Apollo asteroid






Location of the Apollo asteroids compared to the orbits of the terrestrial planets of the Solar System

  Mars (M)
  Venus (V)
  Mercury (H) 		  Sun
  Apollo asteroids
  Earth (E)



The Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after 1862 Apollo, discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth in the 1930s. They are Earth-crossing asteroids that have an orbital semi-major axis greater than that of the Earth (> 1 AU) but perihelion distances less than the Earth's aphelion distance (q < 1.017 AU).[1][2]


As of December 2018[update] the number of known Apollo asteroids is 10,485, making the class the largest group of near-Earth objects (cf. the Aten, Amor and Atira asteroids),[3] of which 1,409 are numbered (asteroids are not numbered until they have been observed at two or more oppositions), and 1,648 are identified as potentially hazardous asteroids.[4][5]


The closer their semi-major axis is to Earth's, the less eccentricity is needed for the orbits to cross. The February 15, 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor that exploded over the city of Chelyabinsk in the southern Urals region of Russia, injuring an estimated 1000 people with flying glass from broken windows, was an Apollo class asteroid.[6][7]




Contents






  • 1 List


  • 2 See also


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





List


The largest known Apollo asteroid is 1866 Sisyphus, with a diameter of about 8.5 km. Examples of known Apollo asteroids include:





































































































































































































































































































































































































Designation
 Year
 Discoverer/First observed (A)
 Ref
2016 WF9 2016 NEOWISE
MPC
2014 JO25 2014 CSS
MPC
2013 FW13 2013 CSS
MPC
2013 RH74 2013 CSS
MPC
2011 MD 2011 LINEAR
MPC(B)
2011 EO40 2011 CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey
MPC
2010 AL30 2010 LINEAR
MPC
2009 WM1 2009 CSS
MPC
2009 DD45 2009 Siding Spring Observatory, Australia
MPC
(386454) 2008 XM 2008 LINEAR
List
2008 TC3 2008 CSS
MPC
2008 FF5 2008 CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey
MPC
2007 VK184 2007 CSS
MPC
2007 TU24 2007 CSS
MPC
2007 WD5 2007 CSS
MPC
2007 OX 2007 CSS–Mount Lemmon Survey
MPC
(277810) 2006 FV35 2006 Spacewatch
List
(394130) 2006 HY51 2006 LINEAR
List
(292220) 2006 SU49 2006 Spacewatch
List
(308635) 2005 YU55 2005 R. S. McMillan, Steward Observatory, Kitt Peak, USA
List
2005 WY55 2005 Mount Lemmon Survey
MPC
2005 HC4 2005 LONEOS
MPC
2004 XP14 2004 LINEAR
MPC
(374158) 2004 UL 2004 LINEAR
List
(357439) 2004 BL86 2004 LINEAR
List
(444004) 2004 AS1 2004 LINEAR
List
2003 RW11 2003 James Whitney Young
MPC
2003 BV35 2003 James Whitney Young
MPC
(89958) 2002 LY45 2002 LINEAR
List
(179806) 2002 TD66 2002 LINEAR
List
54509 YORP 2000 LINEAR
List

162173 Ryugu
 1999
LINEAR
(137108) 1999 AN10 1999 LINEAR
List
101955 Bennu 1999 LINEAR (Bennu is the target of the OSIRIS-REx mission)
List
1998 KY26 1998 Spacewatch
MPC
(433953) 1997 XR2 1997 LINEAR
List
65803 Didymos 1996 Spacewatch
List
69230 Hermes 1937 Karl Reinmuth
List
(53319) 1999 JM8 1999 LINEAR
List
(52760) 1998 ML14 1998 LINEAR
List
(35396) 1997 XF11 1997 Spacewatch
List
25143 Itokawa 1998 LINEAR
List
(136617) 1994 CC 1994 Spacewatch
List
(175706) 1996 FG3 1996 R. H. McNaught, Siding Spring Observatory, Australia
List
6489 Golevka 1991 Eleanor F. Helin
List
4769 Castalia 1989 Eleanor F. Helin
List
4660 Nereus 1982 Eleanor F. Helin
List
4581 Asclepius 1989
Henry E. Holt, Norman G. Thomas
List
4486 Mithra 1987
Eric Elst, Vladimir Shkodrov
List
14827 Hypnos 1986
Carolyn S. Shoemaker, Eugene Merle Shoemaker
List
4197 Morpheus 1982
Eleanor F. Helin, Eugene Merle Shoemaker
List
4183 Cuno 1959 Cuno Hoffmeister
List
4179 Toutatis 1989 Christian Pollas
List

