61st United States Congress





































61st United States Congress


60th ←

→ 62nd


USCapitol1906.jpg

United States Capitol (1906)

March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1911
Senate President
James S. Sherman (R)
Senate President pro tem
William P. Frye (R)
House Speaker
Joseph G. Cannon (R)
Members 92 senators
391 members of the House
7 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority Republican
House Majority Republican
Sessions

Special: March 4, 1909 – March 6, 1909
1st: March 15, 1909 – August 5, 1909
2nd: December 6, 1909 – June 25, 1910
3rd: December 5, 1910 – March 3, 1911

The Sixty-first United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1909, to March 4, 1911, during the first two years of William H. Taft's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twelfth Census of the United States in 1900. Both chambers had a Republican majority.


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Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation


  • 3 Constitutional amendments


  • 4 Party summary


    • 4.1 Senate


    • 4.2 House of Representatives




  • 5 Leadership


    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives


      • 5.2.1 Majority (Republican) leadership


      • 5.2.2 Minority (Democratic) leadership






  • 6 Members


    • 6.1 Senate


      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arkansas


      • 6.1.3 California


      • 6.1.4 Colorado


      • 6.1.5 Connecticut


      • 6.1.6 Delaware


      • 6.1.7 Florida


      • 6.1.8 Georgia


      • 6.1.9 Idaho


      • 6.1.10 Illinois


      • 6.1.11 Indiana


      • 6.1.12 Iowa


      • 6.1.13 Kansas


      • 6.1.14 Kentucky


      • 6.1.15 Louisiana


      • 6.1.16 Maine


      • 6.1.17 Maryland


      • 6.1.18 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.19 Michigan


      • 6.1.20 Minnesota


      • 6.1.21 Mississippi


      • 6.1.22 Missouri


      • 6.1.23 Montana


      • 6.1.24 Nebraska


      • 6.1.25 Nevada


      • 6.1.26 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.27 New Jersey


      • 6.1.28 New York


      • 6.1.29 North Carolina


      • 6.1.30 North Dakota


      • 6.1.31 Ohio


      • 6.1.32 Oklahoma


      • 6.1.33 Oregon


      • 6.1.34 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.35 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.36 South Carolina


      • 6.1.37 South Dakota


      • 6.1.38 Tennessee


      • 6.1.39 Texas


      • 6.1.40 Utah


      • 6.1.41 Vermont


      • 6.1.42 Virginia


      • 6.1.43 Washington


      • 6.1.44 West Virginia


      • 6.1.45 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.46 Wyoming




    • 6.2 House of Representatives


      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arkansas


      • 6.2.3 California


      • 6.2.4 Colorado


      • 6.2.5 Connecticut


      • 6.2.6 Delaware


      • 6.2.7 Florida


      • 6.2.8 Georgia


      • 6.2.9 Idaho


      • 6.2.10 Illinois


      • 6.2.11 Indiana


      • 6.2.12 Iowa


      • 6.2.13 Kansas


      • 6.2.14 Kentucky


      • 6.2.15 Louisiana


      • 6.2.16 Maine


      • 6.2.17 Maryland


      • 6.2.18 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.19 Michigan


      • 6.2.20 Minnesota


      • 6.2.21 Mississippi


      • 6.2.22 Missouri


      • 6.2.23 Montana


      • 6.2.24 Nebraska


      • 6.2.25 Nevada


      • 6.2.26 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.27 New Jersey


      • 6.2.28 New York


      • 6.2.29 North Carolina


      • 6.2.30 North Dakota


      • 6.2.31 Ohio


      • 6.2.32 Oklahoma


      • 6.2.33 Oregon


      • 6.2.34 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.35 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.36 South Carolina


      • 6.2.37 South Dakota


      • 6.2.38 Tennessee


      • 6.2.39 Texas


      • 6.2.40 Utah


      • 6.2.41 Vermont


      • 6.2.42 Virginia


      • 6.2.43 Washington


      • 6.2.44 West Virginia


      • 6.2.45 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.46 Wyoming


      • 6.2.47 Non-voting members






  • 7 Changes in membership


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives




  • 8 Committees


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees




  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees


    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House of Representatives




  • 11 See also


  • 12 References





Major events



  • March 4, 1909: William Howard Taft became President of the United States.


