by the people of Solapur. Gadda yatra is another important part of this festival. It is a fair which is organized on the Hom Maidan ground annually. Along with Makar Sankranti, people also celebrate Shiv Jayanti, Dr. Ambedkar Jayanti, Gudipadwa, Diwali, Ganesh Chaturthi and some more.


Ramadan is also a big religious event celebrated by the Muslim community of Solapur.


People also celebrate National festivals. Navratri is another festival celebrated in Solapur at Rupabhawani temple located at Tuljapur road. People visit the temple to worship Goddess Rupabhawani for nine days in Navratri.



Demographics


As per 2011 census of Solapur city[57] and as per provisional reports of the Census of India, the population of Solapur in 2011 was 951,118, of whom av were male and 468,924 were female.


Solapur's population, with the inclusion of its suburbs, increased to 1,250,000 reorganized in 2012.


In 2011, the total literates in Solapur city are 710,180 of whom 390,335 are males while 319,845 are females. The average literacy rate of Solapur city is 83.88 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.31 and 76.30 percent respectively.


Hinduism is the majority religion in Solapur city with 75.73% followers. Islam is the second most popular religion, with approximately 20.64% following it. Buddhism 1.62% Jainism by 1.00%, Christianity 0.73%, others, no religion and not stated 0.28%.[58]



Geography and climate





















































































































Climate data for Solapur
Month
 Jan
 Feb
 Mar
 Apr
 May
 Jun
 Jul
 Aug
 Sep
 Oct
 Nov
 Dec
 Year
Record high °C (°F)
 36.7
(98.1)
 39.4
(102.9)
 43.9
(111)
 44.7
(112.5)
 46.0
(114.8)
 45.6
(114.1)
 38.9
(102)
 40.0
(104)
 37.2
(99)
 38.5
(101.3)
 36.1
(97)
 34.7
(94.5)
 46.0
(114.8)
Average high °C (°F)
 30.9
(87.6)
 34.1
(93.4)
 37.4
(99.3)
 39.9
(103.8)
 40.2
(104.4)
 34.8
(94.6)
 31.7
(89.1)
 31.0
(87.8)
 31.9
(89.4)
 32.8
(91)
 31.2
(88.2)
 30.0
(86)
 33.8
(92.8)
Average low °C (°F)
 16.2
(61.2)
 18.2
(64.8)
 21.8
(71.2)
 24.8
(76.6)
 25.2
(77.4)
 23.4
(74.1)
 22.5
(72.5)
 21.9
(71.4)
 21.8
(71.2)
 21.0
(69.8)
 18.2
(64.8)
 16.0
(60.8)
 20.9
(69.6)
Record low °C (°F)
 4.4
(39.9)
 6.1
(43)
 12.2
(54)
 13.9
(57)
 16.1
(61)
 17.2
(63)
 16.7
(62.1)
 15.0
(59)
 15.9
(60.6)
 12.4
(54.3)
 7.8
(46)
 6.7
(44.1)
 4.4
(39.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
 4.6
(0.18)
 6.7
(0.26)
 5.6
(0.22)
 10.0
(0.39)
 30.2
(1.19)
 119.8
(4.72)
 131.7
(5.19)
 135.3
(5.33)
 189.2
(7.45)
 89.5
(3.52)
 25.1
(0.99)
 8.0
(0.31)
 755.7
(29.75)
Average rainy days
 0.2
 0.6
 0.5
 0.9
 2.5
 7.0
 8.8
 8.7
 9.5
 4.5
 1.6
 0.6
 45.4
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[59][60]

Solapur is located at 17°41′N 75°55′E / 17.68°N 75.92°E / 17.68; 75.92. It has an average elevation of 458 metres (1502 feet). It is bordered by Ahmednagar district on the north; Osmanabad district on the north and northeast.


Gulbarga district on the southeast and Bijapur Districts on the south of Karnataka State, Sangli district on the south and southwest; Satara district on the west, and Pune district on the northwest. It is situated at a distance of 410 km (250 mi) from the Maharashtra State Capital of Mumbai by road and train.


Solapur is at a distance of 245 km (152 mi) from Pune and 305 km (190 mi) from Hyderabad. Solapur is situated on the Deccan plateau.


