Harris County, Texas








































































Harris County, Texas
County
Harris County

HarrisCountyCivilCourthouseTexas.JPG
The Harris County Civil Courthouse in Houston


Seal of Harris County, Texas
Seal

Map of Texas highlighting Harris County
Location within the U.S. state of Texas

Map of the United States highlighting Texas
Texas's location within the U.S.
Founded 1837
Named for John Richardson Harris
Seat Houston
Largest city Houston
Area
 • Total 1,777 sq mi (4,602 km2)
 • Land 1,703 sq mi (4,411 km2)
 • Water 74 sq mi (192 km2), 4.2%
Population (est.)
 • (2017) 4,652,980[1]
 • Density 2,732/sq mi (1,055/km2)
Congressional districts
2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 18th, 22nd, 29th, 36th
Time zone
Central: UTC−6/−5
Website www.co.harris.tx.us



Map of Harris County – Northeast one-fourth (circa 1912)


Harris County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas, located in the southeastern part of the state near Galveston Bay. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 4,092,459,[2] making it the most populous county in Texas and the third most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Houston, the largest city in Texas and fourth largest city in the United States. The county was founded in 1836 and organized in 1837.[3][4] It is named for John Richardson Harris, who founded the town of Harrisburg on Buffalo Bayou in 1826.[3] According to a July 2017 Census estimate, Harris County's population had grown to 4,652,980, comprising over 16 percent of Texas's population.[1][5]


Harris County is included in the nine-county Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land metropolitan statistical area, which is the fifth most populous metropolitan area in the United States.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Native Americans and early Europeans


    • 1.2 Mexican Texas


    • 1.3 Republic of Texas


    • 1.4 Weather




  • 2 Geography


    • 2.1 Adjacent counties




  • 3 Demographics


    • 3.1 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program


    • 3.2 2010 Census


    • 3.3 2000 Census


    • 3.4 Poverty


    • 3.5 Taxation


    • 3.6 Racial and ethnic demographics


    • 3.7 Language


    • 3.8 Political views


    • 3.9 Automobile ownership


    • 3.10 Educational attainment




  • 4 Government and politics


    • 4.1 County facilities


    • 4.2 United States Congress


    • 4.3 Texas Legislature


      • 4.3.1 Texas Senate


      • 4.3.2 Texas House of Representatives




    • 4.4 County government


      • 4.4.1 Harris County elected officials


      • 4.4.2 County services




    • 4.5 State government


    • 4.6 Law enforcement




  • 5 Economy


  • 6 Diplomatic missions


  • 7 Education


    • 7.1 Primary and secondary schools


    • 7.2 Colleges and universities


    • 7.3 Public libraries




  • 8 Transportation


    • 8.1 Major highways


    • 8.2 Mass transit


    • 8.3 Intercity buses


    • 8.4 Airports




  • 9 Emergency Services


    • 9.1 Police services


    • 9.2 Municipal Fire/EMS Services


    • 9.3 Emergency Services Districts




  • 10 Administration by judiciary


  • 11 Hospital services


  • 12 Communities


    • 12.1 Cities (multiple counties)


    • 12.2 Cities


    • 12.3 Census-designated places


    • 12.4 Unincorporated communities




  • 13 Gallery


  • 14 See also


  • 15 References


  • 16 External links





History




Firefighters on San Jacinto Street, circa 1914




The Harris County Courthouse in Houston, in 1913.



Native Americans and early Europeans


Human remains date habitation to about 4,000 BCE. Other evidence of humans in the area dates from about 1400 BCE, 1 CE, and later in the first millenium. The region became uninhabited from 1 AD until European contact. On the other hand, little European activity predates 1821. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca may have visited the area in 1529. French traders recorded passing through in the 18th century. Spaniards attempted to establish a fort in the area around the same time, but did not persist for long.[3]



Mexican Texas


The first recorded European settlers in Harris County arrived in 1822. Their schooner sailed into Galveston Bay and ran aground on the Red Fish Bar. Some of those passengers traveled further up the bay system, but it is not known whether they settled up Buffalo Bayou or the San Jacinto River. One of these passengers, a Mr. Ryder, settled at what is now known as Morgan's Point, Texas. Also in 1822, John Iiams settled his family at Cedar Point after sailing from Berwick’s Bay, Louisiana. Dr. Johnson Hunter arrived just after Iiams. He also wrecked his boat near Galveston. He settled at Morgan’s Point and was a grantee of land there. Nathaniel Lynch settled in the area and operated a ferry.[6]


In 1824, the land empresario, Stephen F. Austin convened at the house of William Scott for the purpose of conveying titles for Mexican headrights. He was joined by the land commissioner, Baron von Bastrop, and Austin’s secretary, Samuel May Williams. About thirty families gained legal titles to land in what would later be known as Harris County. A few immigrants settled on Buffalo Bayou in these early years, including Moses Callahan, Ezekial Thomas, and the Vince brothers.[6]


Nicolas Clopper arrived in the Galveston Bay area from Ohio in the 1820s. He attempted to develop Buffalo Bayou as a trading conduit for the Brazos River valley. He acquired land at Morgan’s Point in 1826.[7]
John Richardson Harris (1790–1829), for whom the county was later named, arrived in 1824. Harris had moved his family to Sainte Genevieve, Missouri Territory, where they had been residing until the early 1820s.[8]


Harris was granted a league of land (about 4,428 acres) at Buffalo Bayou. He platted the town of Harrisburg in 1826, while he established a trading post and a grist mill there. He ran boats transporting goods between New Orleans and Harrisburg until his death in the fall of 1829.[9]



Republic of Texas


The First Congress of the Republic of Texas established Harrisburg County on December 22, 1836. The original county boundaries included Galveston Island, but were redrawn to its current configuration in May 1838.[3]



Weather



The area has had a number of severe weather events, such as:





  • 1900 Galveston Hurricane (1900)


  • Hurricane Carla (1961)


  • Hurricane Alicia (1983)


  • Tropical Storm Allison (2001)


  • Hurricane Rita (2005)

  • Tropical Storm Erin (2007)


  • Hurricane Ike (2008)


  • Hurricane Harvey (2017)



Geography


According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,777 square miles (4,600 km2), of which 1,703 square miles (4,410 km2) is land and 74 square miles (190 km2) (4.2%) is covered by water.[10] Both its total area and land area are larger than the state of Rhode Island.