Major legislation




  • August 5, 1909 – Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act, ch. 6, 36 Stat. 11

  • June 18, 1910: Mann–Elkins Act, ch. 309, 36 Stat. 539

  • June 25, 1910: Mann Act, ch. 395, 36 Stat. 825

  • March 3, 1911: Judicial Code of 1911, ch. 231, 36 Stat. 1087



Constitutional amendments


  • July 12, 1909: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution allowing the Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification
    • Amendment was later ratified on February 3, 1913, becoming the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution



Party summary



Senate






























































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Republican
(R)
End of the previous congress

31

61
92
0

Begin

32

59

91
1
End
Final voting share 7001352000000000000♠35.2% 7001648000000000000♠64.8%
Beginning of the next congress

40

50
90
2


House of Representatives




  • Republican: 219 (majority)


  • Democratic: 171

  • Independent Democratic: 1


TOTAL members: 391



Leadership


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Senate leaders


Senate President James S. Sherman


Senate President
James S. Sherman (R)



Senate President pro tempore William P. Frye


Senate President pro tempore
William P. Frye (R)





Senate




  • President: James S. Sherman (R)


  • President pro tempore: William P. Frye (R)


  • Republican Conference Chairman: Eugene Hale


  • Democratic Caucus Chair: Hernando Money


  • Democratic Caucus Secretary: Robert Latham Owen



House of Representatives




House leader


Speaker of the House Joseph Gurney Cannon


House Speaker
Joseph Gurney Cannon (R)





  • Speaker: Joseph Gurney Cannon (R)


Majority (Republican) leadership




  • Majority Leader: Sereno E. Payne


  • Majority Whip: John W. Dwight


  • Republican Conference Chair: Frank Dunklee Currier



Minority (Democratic) leadership




  • Minority Leader: Champ Clark


  • Minority Whip: vacant


  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Henry De Lamar Clayton, Jr.


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: James Tilghman Lloyd



Members


Skip to House of Representatives, below


Senate


At this time, most Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. A few senators were elected directly by the residents of the state. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1910; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1912; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1914.











House of Representatives












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.



Senate



  • replacements: 13


    • Democratic: 1 seat net gain


    • Republican: 1 seat net loss



  • deaths: 8

  • resignations: 2

  • vacancy: 1


  • Total seats with changes: 14











































































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for vacancy
Subsequent
Date of successor's installation

Illinois
(3)
Vacant
Sen. was elected at beginning of term. Served in House until resigning June 18, 1909

William Lorimer (R)
June 18, 1909

Pennsylvania
(1)

Philander C. Knox (R)
Resigned March 4, 1909, after being appointed United States Secretary of State. Successor was elected.

George T. Oliver (R)
March 17, 1909

North Dakota
(3)

Martin N. Johnson (R)
Died October 21, 1909. Successor was appointed.

Fountain L. Thompson (D)
October 10, 1909

Mississippi
(2)

Anselm J. McLaurin (D)
Died December 22, 1909. Successor was appointed.

James Gordon (D)
December 27, 1909

North Dakota
(3)

Fountain L. Thompson (D)
Resigned January 31, 1910. Successor was appointed.

William E. Purcell (D)
February 1, 1910

Mississippi
(2)

James Gordon (D)
Successor was elected.

LeRoy Percy (D)
February 23, 1910

Louisiana
(3)

Samuel D. McEnery (D)
Died June 28, 1910. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected.

John Thornton (D)
December 10, 1910

Virginia
(1)

John W. Daniel (D)
Died June 29, 1910. Successor was appointed.

Claude A. Swanson (D)
August 1, 1910

Iowa
(2)

Jonathan P. Dolliver (R)
Died October 15, 1910

Lafayette Young (R)
November 12, 1910

Georgia
(3)

Alexander S. Clay (D)
Died November 13, 1910. Successor was appointed.

Joseph M. Terrell (D)
November 17, 1910

West Virginia
(2)

Stephen B. Elkins (R)
Died January 4, 1911. Successor was appointed.

