Metale nieżelazne




Metale nieżelazne (metale kolorowe) – nazwa techniczna metali innych niż żelazo i stopów metali niezawierających żelaza[1][2]. Do metali kolorowych zalicza się m.in. miedź, cynk, cynę, ołów i aluminium, a do stopów mosiądz i brąz. Są to ciała o charakterystycznym połysku, są dobrymi przewodnikami cieplnymi.


Mają różnorodne właściwości fizyczne, chemiczne, mechaniczne i technologiczne i z tego powodu są powszechnie stosowane w wielu dziedzinach techniki[3].




Spis treści






  • 1 Rodzaje


    • 1.1 Metale lekkie


    • 1.2 Metale ciężkie




  • 2 Przypisy





Rodzaje |


Metale nieżelazne i ich stopy można podzielić na główne grupy[3]:



Metale lekkie |































Rodzaj Ilustracja Nazwa metalu Temperatura
topnienia		 Gęstość
(g/cm³)
łatwo
topliwe		 Magnesium crystals.jpg magnez 650 1,74
Aluminium-4.jpg aluminium 660 2,70
trudno
topliwe		 Titanium.jpg tytan 1820 4,54

źródło:[4]


Metale ciężkie |














































































































Rodzaj Ilustracja Nazwa metalu Temperatura
topnienia		 Gęstość
(g/cm³)
łatwo
topliwe		 Zinc-sample.jpg cynk 419,5 7,133
Cadmium2.jpg kadm 320,0 8,65
Tin drop, 1 gram, 7 mm long.jpg cyna 231,9 7,30
Lead.jpg ołów 327,4 11,34
Bismuth crystal.YT.jpg bizmut 271,3 9,80
trudno
topliwe		 Zirconium2.jpg cyrkon 1852 6,49
Cobalt-cathode.jpg kobalt 1445 8,9
Nickel electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg nikiel 1455 8,9
NatCopper.jpg miedź 1083 8,96
Palladium.jpg pallad 1554 12,0
Silver-nugget.jpg srebro 960 10,49
Platinum-nugget.jpg platyna 1773,5 21,45
Gold-49956.jpg złoto 1063,0 19,32
bardzo
trudno
topliwe		 Pure molybdenum crystal, about 20 grams.jpg molibden 2665 10,2
Tantal 1.jpg tantal 2996 16,6
Tungsten element.jpg wolfram 3410 19,3

źródło: [4]


Przypisy |




  1. ↑ metale. W: Mały słownik chemiczny. Jerzy Chodkowski (red.). Wyd. V. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1976, s. 321–322.


  2. ↑ metale kolorowe, nieżelazne. W: Słownik języka polskiego [on-line]. PWN. [dostęp 2015-12-07].


  3. ↑ ab Materiały nieżelazne (pol.). E-spawalnik.pl. [dostęp 2015-01-21].


  4. ↑ ab Maria Głowacka(red.): Metaloznawstwo. Gdańsk: Politechnika Gdańska, 1996, s. 12. ISBN 83-86537-39-6.







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