Adjacent counties




  • Montgomery County (north)


  • Liberty County (northeast)


  • Chambers County (east)


  • Galveston County (southeast)


  • Brazoria County (south)


  • Fort Bend County (southwest)


  • Waller County (northwest)



Demographics























































































































Historical population
Census Pop.

1850 4,668
1860 9,070 94.3%
1870 17,375 91.6%
1880 27,985 61.1%
1890 37,249 33.1%
1900 63,786 71.2%
1910 115,693 81.4%
1920 186,667 61.3%
1930 359,328 92.5%
1940 528,961 47.2%
1950 806,701 52.5%
1960 1,243,158 54.1%
1970 1,741,912 40.1%
1980 2,409,547 38.3%
1990 2,818,199 17.0%
2000 3,400,578 20.7%
2010 4,092,459 20.3%
Est. 2017 4,652,980 [11] 13.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1850–2010[13] 2010–2014[2]


2015 Texas Population Estimate Program


As of the 2015 Texas Population Estimate Program, the population of the county was 4,530,268, non-Hispanic whites 1,323,437 (29.2%). Black Americans 817,096 (18.0%). Other non-Hispanic 395,206 (8.7%). Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) 1,994,529 (44.0%).[14]



2010 Census


As of the 2010 Census, the population of the county was 4,092,459, White Americans made up 56.6% of Harris County's population; non-Hispanic whites represented 33.0% of the population. Black Americans made up 25.9% of the population. Native Americans made up 0.7% of Harris County's population. Asian Americans made up 6.2% of the population (2.0% Vietnamese, 1.2% Indian, 1.1% Chinese, 0.6% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese, 1.0% Other). Pacific Islander Americans made up just 0.1% of the population. Individuals from other races made up 14.3% of the population; people from two or more races made up 3.2% of the county's population. Hispanics and Latinos (of any race) made up 40.8% of Harris County's population. As of the 2010 census, there were about 6.2 same-sex couples per 1,000 households in the county.[15]



2000 Census


As of the census[16] of 2000, 3,400,578 people, 1,205,516 households, and 834,217 families resided in the county, making it the largest county by population in Texas. The population density was 1,967 people per square mile (759/km²). The 1,298,130 housing units averaged 751 per square mile (290/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 58.7% White, 18.5% Black or African American, 0.5% Native American, 5.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 14.2% from other races, and 3.0% from two or more races. About 32.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race; 7.2% were of German, 6.2% American, and 5.3% English ancestry according to Census 2000. About 63.8% spoke only English at home, while 28.8% spoke Spanish and 1.6% Vietnamese.


In 2000, of the 1,205,516 households, 37.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 13.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.8% were not families. About 25.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.38.


In the county, the population was distributed as 29.00% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 33.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males.


The median income for a household in the county was $42,598, and for a family was $49,004. Males had a median income of $37,361 versus $28,941 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,435. About 12.1% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.6% of those under age 18 and 12.2% of those age 65 or over.



Poverty




Harris County 1910 Courthouse Restored


According to Children At Risk, a local nonprofit research organization, 21% of the Harris County children live in poverty, 6.5 per 1,000 die before age one, and 38% drop out of high school.[17]



Taxation


Harris County along with other Texas counties has one of the nation's highest property tax rates. In 2007, the county was ranked in the top 25 at 22nd in the nation for property taxes as percentage of the homes value on owner-occupied housing. The list only includes counties with a population over 65,000 for comparability.[18]



Racial and ethnic demographics


As of 2014 Census estimates, Harris County had a population of 4,441,370 people.


The racial and ethnic makeup of the county was 41.8% Hispanic or Latino. The population was 31.4% non-Hispanic white, 19.5% non-Hispanic black, 1.1% Native American, 7.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander. [Harris County Demographics]


As of 2013, 37% of non-Hispanic Whites in Harris County had college or postgraduate degrees and 36% of them had annual incomes over $75,000. As of 2013, 19% of Blacks in Harris County had college or postgraduate degrees.[19] as did 13% of U.S.-born Latinos and 7% of Latino immigrants.[19]


Altogether, the non-Hispanic white population in Harris County is declining.[19]Steve H. Murdock, a demographer with the Rice University Hobby Center for the Study of Texas and a former director of the U.S. Census Bureau, predicted that by 2040, Hispanic residents of the county will increase by 2.5 million, while the number of non-Hispanic Whites will decrease by 516,000. This assumes that the net migration rate is equal to one half of that of 1990–2000.[20]


The Houston Area Asian Survey of the Kinder Institute of Urban Research Houston Area Survey stated that between 1990 and 2000, the Asian population in Harris County increased by 76%. Between 2000 and 2010, it increased by 45%. The Asian ethnic groups in Harris County have differing levels of educational attainment, religion, political views, and income. During that year, in Harris County, 50% of the county's Asian immigrants have postgraduate degrees. As of 2013 28% of Harris County Asians have household incomes of over $75,000. The report stated that many Asians were in earlier stages of careers and were younger, leading to lower incomes.[19] Of Indian and Pakistani residents, the second most educated Asian group in the county, behind Taiwanese, 71% have university or post-graduate degrees and 2% did not finish high school. Of Vietnamese, the least educated Asian group in the county, 30% have university or post-graduate degrees and 20% did not finish high school.[19]


As of 2012, Vietnamese were the largest group of Asians in Harris County. As of 1995, most Vietnamese, Filipinos, and Chinese stated that they were Republicans, while most Indians and Pakistanis stated that they were Democrats. In 2012, Indians and Pakistanis continue to identify as Democrats, while Chinese, Filipinos, and Vietnamese were increasingly identifying as independents or Democrats.