Solapur falls under the category of dry (arid and semiarid) climate according to the Köppen climate classification. The city experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from 30 to 45 °C (86 to 113 °F). The warmest months in Solapur are April and May. The typical maximum temperatures being 40 °C (104 °F) or more. The highest temperature ever recorded is 46.0 °C (114.8 °F) in May 1988.[60] Although summer does not end until May or even the midst of June, the city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). The monsoon lasts from June to the end of September, with moderate rainfall. The city of Solapur receives an average rainfall of 545 mm (21.5 in) per year.[61] Winter begins in November and lasts until the end of February, with the temperatures occasionally dropping below 10 °C (50 °F). Solapur lies very close to the seismically active zone around Killari, Latur District, about 100 km (62 mi) east of the city.



Civic administration




Kambar Talav (lake), also known as Sambhaji Talav (lake)


The civic administration of the city is managed by the Solapur Municipal Corporation, which was established on the Maharashtra Day of 1 May 1964 in the building constructed by Mallappa Warad in 1930. The corporation oversees the engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation in the city.[62] It is headed by a mayor who is assisted by municipal commissioner and elected representatives. The city is divided into 135 wards and 6 zones. The corporation members also known as corporators are elected by the citizens of Solapur every five years. The corporators, in turn, elect the mayor. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town-planning and land-acquisition.[63]



Sports


Indira Gandhi Stadium in Solapur, formerly known as Park Stadium, hosts Ranji Trophy matches and is the home venue for Maharashtra cricket team.[64]



Economy


Solapur is located at an important junction of the North-south railway line which provides good transportation infrastructure for trade and industry. There are a number of medium and small-scale and medium industries found in the district, and it is one of the prime centers of the handloom and powerloom industry, cotton mills and the beedi industry. Rapier Terry Towels is now also an emerging industry in Solapur. Solapur is well known for the bed sheets produced here and has a reputation for the same. Textiles are an important aspect of the economy. As the epic growing part in the industrial sector, Sanghvi Towels are known as the parents of Rapier industries. They introduced the city how to go with the flow of changing demands of the Terry Towels market, following it many business houses have changed to Rapier Industries and now Rapier Chaddar Looms have been also introduced to the weaving sector by Bomdyal Textiles. The city is home to Precision Camshafts Limited[65] one of the largest manufacturers in camshafts in the world. In the agricultural field, the district has a well-established market in oilseeds. The major crops grown in the district include jowar, wheat and sugarcane.



MIDC


MIDC areas are spread all over in Solapur district:




  • Chincholi, Mohol

  • Tembhurni, Madha

  • Kurduwadi, Madha


  • Akkalkot, Akkalkot


  • Mangalwedha, Mangalwedha

  • Solapur, Solapur city



Environment


Solapur is one of the most-polluted cities in Maharashtra due to the effluent chemicals produced as the waste products from the textile industries in its region.[66][67] As many vehicles in the city utilise diesel fuel, it also generates tremendous smog emitted by sugar factories and heavy textiles industries in the city's suburb.[68] Various efforts are being made by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) to reduce air pollution and its environmental effects.[69] The city has launched a GO-GREEN scheme by planting trees in the city and developing greenery with the help of various eco-friendly people in the city.[70]



Transport



Rail




Main entrance of Solapur Railway Station


Solapur railway station is the main railway hub within the city.[71] The Solapur Railway Division is an important division connecting South India to Western & North west India. Trains from Ahmedabad, Jaipur, New Delhi, Mumbai, Pune etc., ply to Southern states (Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu & Kerala) via Solapur.[72]


Hotgi Junction and Kurduvadi Junction are two junction railway stations present in the Solapur district.[73][74]




12115 Siddeshwar Express AC coach



Road


Solapur internal city transport is managed by SMT (Solapur Municipal Transport), SMC and other private cabs.


Solapur is well connected by road with major cities of Maharashtra as well as the adjoining State Capital of Hyderabad and important cities in Karnataka by four National Highways – NH 9 highway connecting Pune with Vijaywada via Hyderabad, Suryapet, NH-52 connecting Solapur to Mangalore, Karnataka and NH-211 connecting Solapur to Dhule. Ratnagiri-Nagpur National highway NH-204 passes through city, connecting Solapur to other important cities in Maharashtra like Nagpur, Sangli, Kolhapur and Nanded. Recently sanctioned National Highways- (Solapur - Kalaburagi)[75] and Ratnagiri-Solapur-Yavatmal-Nanded-Nagpur.[76] (Solapur-Bijapur) Road section in NH-13 is proposed to be improved by its four laning.[77] The Solapur-Aurangabad national highway is also proposed for its four laning to reduce the time and cost in travelling from Solapur to Aurangabad.[78]