4015 Wilson–Harrington  		 1979 Eleanor F. Helin
List
3200 Phaethon 1983
Simon F. Green, John K.Davies / IRAS
List
2063 Bacchus 1977 Charles T. Kowal
List
1866 Sisyphus 1972 Paul Wild
List
1620 Geographos 1951
Albert George Wilson, Rudolph Minkowski
List
(29075) 1950 DA 1950 Carl A. Wirtanen
List
1566 Icarus 1949 Walter Baade
List
1685 Toro 1948 Carl A. Wirtanen
List
2101 Adonis 1936 Eugène Joseph Delporte
List
1862 Apollo 1932 Karl Reinmuth
List

(A) Discoverer:

A discoverer is determined by the MPC when the object is numbered. For unnumbered bodies, the table gives the "first observer".

LINEAR: Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research

CSS : Catalina Sky Survey


Spacewatch, on Kitt Peak, near Tucson, Arizona[8]


(B) Classification:



2011 MD is classified as Amor, not Apollo asteroid by the MPC



See also



  • Alinda group

  • Amor asteroid

  • Apollo asteroids (category)

  • Apollo asteroid records

  • Aten asteroid

  • List of minor planets



References





  1. ^ "Near-Earth Object Groups". JPL – NASA. Retrieved 11 November 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Weisstein, Eric. "Apollo Asteroid". Wolfram Research. Retrieved 27 February 2013.


  3. ^ "NEO Discovery Statistics". Retrieved 11 November 2016.


  4. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine". JPL/NASA. 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2018-12-04.


  5. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: PHAs and orbital class (APO)". JPL Solar System Dynamics. Retrieved 11 November 2016.


  6. ^ Cantor, Matt (26 February 2013). "Scientists figure out Russia meteor's origin". USA Today. Retrieved 11 November 2016.


  7. ^ Jacob Aron (26 February 2013). "Russian meteor traced to Apollo asteroid family". New Scientist. Retrieved 11 November 2016.


  8. ^ The Spacewatch Project, Arizona Board of Regents, 2010




External links


  • List of Apollo minor planets









-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

圖片
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No.  built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA...
閱讀完整內容

Rikitea

圖片
Town in French Polynesia, France Rikitea Town Rikitea Location in French Polynesia Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Coordinates: 23°7′13″S 134°58′9″W  /  23.12028°S 134.96917°W  / -23.12028; -134.96917 Country   France Overseas collectivity   French Polynesia Territory Gambier Islands Island Mangareva Rikitea is a small town on Mangareva, which is part of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia. A majority of the islanders live in Rikitea. [1] [2] The island was a protectorate of France in 1871 and was annexed in 1881. [3] Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Landmarks 5 Transportation 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 External links History The town's history dates to the era when the island was first settled with people from the Marquesas Islands in 1100 AD. Captain James Wilson of the London Missionary Society arrived in 1797 on Du...
閱讀完整內容

University of Vienna

圖片
"Vienna University" redirects here. For Vienna University of Economics and Business, see Vienna University of Economics and Business. University of Vienna Universität Wien Type Public Established 1365 Budget € 544 million [1] Rector Heinz Engl Academic staff 6,765 Administrative staff 3,106 Students 94,000 [2] Postgraduates 16,490 Doctoral students 8,945 Location Main building, Vienna , Austria 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Coordinates: 48°12′47″N 16°21′35″E  /  48.21306°N 16.35972°E  / 48.21306; 16.35972 Campus Urban Colors Blue and White           Affiliations Campus Europae, EUA, UNICA Website www.univie.ac.at/en Data as of 2016 [update] The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien ) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the Ge...
閱讀完整內容