Language




Harris County Criminal Courts Building


In 2000, 1,961,993 residents of Harris County spoke English only. The five largest foreign languages in the county were Spanish or Spanish Creole (1,106,883 speakers), Vietnamese (53,311 speakers), Chinese (33,003 speakers), French including Cajun and Patois (33,003 speakers), and Urdu (14,595 speakers). Among those who spoke other languages, 46% of Spanish speakers, 37% of Vietnamese speakers, 50% of Chinese speakers, 85% of French speakers, and 72% of Urdu speakers said that they spoke English at least "very well".[21]



Political views


In 2013, Allen Turner of the Houston Chronicle said that residents of Harris County were "consistently conservative in elections" and that they were, according to a Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research opinion poll, "surprisingly liberal on topics such as immigration, gun control and equal matrimonial rights for same-sex couples".[22] Harris is regarded as a moderate or swing county in Texas, and has been a bellwether in Presidential elections, voting for winners of every Presidential election from 2000 through 2012 (both Barack Obama and Texas resident George W. Bush have won the county).[22]


As a result of the Obama sweep in 2008, many Democratic candidates in contests for lower-level offices also benefited, and many Republican incumbents were replaced by Democrats in the Harris County courthouse. Some of the defeated Republican district court judges were later re-appointed to vacant District Court benches by Governor Rick Perry. In 2018, Democrats swept the court capturing all 59 seats on the civil, criminal, family, juvenile and probate courts.[23]


A 2013 opinion poll found that 46% of Harris County residents supported same-sex marriage, up from 37% in 2001, 83% favored offering illegal immigrants a path to citizenship, providing they speak English and have no criminal record, up from 19% in 2009, and 89% support background checks for all firearms.[22]



Automobile ownership


As of U.S. Census figures current as of 1997, 9% of residents in Harris County did not own automobiles. This figure does not include people who own cars, but do not have enough money to repair the automobiles. As of that year, while the average income of all residents of the county was $41,000 (equivalent to $64,000 in 2018), the average income of households without cars was $13,000 (equivalent to $20,300 in 2018).[24]



Educational attainment


In 2011, according to the nonprofit Children at Risk, one-third of students at public high schools in Harris County do not graduate.[25]



Government and politics


County governments serve as agents of the state, with responsibilities defined in the Texas Constitution. Counties are governed by the commissioners' court. Each Texas county has four precinct commissioners and a county judge. Although this body is called a court, it conducts the general business of the county and oversees financial matters.[26] The commissioners court may hire personnel to run major departments, such as health and human services.


Besides the county judge and commissioners, the other elective offices found in most counties include the county attorney, county and district clerks, county treasurer, sheriff, tax assessor-collector, justices of the peace, and constables. As a part of the checks and balances system, counties have an auditor appointed by the district courts.[26]


Historically, Harris County voted Republican at the presidential level from the mid-20th century until 2008; Barack Obama was the first Democrat to win the county since Texas native Lyndon Johnson in 1964. Democratic strength is found in the city of Houston. Suburban areas such as Cypress, Spring, and Katy in the county's western and northern areas, tend to be strongly Republican. In 2016, Hillary Clinton won the county by the largest margin for a Democrat since 1964.[27] The Democratic Party performed very well in the county in the 2018 elections.[28]