Air


Solapur Airport (IATA code: SSE[79]) is located to the south of Solapur city. There are no scheduled flights operating out of Solapur Airport. The Government of Maharashtra has planned to upgrade the airport.[80][81]



Utility services


The electrical supply to the city is managed by the Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited[82] and water is supplied from the Ujjani Dam on the Bhima River.[83]



Notable people




  • Salil Ankola, member of Indian Cricket Team in 1992 world Cup; Hindi film actor


  • Anagha Deshpande, Indian women's cricket player


  • Achyut Godbole, Maharashtrian Marathi and English writer


  • Walchand Hirachand, Indian industrialist and founder of Walchand group


  • Dwarkanath Kotnis, among the physicians dispatched to China to provide medical assistance during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938


  • Atul Kulkarni, Indian film actor


  • Nagraj Manjule, film director of Marathi movies


  • Vijaysinh Mohite–Patil, former Deputy Chief-Minister of Maharashtra State

  • Dr. Jabbar Patel, theatre and film director of Marathi and Hindi movies


  • Vandana Shanbagh, Arjuna award winner athlete; represented India at 1988 Olympics


  • Shashikala, actress in Marathi and Hindi movies


  • Praniti Shinde, MLA of Solapur City Central Assembly


  • Sushilkumar Shinde, former Home Minister of India


  • Polly Umrigar, one of the all-time greats of Indian cricket



Notes and references





  1. ^ "Solapur Municipal Corporation". www.solapurcorporation.gov.in. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "DEPUTY MAYOR". Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  3. ^ "Solapur Municipal Corporation". www.solapurcorporation.gov.in. 12 March 2015. Archived from the original on 16 June 2015.


  4. ^ "Sholapur Std Code". www.mapsofindia.com. Maharashtra, India. Retrieved 2 July 2015.


  5. ^ Sachin Lad (6 October 2014). mrनाकाबंदीत तपासणी : सवलत फक्त ‘एमएच १०’साठीच; सीमाभागात दक्षता [Nākābandīt Tapāsṇī: Savalat Phakta 'MH 10'sāṭhīca; Sīmābhāgāt Dakṣatā]. Lokmat (in Marathi). Sangli. Retrieved 7 July 2015.


  6. ^ ab "Vehicle Registration Numbers Series in Mumbai and City Districts Of Maharashtra". www.mumbai77.com. 19 November 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2015.


  7. ^ "Overview of Solapur". Maharashtra Airport Development Company. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  8. ^ "ऐतिहासिक है महाराष्ट्र का सोलापुर" [Aitihāsik hai Mahārāṣṭra kā Sōlāpur]. Aaj Tak (in Hindi). 20 August 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  9. ^ "Maharashtra Cities: Solapur". www.maharashtratourism.net. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  10. ^ "Re-classification of cities/towns on the basis of 2001 Census -grant of House Rent Allowance (HRA) and Compensatory (City) Allowance (CCA) to Central Government employees". dpe.nic.in. Retrieved 8 April 2015.


  11. ^ "Biggest Cities in India". nriol.com. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)


  12. ^ Ketaki Ghoge (22 June 2015). "In a first Solapur decides to give up on sugarcane cultivation". Hindustan Times. Mumbai. Retrieved 1 July 2015.


  13. ^ Sanjay Pathak (13 March 2013). "देशातील सर्वाधिक साखर कारखान्यांनाचा मान सोलापूर जिल्ह्याला" [Dēśātīl Sarvādhik Sākhar Kārakhān'yānnācā mān Sōlāpūr Jil'hyālā]. Sakal (in Marathi). Solapur. Retrieved 1 July 2015.


  14. ^ Meena Menon (21 June 2006). "A dream come true for beedi workers of Solapur". The Hindu. Mumbai. Retrieved 8 July 2015.


  15. ^ Rebecca Bundhun (3 June 2013). "Check out India's 'Manchester of the East'". The National (Abu Dhabi). Retrieved 8 July 2015.


  16. ^ Prashant Mane (26 September 2011). "सोलापुरी चादरी, टॉवेलच्या व्यवसायाला घरघर" [Sōlāpurī Cādarī, ṭŏvēlacyā Vyavasāyālā Gharghar]. Sakal (in Marathi). Solapur, Maharashtra. Retrieved 14 June 2015.


  17. ^ "सोलापुर को मिला पहला पांचसितारा होटल" [Sōlāpur Kō Milā Pahlā Pān̄casitārā Hōṭal]. IBN7 (in Hindi). Solapur, Maharashtra. 19 October 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2015.