Davis Elkins (R)
January 9, 1911

Colorado
(3)

Charles J. Hughes Jr. (D)
Died January 11, 1911.
Vacant until next Congress

West Virginia
(2)

Davis Elkins (R)
Successor was elected.

Clarence W. Watson (D)
February 1, 1911

North Dakota
(3)

William E. Purcell (D)
Successor was elected.

Asle Gronna (R)
February 2, 1911


House of Representatives



  • replacements: 12


    • Democratic: 3 seat gain


    • Republican: 3 seat loss



  • deaths: 12

  • resignations: 6

  • contested elections: 0


  • Total seats with changes: 21






















































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for Vacancy
Successor


Louisiana 2nd
Vacant
Rep. Robert C. Davey died during previous congress

Samuel L. Gilmore (D)
March 30, 1909

Ohio 21st
Vacant
Rep. Theodore E. Burton resigned during previous congress

James H. Cassidy (R)
April 20, 1909

Illinois 6th

William Lorimer (R)
Resigned June 17, 1909, after being elected to the U.S. Senate

William Moxley (R)
November 23, 1909

Washington 2nd

Francis W. Cushman (R)
Died July 6, 1909

William W. McCredie (R)
November 2, 1909

Virginia 4th

Francis R. Lassiter (D)
Died October 31, 1909

Robert Turnbull (D)
March 8, 1910

Philippines Resident Commissioner

Pablo Ocampo
Term ended November 22, 1909

Manuel L. Quezon (Unionist)
November 23, 1909

Missouri 6th

David A. De Armond (D)
Died November 23, 1909

Clement C. Dickinson (D)
February 1, 1910

Georgia 2nd

James M. Griggs (D)
Died January 5, 1910

Seaborn Roddenbery (D)
February 6, 1910

Massachusetts 14th

William C. Lovering (R)
Died March 11, 1910

Eugene Foss (D)
January 4, 1911

New York 32nd

James B. Perkins (R)
Died February 4, 1910

James S. Havens (D)
April 19, 1910

Texas 3rd

Gordon J. Russell (D)
Resigned June 14, 1910, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas

Robert M. Lively (D)
July 23, 1910

Tennessee 1st

Walter P. Brownlow (R)
Died July 8, 1910

Zachary D. Massey (R)
November 8, 1910

Louisiana 2nd

Samuel L. Gilmore (D)
Died July 18, 1910

H. Garland Dupré (D)
November 8, 1910

Massachusetts 4th

Charles Q. Tirrell (R)
Died July 31, 1910

John J. Mitchell (D)
November 8, 1910

Pennsylvania 5th

William W. Foulkrod (R)
Died November 13, 1910
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Pennsylvania 2nd

Joel Cook (R)
Died December 15, 1910
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Massachusetts 14th

Eugene Foss (D)
Resigned January 4, 1911, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Pennsylvania 24th

John K. Tener (R)
Resigned January 16, 1911, after being elected Governor of Pennsylvania
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Pennsylvania 19th

John M. Reynolds (R)
Resigned January 17, 1911, after being elected Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

North Dakota 2nd

Asle Gronna (R)
Resigned February 11, 1911, after being elected to the U.S. Senate
Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Maine 1st

Amos L. Allen (R)
Died February 20, 1911
Seat remained vacant until next Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.



Senate




  • Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select)

  • Agriculture and Forestry

  • Appropriations

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate

  • Canadian Relations

  • Census

  • Civil Service and Retrenchment

  • Claims

  • Coast and Insular Survey

  • Coast Defenses

  • Commerce

  • Conservation of National Resources

  • Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia

  • Cuban Relations

  • Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments


  • Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)

  • District of Columbia

  • Education and Labor

  • Engrossed Bills

  • Enrolled Bills


  • Establish a University in the United States (Select)


  • Examination of Disposition of Documents (Select)

  • Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service

  • Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department


  • Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Select)


  • Expenditures in the Navy Department (Select)

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department


  • Expenditures in the Department of State (Select)


  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Select)


  • Expenditures in the War Department (Select)