Presidential elections results















































































































































































Presidential elections results[29]
Year

Republican

Democratic

Third parties

2016
41.6% 545,955

54.0% 707,914
4.4% 58,243

2012
49.3% 586,073

49.4% 587,044
1.3% 15,468

2008
48.8% 571,883

50.5% 590,982
0.7% 8,607

2004

54.8% 584,723
44.6% 475,865
0.7% 7,380

2000

54.3% 529,159
42.9% 418,267
2.8% 27,396

1996

49.2% 421,462
45.2% 386,726
5.6% 47,705

1992

43.1% 406,778
38.2% 360,171
18.7% 175,998

1988

57.0% 464,217
42.1% 342,919
0.9% 7,024

1984

61.5% 536,029
38.3% 334,135
0.2% 2,003

1980

57.9% 416,655
38.1% 274,061
4.1% 29,298

1976

52.2% 357,536
47.0% 321,897
0.9% 5,831

1972

62.6% 365,672
36.9% 215,916
0.5% 2,943

1968

42.9% 202,079
38.8% 182,546
18.4% 86,412

1964
40.3% 154,401

59.5% 227,819
0.2% 765

1960

51.7% 168,170
45.6% 148,275
2.8% 8,954

1956

61.1% 155,555
36.9% 93,961
2.0% 5,033

1952

57.6% 146,665
42.3% 107,604
0.1% 228

1948
35.2% 43,117

47.7% 58,488
17.1% 21,012

1944
11.4% 11,843

68.3% 71,077
20.4% 21,199

1940
22.0% 20,797

77.8% 73,520
0.1% 136

1936
12.0% 8,083

87.7% 59,205
0.4% 245

1932
15.4% 8,604

83.8% 46,886
0.9% 480

1928

55.7% 27,188
44.1% 21,536
0.2% 86

1924
27.6% 8,953

63.6% 20,648
8.9% 2,878

1920
26.8% 7,735

51.4% 14,808
21.8% 6,294

1916
22.1% 3,009

74.2% 10,131
3.7% 507

1912
8.0% 726

70.7% 6,409
21.3% 1,931




County facilities


The 1910 county courthouse was renovated in the 1950s to update its systems. Some residents, such as Martin Dreyer, a Houston Chronicle reporter, were disturbed by modernization of the building, saying its character had been ruined. In the 21st century, the facility received another major renovation. Completed in 2011, the $50 million, eight-year project was designed to restore notable historic aspects of the courthouse while providing for contemporary communication and building needs.[30]


The Texas First Court of Appeals and the Texas Fourteenth Court of Appeals, since September 3, 2010, are located in the 1910 Harris County courthouse.[31][32] Previously they were located on the campus of the South Texas College of Law.[33]


The Harris County Jail Complex of the Harris County Sheriff's Office (HCSO) is the largest in Texas, and one of the largest in the nation. In July, 2012, the facility held 9,113 prisoners. To handle overcrowding in the facility, the county had to ship inmates to other counties and some are housed out of the state.[34]



United States Congress


































































































Senators

Name

Party

First Elected

Level
 
Senate Class 1

Ted Cruz

Republican
2012
Junior Senator
 
Senate Class 2

John Cornyn

Republican
2002
Senior Senator

Representatives

Name

Party

First Elected

Area(s) of Harris County Represented
 
District 2

Dan Crenshaw

Republican
2018
Atascosita, Huffman, Humble, Kingwood, Spring
 
District 7

Lizzie Pannill Fletcher

Democratic
2018
West Houston, Memorial Villages, Bellaire, West University Place, west and northwest areas of county
 
District 9

Al Green

Democratic
2004
Alief, Southwest Houston, Houston's Southside
 
District 10

Michael McCaul

Republican
2004
Northwest
 
District 18

Sheila Jackson Lee

Democratic
1994
Downtown Houston, Bush IAH, northwest and northeast Houston, inner portions of Houston's Southside
 
District 22

Pete Olson

Republican
2008
Ellington Field,
 
District 29

Sylvia Garcia

Democratic
2018
Aldine, Channelview, East Houston, Fall Creek portion of Humble, Galena Park, Jacinto City, northern Pasadena, North Shore, western Sheldon, South Houston
 
District 36

Brian Babin

Republican
2014
Clear Lake City, NASA Johnson Space Center, southern and central Pasadena, Deer Park, Baytown, Crosby, La Porte, eastern Sheldon, Dayton, Seabrook, Morgan's Point, Shore Acres, El Lago, Nassau Bay, Taylor Lake Village


Texas Legislature



Texas Senate



































































District

Name

Party

First Elected

Area(s) of Harris County Represented
 
4

Brandon Creighton

Republican
2014
Kingwood, far eastern portions of Baytown
 
6

Carol Alvarado

Democratic
2013
Houston Ship Channel, eastern portions of Houston, Jacinto City, Galena Park, northern Pasadena, western portion of Baytown
 
7

Paul Bettencourt

Republican
2014
Memorial Villages, Memorial/Spring Branch area, Addicks Reservoir, northwest portions of county
 
11

Larry Taylor

Republican
2013
Southeast
 
13

Borris Miles

Democratic
2016
Downtown Houston, Texas Medical Center, southwest and northeast Houston, Houston's Southside
 
15

John Whitmire

Democratic
1983
Northwest Houston, Bush IAH, southern portion of Humble, eastern Harris County
 
17

Joan Huffman

Republican
2008
Meyerland, Bellaire, West University Place, much of Greater Katy area, far west Houston, Barker Reservoir


Texas House of Representatives











































































































































































































District

Name

Party

First Elected

Area(s) of Harris County Represented
 
126

Kevin Roberts

Republican
2016
Champions/FM 1960 area
 
127

Dan Huberty

Republican
2010
Humble, Kingwood, Lake Houston, Atascocita, Crosby, Wallisville
 
128

Briscoe Cain

Republican
2016
Baytown, Deer Park, La Porte
 
129

Dennis Paul

Republican
2014
Clear Lake City, NASA Johnson Space Center, Southeast Harris County (including Seabrook and Webster)
 
130

Tom Oliverson

Republican
2016
Northwest Harris County (including Cypress, Tomball, Waller)
 
131

Alma Allen

Democratic
2004
far Southwest Houston and far South Side
 
132

Mike Schofield

Republican
2000
West Harris County (including Greater Katy area)
 
133

Jim Murphy

Republican
2010 (Also served 2006–2008)
West Houston along West Sam Houston Tollway, including western portion of Memorial/Spring Branch and part of the Energy Corridor
 
134

Sarah Davis

Republican
2010
Inner western portions of Houston (including Meyerland, River Oaks and Memorial Park), Texas Medical Center, West University Place, Bellaire, Southside Place, Western Montrose
 
135

Gary Elkins

Republican
1994
Jersey Village and southeastern segments of the Champions/FM 1960 area
 
137

Gene Wu

Democratic
2013
Southwest Houston (including Sharpstown and Gulfton)
 
138

Dwayne Bohac

Republican
2002
Northwest Houston and parts of the Memorial/Spring Branch area north of I-10, Addicks Reservoir
 
139

Jarvis Johnson

Democratic
2016
North Houston and Aldine west of I-45
 
140

Armando Walle

Democratic
2008
North Houston and Aldine east of I-45
 
141

Senfronia Thompson

Democratic
1972
Northeast Houston, Bush IAH, Greenspoint, southern portion of Humble
 
142

Harold Dutton, Jr.