  18. ^ Suryakant Asabe (15 August 2008). "सोलापुरी चादरींची निर्यात थांबली" [Sōlāpurī Cādarīn̄cī Niryāt Thāmblī]. Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Solapur, Maharashtra. Retrieved 14 June 2015.


  19. ^ Supriya Shelar (May 2010). "BARRING STRAWBERRIES, OTHER GOODIES LANGUISH IN STATE". Sakaal Times. Maharashtra, India. Retrieved 10 May 2015.


  20. ^ "મહારાષ્ટ્રનું સબ્સિડી બજેટ" [Mahārāṣṭranuṁ Subsidy Budget]. Mumbai Samachar (in Gujarati). April 2015. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  21. ^ Roli Srivastav (October 2014). "Shinde losing ground like chaddar in Solapur". The Times of India. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  22. ^ Matrix News (August 2013). "कुशल प्रबंधन व उन्नत तकनीक अपनाने की सलाह" [Kuśal Prabandhan Vā Unnatā Taknīk Apnānē kī Salāh]. Dainik Bhaskar (in Hindi). Balotra, India. Retrieved 12 May 2015.


  23. ^ R.K. Pal (September 2012). "About NRCP". www.nrcpomegranate.org. NRCP. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  24. ^ Kavitha Iyer (20 May 2015). "Maharashtra: Shifting weather pattern plays spoilsport; farmers' efforts fail to bear fruit". Punjab Star News. India. Retrieved 12 June 2015.


  25. ^ Dinkar Gaangal (18 January 2015). "...सोलापुरात काही घडले आहे!" [... Sōlāpurāt Kāhī Ghaḍlē āhē!]. Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Retrieved 21 July 2015.


  26. ^ "सोलापुरात विज्ञानाच्या गमतींचे नवे केंद्र" [Sōlāpurāt Vijñānācyā Gamatīn̄cē Navē Kēndra]. Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Solapur, Maharashtra. July 2009. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  27. ^ Rameshwar Vibhute (February 2014). "विज्ञानातील आनंददायी नवलाई आली सोलापूरच्या कक्षेत" [Vijñānātīl Ãnanddāyī Navlā'ī ālī Sōlāpūrcyā Kakṣēt]. Divya Marathi (in Marathi). Solapur, Maharashtra. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  28. ^ "ರಾಯಚೂರು– ಸೊಲ್ಲಾಪುರ ವಿದ್ಯುತ್‌ ಜಾಲ" [Raichur_ Solapur Vidyut Jala]. www.planetkannada.com (in Kannada). Retrieved 8 July 2015.


  29. ^ B.S. Satish Kumar (16 August 2014). "Raichur–Solapur power line to be dedicated to nation today". The Hindu. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  30. ^ "Milestones achieved". Power Grid Corporation of India. December 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  31. ^ TNN (2 January 2014). "Southern power grid connected to north". The Times of India. Hyderabad. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  32. ^ Piyush Babele (5 June 2015). "How Solapur converted garbage into electricity". India Today. New Delhi. Retrieved 12 June 2015.


  33. ^ "पर्यावरण दिवस: यूरोप की राह चला सोलापुर" [Paryāvaraṇ Divas: Europe kī Rāh Calā Sōlāpur]. Aaj Tak (in Hindi). India. 4 June 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2015.


  34. ^ Chittaranjan Tembhekar, TNN (7 October 2012). "Organic Recycling Systems commences power generation at its Sholapur plant". The Times of India. Mumbai. Retrieved 12 June 2015.


  35. ^ Ashwini Waghmale (Deputy Municipal Commissioner) (28 August 2013). "वीज प्रकल्पातून भागली गणपतीची वर्गणी" [Vīj Prakalpātūn Bhāglī Gaṇpatīcī Vargaṇi]. Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Kolhapur. Retrieved 12 June 2015.


  36. ^ Karnika Bahuguna (16 March 2015). "Organic Recycling Systems develops green mode of generating electricity from solid waste". The Economic Times. New Delhi. Retrieved 12 June 2015.


  37. ^ "Why Solapur". www.shagundreamspaces.com. Shagun. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  38. ^ "योगदंड पूजनाने सिद्धेश्वर यात्रेच्या धार्मिक विधींना सुरुवात" [Yōgdaṇḍ Pūjnānē Sid'dhēśvar Yātrēcyā Dhārmik Vidhīnnā Suruvāt]. Divya Marathi (in Marathi). Solapur, Maharashtra. January 2013. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  39. ^ "गड्डा यात्रा सोलापुर" [Gaḍḍā Yātrā Sōlāpur]. www.misalpav.com (in Marathi). Solapur, Maharashtra. January 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2017.


