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Teleportation is the theoretical transfer of matter or energy from one point to another without traversing the physical space between them. Teleportation, or the ability to transport a person or object instantly from one place to another, is a technology that could change the course of civilization and alter the destiny of nations.^[1] It is a common subject in science fiction literature, film, video games, and television. In some situations teleporting is time traveling across space.^{[citation needed]}

Since 1993, energy and particle teleportation has become a topic of intense research and debate in quantum mechanics.^{[citation needed]}

Etymology

The use of the term teleport to describe the hypothetical movement of material objects between one place and another without physically traversing the distance between them has been documented as early as 1878.^[2][3]

American writer Charles Fort is credited with having coined the word teleportation in 1931^[4][5] to describe the strange disappearances and appearances of anomalies, which he suggested may be connected. As in the earlier usage, he joined the Greek prefix tele- (meaning "distant") to the root of the Latin verb portare (meaning "to carry").^[6] Fort's first formal use of the word occurred in the second chapter of his 1931 book Lo!:^[7]

Mostly in this book I shall specialize upon indications that there exists a transportory force that I shall call Teleportation. I shall be accused of having assembled lies, yarns, hoaxes, and superstitions. To some degree I think so, myself. To some degree, I do not. I offer the data.

Fiction

The earliest recorded story of a "matter transmitter" was Edward Page Mitchell's "The Man Without a Body" in 1877.^[8]

Science

Some scientists believe it is not possible to teleport macroscopic objects such as humans, but there may be teleportation in the microscopic world. Three possible kinds of teleportation in quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics have been proposed: state teleportation, energy teleportation, and particle teleportation.^{[citation needed]}

In 1993, Bennett et al^[9] proposed that a quantum state of a particle could be teleported to another distant particle, but the two particles do not move at all. This is called state teleportation. There are a lot of following theoretical and experimental papers published.^{[citation needed]} Researchers believe that quantum teleportation is the foundation of quantum calculation and quantum communication.^{[citation needed]}

In 2008, M. Hotta^[10] proposed that it may be possible to teleport energy by exploiting quantum energy fluctuations of an entangled vacuum state of a quantum field. There are some papers published but no experimental verification.^{[citation needed]}

In 2014, researchers Ronald Hanson and colleagues from the Technical University Delft in the Netherlands, demonstrated the teleportation of information between two entangled quantumbits three metres apart.^[11]

In 2016, Y. Wei proposed that particles themselves could teleport from one place to another.^[12] This is called particle teleportation. With this concept, superconductivity can be viewed as the teleportation of some electrons in the superconductor and superfluidity as the teleportation of some of the atoms in the cellular tube. Chinese physicists are trying to verify this concept experimentally.^{[citation needed]}

Philosophy

Philosopher Derek Parfit used teleportation in his Teletransportation paradox. ^[13]

See also

• 1593 transported soldier legend


• Philadelphia Experiment


• Quantum teleportation


• Teletransportation paradox


• Wormhole

References

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Teleportation.

• 
  David Darling (2005). Teleportation: The Impossible Leap. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-71545-0.
  


• Lawrence M. Krauss (1995), The Physics of Star Trek, Basic Books,
  ISBN 978-0465002047
  


• Eric W. Davis (2004), Teleportation Physics Study, Air Force Research Laboratory AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2003-0034


• 
  Bernd Thaller (2005). Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics. Springer. 4.3.3 Classical teleportation is impossible pp. 170–171. ISBN 978-0-387-27127-9.
  


• Will Human Teleportation Ever Be Possible?


• Human teleportation is far more impractical than we thought


• Y. Wei (2016), How to teleport a particle rather than a state Phys Rev E 93. 066103