Democratic
1984
East Houston and Northshore area
 
143

Ana Hernandez Luna

Democratic
2006
East Houston within Loop 610, Houston Ship Channel, Galena Park, Jacinto City, northern Pasadena
 
144

Mary Ann Perez

Democratic
2016
Southern Pasadena, far southeast Houston
 
145

Carol Alvarado

Democratic
2008
Inner southeastern portions of Houston (mainly east of I-45), South Houston (not part of the city of Houston)
 
146

Shawn Thierry

Democratic
2016
Inner portions of Houston's South Side
 
147

Garnet Coleman

Democratic
1990
Downtown Houston, inner southeastern portions of Houston (mainly west of I-45), Eastern Montrose, Midtown, Third Ward
 
148

Jessica Farrar

Democratic
1994
North and Northwest Houston mainly within Loop 610 (including Houston Heights)
 
149

Hubert Vo

Democratic
2004
Far west Houston, Alief, unincorporated portions of Katy area east of Fry Rd, Barker Reservoir
 
150

Valoree Swanson

Republican
2016
North Harris County (including Spring and Klein)


County government



Harris County elected officials





































































































































































Position

Name

Party
 
County Judge

Lina Hidalgo

Democratic
 
Commissioner, Precinct 1

Rodney Ellis

Democratic
 
Commissioner, Precinct 2

Adrian Garcia

Democratic
 
Commissioner, Precinct 3

Steve Radack

Republican
 
Commissioner, Precinct 4

R. Jack Cagle[35]

Republican
 
County Attorney

Vince Ryan

Democratic
 
District Attorney

Kim Ogg

Democratic
 
District Clerk

Marilyn Burgess

Democratic
 
County Clerk

Diane Trautman

Democratic
 
Sheriff

Ed Gonzalez

Democratic
 
Tax Assessor-Collector

Ann Harris Bennett

Democratic
 
Treasurer

Dylan Osborne

Democratic
 
School Trustee, At-Large, Pos. 5
Michael Wolfe

Republican
 
School Trustee, At-Large, Pos. 7

Don Sumner

Republican
 
School Trustee, Pct. 1, Pos. 6
Erica Lee

Democratic
 
School Trustee, Pct. 2, Pos. 1

Marvin Morris

Republican
 
School Trustee, Pct. 3, Pos. 4

Louis D. Evans III

Republican
 
School Trustee, Pct. 4, Pos. 2

Angie Chesnut

Republican
 
Constable, Precinct 1

Alan Rosen

Democratic
 
Constable, Precinct 2

Christopher E. Diaz

Democratic
 
Constable, Precinct 3

Sherman Eagleton

Democratic
 
Constable, Precinct 4

Mark Herman

Republican
 
Constable, Precinct 5

Ted Heap

Republican
 
Constable, Precinct 6

Silvia Trevino

Democratic
 
Constable, Precinct 7

May Walker

Democratic
 
Constable, Precinct 8

Phil Sandlin

Republican


County services


The Harris County Flood Control District manages the effects of flooding in the county.


The Harris County Sheriff's Office operates jail facilities and is the primary provider of law enforcement services to the unincorporated areas of the county. The sheriff is the conservator of the peace in the county. The Harris County jail facilities are in northern downtown on the north side of the Buffalo Bayou. The 1200 Jail,[36] the 1307 Jail, (originally a TDCJ facility, leased by the county),[37] and the 701 Jail (formed from existing warehouse storage space) are on the same site.[38]


The Community Services Department provides community services. The department maintains the 20 acres (8.1 ha) Oates Road Cemetery (also known as the Harris County Cemetery) for indigents in eastern Houston, near the former Southern Bible College. In March 2010, the county adopted a cremation first policy, meaning that the default preference for most indigents is to have them cremated instead of buried. As of 2010, the county authorized the Community Services Department to purchase about 50 acres (20 ha) of land in the Huffman area so the county will have additional spaces for indigent burials.[39]


The Harris County Housing Authority (HCHA) is a governmental nonprofit corporation which addresses the need for quality affordable housing.[40] The HCHA has been recognized by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development as the highest performing housing authority in the region and was recently named one of America's 10 best Public Housing Authorities.[41]Guy R. Rankin, IV is Chief Executive Officer of Harris County Housing Authority (HCHA).



State government


The Texas Department of Criminal Justice operates some correctional facilities in Harris County, including:




  • Kegans Unit, located in Downtown Houston, is a state jail for men. It is in the north of downtown along the north side of the Buffalo Bayou, next to the county facilities.[42]


  • Pam Lychner Unit, named after Pam Lychner and located in unincorporated northeast Harris County, east of the city of Humble, is a state jail for men.[43][44]


As of 2001, Kegans and Lychner serves male state jail offenders from Harris County, with Kegans getting lower-risk offenders and Lychner getting higher-risk and special-needs offenders. If both of the male state jails in Harris County are full, excess offenders go to the Gist Unit in Jefferson County. Female state jail offenders from Harris County go to the Plane Unit in Liberty County.[45]


The South Texas Intermediate Sanction Facility Unit, a parole confinement facility for males operated by Global Expertise in Outsourcing, is in downtown Houston, west of Minute Maid Park.[46]



Law enforcement


As of 2018[update] there are over 60 law enforcement agencies operating in the county.[47] They include: the Harris County Sheriff's Office, the Harris County Constable Office, the Houston Police Department, METRO Police Department, other municipal police departments, and school district police departments.[48]