  • Finance

  • Fisheries


  • Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Select)

  • Foreign Relations

  • Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game

  • Geological Survey

  • Immigration

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs


  • Indian Contracts Investigation (Select)

  • Industrial Expositions

  • Interoceanic Canals

  • Interstate Commerce

  • Irrigation and Reclamation

  • Judiciary

  • Library

  • Manufactures

  • Military Affairs

  • Mines and Mining


  • Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select)

  • National Banks

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Philippines

  • Post Office and Post Roads


  • Potomac River Front (Select)

  • Printing

  • Private Land Claims

  • Privileges and Elections

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Expenditures

  • Public Health and National Quarantine

  • Public Lands

  • Railroads

  • Revision of the Laws

  • Revolutionary Claims

  • Rules


  • Standards, Weights and Measures (Select)


  • Tariff Regulation (Select)

  • Territories

  • Third Degree Ordeal


  • Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select)

  • Transportation Routes to the Seaboard


  • Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Select)


  • Wages and Prices of Commodities (Select)

  • Whole

  • Woman Suffrage



House of Representatives



  • Accounts

  • Agriculture

  • Alcoholic Liquor Traffic

  • Appropriations

  • Banking and Currency

  • Census

  • Claims

  • Coinage, Weights and Measures

  • Disposition of Executive Papers

  • District of Columbia

  • Education

  • Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress

  • Elections

  • Enrolled Bills

  • Expenditures in the Agriculture Department

  • Expenditures in the Commerce and Labor Departments

  • Expenditures in the Interior Department

  • Expenditures in the Justice Department

  • Expenditures in the Navy Department

  • Expenditures in the Post Office Department

  • Expenditures in the State Department

  • Expenditures in the Treasury Department

  • Expenditures in the War Department

  • Expenditures on Public Buildings

  • Foreign Affairs

  • Immigration and Naturalization

  • Indian Affairs

  • Industrial Arts and Expositions

  • Insular Affairs

  • Interstate and Foreign Commerce

  • Invalid Pensions

  • Irrigation of Arid Lands

  • Labor

  • Levees and Improvements of the Mississippi River

  • Manufactures

  • Merchant Marine and Fisheries

  • Mileage

  • Military Affairs

  • Militia

  • Mines and Mining

  • Naval Affairs

  • Pacific Railroads

  • Patents

  • Pensions

  • Post Office and Post Roads

  • Public Buildings and Grounds

  • Public Lands

  • Railways and Canals

  • Reform in the Civil Service

  • Revision of Laws

  • Rivers and Harbors

  • Rules

  • Standards of Official Conduct

  • Territories

  • Ventilation and Acoustics

  • War Claims

  • Ways and Means

  • Whole



Joint committees




  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • Investigate the Interior Department and Forestry Service



Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: Elliott Woods


  • Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam


  • Public Printer of the United States: Samuel B. Donnelly



Senate




  • Chaplain:


    • Edward E. Hale (Unitarian) until June 10, 1909


    • Ulysses G.B. Pierce (Unitarian) elected June 18, 1909




  • Secretary: Charles G. Bennett


  • Sergeant at Arms: Daniel M. Ransdell



House of Representatives




  • Chaplain: Henry N. Couden (Universalist)


  • Clerk: Alexander McDowell


  • Doorkeeper: Frank B. Lyon


  • Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Asher C. Hinds


  • Postmaster: Samuel Langum


  • Reading Clerks: N/A (D) and N/A (R)


  • Sergeant at Arms: Henry Casson



See also




  • United States elections, 1908 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1908

    • United States Senate elections, 1908

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1908




  • United States elections, 1910 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1910

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1910





References




  • Gould, Lewis L. (2005). The Most Exclusive Club. Cambridge, MA: Perseus Books Group. ISBN 0-465-02778-4..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Remini, Robert V. (2006). The House. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-06-088434-7.


  • U.S. Congress (2005). "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.


  • U.S. House of Representatives (2006). "Congressional History". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.


  • U.S. Senate (2006). "Statistics and Lists". Archived from the original on June 1, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2006.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 3rd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 61st Congress, 3rd Session (Revision).









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