  40. ^ "ASSOCIATION OF CONSULTING CIVIL ENGINEERS (ACCE) - SOLAPUR". accesolapur.com. Solapur, Maharashtra. Retrieved 8 April 2015.


  41. ^ "'हद्द' वाढली पण विकास रखडलेलाच" ['Hadda' vāḍhlī Paṇ Vikās Rakhaḍalēlāch]. Divya Marathi (in Marathi). Solapur. 5 May 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2015.


  42. ^ "મહારાષ્ટ્રનું સબ્સિડી બજેટ" [Maharashtranu Subsidy Budget]. Mumbai Samachar (in Gujarati). April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  43. ^ "महाराष्ट्र का ऐतिहासिक शहर: सोलापुर" [Maharashtra ka Aitihasik Shahar: Solapur]. www.hindi.nativeplanet.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  44. ^ "Historical Importance". www.solapurpolice.gov.in. Solapur Police. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  45. ^ Raju Gore, Pratap Patil. "Welcome to Maharashtra Political Parties.in". maharashtrapoliticalparties.in. Maharashtra, India. Retrieved 8 April 2015.


  46. ^ "Solapur". www.maharashtrainformation.com. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  47. ^ "Pandharpur". Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  48. ^ "Solapur BAR Association - History". solapurbarassociation.com.


  49. ^ "Solapur". www.maharashtrainformation.com. May 2012. Retrieved 12 May 2015.


  50. ^ "SHOLAPUR DURING POST-1818 PERIOD". The Gazetteers Department, Government of Maharashtra. Maharashtra, India. Archived from the original on 24 December 2015. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  51. ^ "Solapur Attractions: Indra Bhawan". www.nativeplanet.com. India. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  52. ^ Eijaz Mujawar (10 February 2012). "अस्वस्थ शहर - सोलापूर विकासाची चिंता कोणाला?" [Asvasth śahar - Sōlāpūr Vikāsācī Cintā Kōṇālā?]. Loksatta (in Marathi). Solapur. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  53. ^ "Solapur". www.trodly.com. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  54. ^ Nagnath Dhaygode, Amit Shinde; Amol Shinde (2013). "A geographical study of eco-tourism in Solapur district". Maharashtra, India. Retrieved 2 July 2015.


  55. ^ "Solapur History. The government of Maharashtra" (PDF). Retrieved 25 June 2009.


  56. ^ Rajnish Joshi (1 May 2012). "सोलापुरात आढळतो एकजिनसी झालेला महाराष्ट्र !" [Sōlāpurāt āḍhaḷtō ēkjinsī jhālēlā Mahārāṣṭra !]. Sakal (in Marathi). Solapur. Retrieved 8 July 2015.


  57. ^ "Solapur 2011 Census Data". 2011 Census of India. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  58. ^ "Solapur City Census 2011 data". Census2011. Retrieved 3 March 2018.


  59. ^
    "Sholapur Climatological Table Period: 1961–1990". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  60. ^ ab "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2015.


  61. ^ "Solapur District at a Glance" (PDF). solapur.gov.in. 2013. Retrieved June 2014. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)


  62. ^ "जिल्हा परिषद, महानगरपालिका व जिल्ह्यातील नगरपालिकेच्या अडचणींसदर्भात आजपासून बैठकीस प्रारंभ-आ.दिपकआबा" [Jil'hā Pariṣad, Mahānagarpālikā Va Jil'hyātīl Nagarpālikēcyā Aḍacaṇīnsandarbhāt ājapāsūn Baiṭhakīs Prārambh-ā.Dipak'ābā]. Mandoot Express (in Marathi). Sangola. November 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2015.


  63. ^ Solapur Corporation. Solapur corporation. Retrieved on 5 June 2011.


  64. ^ "Indira Gandhi Stadium". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 April 2015.


  65. ^ "PCL India". www.pclindia.in. Retrieved 2016-09-14.


  66. ^ Nitin Agarwal (29 April 2015). "मुंबईसह महाराष्ट्रातील १८ शहरे प्रदुषित" [Mumba'īsah Mahārāṣṭrātīl 18 śaharē Pradūṣit]. Lokmat (in Marathi). New Delhi, India. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  67. ^ http://www.sadgurupublications.com/ContentPaper/2012/4_1453_10(2)2012.pdf


  68. ^ "Maharashtra, Development Report". Academic Foundation. 19 May 2017 – via Google Books.