The combined yearly sum spent by these agencies circa 2018 was $1.6 billion. That year the Rice University Kinder Institute for Urban Research released a report advocating for consolidating several of these agencies as a way of saving taxpayer money.[47]



Economy





Hewlett-Packard United States offices, formerly headquarters of Compaq



In 2000, the largest employers in Harris County were Administaff, Compaq, Continental Airlines, Memorial Hermann Healthcare System, and Southwestern Bell.[49]


The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston-area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit, and 24,000 local jobs generated.[50][51] This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the UH System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.[51]


In 2009, 20% of the office space in northwest Harris County was vacant. As of that year, more office space is being built; in 2010, northwest Harris will have twice the amount of office space that it had in 2009. The vacancy rate in the area near Farm to Market Road 1960 and Texas State Highway 249 in north Harris County was 53% in 2009.[52]


Various companies are headquartered in incorporated and unincorporated areas throughout Harris County.


Academy Sports and Outdoors, a sporting goods retailer, has its corporate offices and product distribution center in unincorporated western Harris County.[53]Hewlett-Packard operates its United States region office in a complex northwest unincorporated Harris County; the complex formerly belonged to Compaq prior to Compaq's merger with HP.[54][55]Smith International has its headquarters in the Greenspoint district and in an unincorporated area in Harris County.[56][57]BJ Services Company has its headquarters in the Spring Branch district and in unincorporated Harris County.[58][59]Cybersoft Technologies has its headquarters in an unincorporated area.[60] In 2012 Noble Energy announced that it was consolidating its headquarters and two other Greater Houston offices into a 10-story building on the former Compaq headquarters property in unincorporated Harris County.[61]Goya Foods previously had its Texas offices in an unincorporated area in the county.[62]


General Electric operates an aeroderivative division facility on Jacintoport in unincorporated Harris County.[63][64]Randall's Food Markets, a subsidiary of Safeway Inc., has its distribution center in unincorporated Harris County.[65]


In 2008, KBR announced that it will open a new office facility in an unincorporated area in western Harris County.[66] In December KBR said that it would not continue with the plans due to a weakened economy.[67] In January 2009 KBR announced that it will not open the new office facility.[68]



Diplomatic missions




The Consulate-General of Pakistan in Houston in an unincorporated area of Harris County


Various consulates are located in the county, mostly within the city of Houston.



Education



Primary and secondary schools





Harris County Department of Education – Ronald W. Reagan Building


The Harris County Department of Education, a county division overseeing education by local school districts, with a 2011 budget around $100 million, is headquartered in the Ronald W. Reagan Building in the Northside district in Houston. It has an Adult Education Center in the Northside and an office in the North Post Oak Building in Spring Branch.[59][69][70]


Several school districts serve Harris County communities. Among the 26 districts are:









  • Aldine ISD

  • Alief ISD

  • Channelview ISD

  • Clear Creek ISD

  • Crosby ISD

  • Cypress-Fairbanks ISD

  • Dayton ISD

  • Deer Park ISD

  • Galena Park ISD




  • Goose Creek CISD

  • Houston ISD

  • Humble ISD

  • Katy ISD

  • Klein ISD

  • La Porte ISD

  • Pasadena ISD

  • Sheldon ISD




  • Spring ISD

  • Spring Branch ISD

  • Stafford MSD

  • Tomball ISD

  • Waller ISD




On July 1, 2013 the North Forest Independent School District closed and its territory became a part of Houston ISD.[71]


In addition, state-operated charter schools are in the county. Charter schools in unincorporated areas include:




  • Jamie's House Charter School (6–12)


  • Richard Milburn Academy Houston (high school) – Of Milburn Schools[72]

  • YES Prep North Central of YES Prep Public Schools


The department of education of the county operates the Highpoint Schools.[73]



Colleges and universities






Ezekiel W. Cullen Building at the University of Houston





Rice University - Sally Port


Four separate and distinct state universities are located in Harris County. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized Tier One research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System.[74][75][76] The third-largest university in Texas,[77] the University of Houston counted 43,774 (fall 2016)[78] students on its 667-acre campus in southeast Houston. The University of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Houston–Downtown are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston. Located in the historic community of Third Ward is Texas Southern University, one of the largest historically black colleges and universities in the United States.


Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges to a nationally recognized research university—are located within Harris County. Rice University is one of the leading teaching and research universities of the United States and ranked the nation's 17th best overall university by U.S. News & World Report.[79]


Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Harris County. The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the county are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of the county is served by San Jacinto College. The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the 10 largest institutions of higher learning in the United States.



Public libraries


Harris County operates its own public library system, the Harris County Public Library.


In addition, Houston has the Houston Public Library, a city-controlled public library system.


The cities of Baytown, Bellaire, Deer Park, and Pasadena have their own city-controlled libraries.




