Robert Cecil (hrabia)





Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury by John De Critz the Elder (2).jpg


Robert Cecil, 1. hrabia Salisbury, KG, PC (ur. 1 czerwca 1563 w Westminster, Londyn , zm. 4 sierpnia 1612 w Marlborough, Wiltshire) – angielski polityk i doradca Elżbiety I oraz Jakuba I Stuarta, sekretarz stanu od 1596 do1612, Lord tajnej pieczęci od 1598 do 1608, Lord Wielki Skarbnik od 1608 do 1612[1].


Był młodszym synem Williama Cecila, 1. barona Burghley i jego drugiej żony Mildred Cooke, najstarszej córki sir Anthony’ego Cooke’a z Gidea Hall, Essex.


W latach 1580 studiował w St John’s College na Uniwersytecie Cambridge, lecz stopnia kończącego nie uzyskał. W 1589 poślubił Elizabeth Brooke, córkę Williama Brooke’a, 10. barona Cobham i jego drugiej żony Frances Newton, z którą miał dwoje dzieci: syna Williama (1591-1668), 2. hrabiego Salisbury i córkę Frances (1593-1644), wydaną później za mąż za Henry’ego Clifforda, 5. hrabiego Cumberland.


Jego starszym bratem przyrodnim był Thomas Cecil, 1. hrabia Exeter, a kuzynem pierwszego stopnia filozof Francis Bacon[2].


Robert Cecil był wzrostu poniżej średniego (163 cm), miał skoliozę i garb na plecach[3]. Żyjąc w czasach, kiedy przykładano wielką wagę do wyglądu i fizycznego piękna, był obiektem żartów i drwin; królowa Elżbieta I przezywała go „mój pigmej”, a król Jakub I Stuart – „mój mały beagle”[4].
Mimo to, jego ojciec właśnie w nim, a nie w starszym Thomasie dostrzegł dziedzica swego politycznego geniuszu.


Jest uważany za głównego odkrywcę Spisku prochowego w 1605.



Przypisy |




  1. ↑ Robert Cecil, 1st earl of Salisbury | English statesman (ang.). W: Encyclopedia Britannica [on-line]. [dostęp 2019-01-02].


  2. ↑ Francis Bacon | Biography, Philosophy, & Facts (ang.). W: Encyclopedia Britannica [on-line]. [dostęp 2019-01-02].


  3. ↑ Elizabeth I and Her Circle - Susan Doran - Google Books, books.google.ca [dostęp 2019-01-03] .


  4. ↑ https://books.google.ca/books?id=uqMMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA55&dq=robert+cecil++my+pygmy+my+little+beagle&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj43fvt5Y_bAhVi94MKHaEgA9AQ6AEIOjAD#v=onepage&q=robert%20cecil%20%20my%20pygmy%20my%20little%20beagle&f=false, p=55



Bibliografia |



  • Croft, Pauline. Patronage, Culture and Power: The Early Cecils (2002)

  • Croft, Pauline. „The Religion of Robert Cecil.” Historical Journal (1991) 34#4 pp: 773.

  • Croft, Pauline. „The Reputation of Robert Cecil: Libels, Political Opinion and Popular Awareness in the Early Seventeenth Century.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society (1991) 1: 43+

  • Haynes, Alan. Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury (1989)

  • Loades, David, ed. Reader's Guide to British History (2003) 1: 237–39, historiography








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