  69. ^ "Maharashtra Pollution Control Board". mpcb.gov.in.


  70. ^ "Helping create more greenery". Sakaal Times. Pune. May 2014. Retrieved April 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  71. ^ Nikhil Deshmukh, Times News Network (22 December 2014). "Railways to initiate double lining work of Solapur-Hotgi route". The Times of India. Kolhapur. Retrieved 21 May 2015.


  72. ^ Vika Suddiloka (December 2014). "ಸೊಲ್ಲಾಪುರಕ್ಕೆ ಹೊಸ ರೈಲು" [Sollapurrake Hosa Railu]. Vijaya Karnataka (in Kannada). Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  73. ^ Mahavir Shah, Shri Sanjaydada Tonpe. "सोलापूर जिल्हा" [Solapur Jilha]. Solapur-Pune Pravasi Sanghatna (in Marathi). Solapur. Retrieved 30 June 2015.


  74. ^ "रेल्वेच्या नुसत्याच घोषणा" [Railwaycyā Nusatyāch Ghōṣṇā]. Lokmat (in Marathi). Solapur. 25 February 2015. Retrieved 2 July 2015.


  75. ^ Vika Suddiloka (April 2015). "ಸೊಲ್ಲಾಪುರ- ಕಲಬುರಗಿ ರಸ್ತೆಗೆ 400 ಕೋಟಿ :ಮೇತ್ರೆ" [Sollapura Kalaburagi 400 crore for the road ...]. Vijaya Karnataka (in Kannada). Akkalkot. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  76. ^ Ashish Roy (December 2014). "State needs better road network: Kelkar report". The Times of India. Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  77. ^ IRIS (April 2015). "CCEA approves four laning of Solapur-Bijapur section of NH-13 in Maharashtra". www.myiris.com. Maharashtra. Retrieved May 2015. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)


  78. ^ Ranjana Diggikar, TNN (10 August 2014). "PM to inaugurate work on Solapur-Aurangabad highway". The Times of India. Aurangabad. Retrieved 3 June 2015.


  79. ^ Sholapur Airport (SSE) Details – India. World-airport-codes.com. Retrieved on 5 June 2011.


  80. ^ PTI (26 June 2015). "Maharashtra to upgrade Shirdi, Solapur Airports". The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 1 July 2015.


  81. ^ Samir Karve (24 June 2015). "दोन विमानतळात सांधेजोड आवश्यक" [Dōn Vimāntaḷāt Sāndhējōḍ āvaśyak]. Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Mumbai. Retrieved 2 July 2015.


  82. ^ Anvi Mehta (25 April 2014). "Intermittent power cuts for next couple of days in Pune". Pune: Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved Jul 6, 2015.


  83. ^ Sarang Dastane (12 May 2015). "Water in Ujani dam slips into the negative". Times of India. Pune. Retrieved Jul 6, 2015.




External links












  • Solapur Government Site *http://discoversolapur.com

  • Solapur News (Marathi)













-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

圖片
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No.  built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA...
閱讀完整內容

Rikitea

圖片
Town in French Polynesia, France Rikitea Town Rikitea Location in French Polynesia Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Country   France Overseas collectivity   French Polynesia Territory Gambier Islands Island Mangareva Rikitea is a small town on Mangareva, which is part of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. A majority of the islanders live in Rikitea. [1] [2] The island was a protectorate of France in 1871 and was annexed in 1881. [3] Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Landmarks 5 Transportation 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links History The town's history dates to the era when the island was first settled with people from the Marquesas Islands in 1100 AD. Captain James Wilson of the London Missionary Society arrived in 1797 on Du...
閱讀完整內容

University of Vienna

圖片
"Vienna University" redirects here. For Vienna University of Economics and Business, see Vienna University of Economics and Business. University of Vienna Universität Wien Type Public Established 1365 Budget € 544 million [1] Rector Heinz Engl Academic staff 6,765 Administrative staff 3,106 Students 94,000 [2] Postgraduates 16,490 Doctoral students 8,945 Location Main building, Vienna , Austria 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Coordinates: 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Campus Urban Colors Blue and White           Affiliations Campus Europae, EUA, UNICA Website www.univie.ac.at/en Data as of 2016 [update] The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien ) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the Ge...
閱讀完整內容