Transportation




Harris County Annex M has the headquarters of the Harris County Transit agency.[80]


Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO) serves several areas within Harris County. An agency of the Harris County government, Harris County Transit, serves communities in Harris County that are not served by METRO.[81]


In Harris County, the average one way commute for a person using an automobile was 25 minutes, while the average commute for a person not using an automobile was 44 minutes, a 76% longer duration than the figure for commuters with cars.[24]



Major highways








  • I-10 (TX).svg Interstate 10 a.k.a. - Katy Freeway going West or Baytown East Freeway going East


  • I-45 (TX).svg Interstate 45 a.k.a. - North Freeway going North or Gulf Freeway going South

  • Hardy Toll Road

  • Fort Bend Toll Road

  • Westpark Tollway


  • I-69 (TX).svgUS 59.svg Interstate 69/U.S. Highway 59 a.k.a. - Eastex Freeway going NE or Southwest Freeway going SW


  • I-610 (TX).svg Interstate 610 a.k.a. - North Loop Freeway north of downtown Houston or West Loop Freeway west of downtown Houston or South Loop Freeway south of downtown Houston or East Loop Freeway east of downtown Houston


  • US 90.svg U.S. Highway 90 a.k.a. - Crosby Freeway


  • Alternate plate.svg
    US 90.svg U.S. Highway 90 Alternate


  • US 290.svg U.S. Highway 290 a.k.a. - Northwest Freeway





  • Texas 3.svg State Highway 3


  • Texas 6.svg State Highway 6


  • Toll Texas 99.svg State Highway 99 a.k.a. - Grand Parkway (Under Construction)


  • Texas 146.svg State Highway 146


  • Texas 225.svg State Highway 225 a.k.a. - La Porte Freeway


  • Texas 249.svg State Highway 249 a.k.a. - Tomball Parkway going from Tomball and SE or Tomball Tollway going from Tomball and NW


  • Texas 288.svg State Highway 288 a.k.a. - South Freeway


  • Texas Beltway 8.svg Beltway 8 a.k.a. - Sam Houston Parkway east of I-45 in north Houston and north of I-10 east of Houston or Sam Houston Tollway west of I-45 in north Houston and south of I-10 east of Houston



See List of Highways in Harris County for more roadways in Harris County.



Mass transit


Many areas in Harris County are served by Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County, Texas (METRO), a public transportation agency headquartered in Downtown Houston.



Intercity buses


Greyhound Bus Lines operates various stations throughout Harris County.



Airports


Two commercial airports, George Bush Intercontinental Airport and William P. Hobby Airport, are located in Houston and in Harris County. The Houston Airport System defines Harris County as a part of Bush Intercontinental's service region.[82] The city of Houston operates Ellington Field, a general aviation and military airport in Harris County.


General aviation airports for fixed-wing aircraft outside of Houston include:



  • Publicly owned


    • La Porte Municipal Airport in La Porte


    • Baytown Airport in unincorporated east Harris County, north of Baytown



  • Privately owned, public use


    • West Houston Airport is a general aviation airport located in unincorporated western Harris County, west of the Houston city limits.


    • Dan Jones International Airport in unincorporated northwestern Harris County


    • Weiser Air Park in unincorporated northern Harris County


    • David Wayne Hooks Memorial Airport, a general aviation airport, is located outside of the Tomball city limits in unincorporated northwest Harris County.


    • Sack-O-Grande Acroport (also known as Harbican Airport) is located in western unincorporated Harris County.



  • Privately owned, private use

    • Hoffpauir Airport is located in western unincorporated Harris County.





Emergency Services



Police services




The 1200 Jail, the headquarters of the Harris County Sheriff's Office




Little York Volunteer Fire Department Station 81




Westfield Fire Station 2


Incorporated cities operate their own police departments.


Harris County operates the Harris County Sheriff's Office, which serves unincorporated areas and supplements police forces of incorporated areas.


Harris County also has a constable for each of its eight precincts and hundreds of deputies assigned to each. They mainly serve in a patrol function, established to maintain peace in the county as well as providing security to county buildings such as court houses and district attorney's offices.



Municipal Fire/EMS Services


The Harris County Fire Marshal's Office operates an Investigative Branch, an Emergency Response Branch (Hazardous Materials Response) and Prevention Branch (Inspections). The office is headquartered at 2318 Atascocita Road in an unincorporated area.[83] Incorporated cities operate their own fire departments.


The City of Houston operates the Houston Fire Department which provides fire and emergency medical coverage to the City of Houston.


Other municipalities in Harris County may provide their own fire service or may be part of an Emergency Service District that provides service for the city. Cities with municipal fire departments include:



  • Katy

  • League City

  • Galena Park

  • Humble

  • South Houston

  • Stafford

  • Webster

  • Bellaire

  • Jacinto City

  • Missouri City

  • Pasadena

  • West University Place

  • Deer Park

  • Jersey Village

  • Laporte

  • Nassau Bay

  • Pearland

  • Seabrook

  • Southside Place

  • Memorial Village (Bunker Hill, Piney Point, Hunters Creek)

  • Tomball



Emergency Services Districts


Areas outside of municipal city limits (and some smaller municipalities) have fire and emergency medical services provided by Emergency Service Districts, distinct governmental units with the ability to levy property and sales taxes. ESD's may provide fire service, EMS service or both (dual services) and the services they provide determine the limits on their adoptable tax rate.


ESD's may provide services directly or may contract with an agency or agencies for services. Additionally, ESD's may overlap one another to ensure both fire and EMS services are provided.










































































































































































































































ESD Type Provider Sales Tax Rate (2015)[84]
Property Tax Rate per $100 Valuation (2015)[85]
Harris County ESD #1 EMS Harris County Emergency Corps[86]
.10
Harris County ESD #2 EMS South Lake Houston EMS 1% .0280120
Harris County ESD #4 (4A) Dual Huffman FD 1% (2%) .10 (.10)
Harris County ESD #5 EMS HCESD5 EMS 1% .02
Harris County ESD #6 EMS North Channel EMS .5% .0089
Harris County ESD #7 Fire Spring VFD 1% .06545
Harris County ESD #8 EMS Northwest EMS[87]
.10
Harris County ESD #9 Dual Cy-Fair FD 1% .055
Harris County ESD #10 Fire Eastex Fire Department[88]
1% .10
Harris County ESD #11[89]
EMS
Cypress Creek EMS[90]
.04185
Harris County ESD #12 Fire Cloverleaf Fire Department .5% .03
Harris County ESD #13 Fire Cypress Creek FD .08826
Harris County ESD #14 Dual Highlands VFD 2% .05
Harris County ESD #15 Fire Tomball FD 1% .05
Harris County ESD #16 Fire Klein VFD 1% .05
Harris County ESD #17 Fire Little York VFD 1% .10
Harris County ESD #19 Fire Sheldon VFD .03
Harris County ESD #20 Fire Northwest FD 1% .10
Harris County ESD #21 Dual Rosehill FD 1% .10
Harris County ESD #24 Fire Aldine Fire & Rescue .10
Harris County ESD #25 Fire Westfield FD .10
Harris County ESD #28 Fire Ponderosa VFD 1% .10
Harris County ESD #29 Fire Champions VFD 1% .09032
Harris County ESD #46 Dual Atascocita VFD[91]
1% .08
Harris County ESD #47 Dual Westlake FD 1% .095186
Harris County ESD #48[92]
Dual HCESD48 FD 1% .089
Harris County ESD #50 Dual Channelview FD 1% .05
Harris County ESD #60 Fire Sheldon VFD 1% .05
Harris County ESD #75 Dual Baytown FD 1% .0875
Harris County ESD #80 Fire Crosby FD 1% .04178
Harris-Fort Bend ESD #100 Dual Community FD 1% .07951
Waller-Harris ESD #200[93]
Other Multiple Fire/EMS Agencies .0995


Administration by judiciary


The chief administrative officer of a Texas County, as set up in the Texas Constitution, is the County Judge, who sits as the chair of the county's Commissioners' Court (the equivalent of a Board of Supervisors in some other states). Since 2007, this position in Harris County is held by Judge Ed Emmett. The county is split into 4 geographical divisions called Precincts. Each precinct elects a Commissioner to sit as a representative of their precinct on the commissioners court and also for the oversight of county functions in their area.


Other elected positions in Harris County include a County Attorney, a County Clerk, a District Attorney, a District Clerk, a Sheriff, 8 Constables, a Tax Assessor-Collector, a County Treasurer, and every judge in the county except municipal judges, who are appointed by the mayors and confirmed by city councils of their respective cities.


Many of the organs of the Harris County government reside in the Harris County Campus in Downtown Houston.



Hospital services


Within Harris County, hospital services for the indigent and needy are provided by the Harris County Hospital District, a separate governmental entity. Harris County Hospital District operates three hospitals: LBJ General Hospital, Quentin Mease Community Hospital, and Ben Taub General Hospital, as well as many clinics.


Additionally, numerous private and public hospitals operate in Harris County, including institutions in Texas Medical Center and throughout the county, for example the Harris County Psychiatric Center



Communities



Cities (multiple counties)




  • Baytown (partly in Chambers County)


  • Friendswood (mostly in Galveston County)


  • Houston (county seat) (small parts in Fort Bend and Montgomery counties)


  • Katy (partly in Fort Bend and Waller counties)


  • League City (mostly in Galveston County)


  • Missouri City (mostly in Fort Bend County)


  • Pearland (mostly in Brazoria County and a small part in Fort Bend County)


  • Seabrook (some water surface in Chambers County)


  • Stafford (mostly in Fort Bend County)


  • Waller (partly in Waller County)



Cities




  • Bellaire

  • Bunker Hill Village

  • Deer Park

  • El Lago

  • Galena Park

  • Hedwig Village

  • Hilshire Village

  • Humble

  • Hunters Creek Village

  • Jacinto City

  • Jersey Village

  • La Porte

  • Morgan's Point

  • Nassau Bay

  • Pasadena

  • Piney Point Village

  • Shoreacres

  • South Houston

  • Southside Place

  • Spring Valley Village

  • Taylor Lake Village

  • Tomball

  • Webster

  • West University Place




Census-designated places




  • Aldine

  • Atascocita

  • Barrett

  • Channelview


  • Cinco Ranch (mostly in Fort Bend County)

  • Cloverleaf

  • Crosby

  • Highlands


  • Mission Bend (mostly in Fort Bend County)

  • Sheldon

  • Spring


  • The Woodlands (mostly in Montgomery County)




Unincorporated communities





  • Alief (Partially annexed by Houston, partially unincorporated)

  • Airline

  • Bammel

  • Barker

  • Beaumont Place

  • Bridgeland

  • Cedar Bayou

  • Champions Forest

  • Cimarron

  • Coady

  • Cypress

  • Dyersdale

  • East Aldine

  • Fall Creek

  • Hockley

  • Houmont Park

  • Huffman

  • Hufsmith

  • Kinwood

  • Klein

  • Kleinbrook

  • Kohrville

  • Louetta

  • Lynchburg

  • McNair

  • North Houston

  • Northcliffe

  • Northcliffe Manor

  • Northgate Forest

  • Remington Ranch

  • Rose Hill

  • Satsuma

  • Timber Meadows

  • Traces

  • Westfield




Gallery




See also




  • Houston metropolitan area

  • List of museums in the Texas Gulf Coast

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Harris County, Texas

  • Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks in Harris County

  • USNS Harris County (T-LST-822)



References





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External links







  • Harris County government's website


  • The Handbook of Texas Online: Harris County


  • Account of the early days of Harris County, 1824 – 1838 from Indian Wars and Pioneers of Texas by John Henry Brown, hosted by The Portal to Texas History

  • Accepted design illustration of Court House from the University of Houston Digital Library (1920–1924)







Coordinates: 29°52′N 95°23′W / 29.86°N 95.39°W / 29.86; -95.39


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