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Shulamit Aloni
Date of birth	(1928-12-27)27 December 1928
Place of birth	Poland
Date of death	24 January 2014(2014-01-24) (aged 85)
Place of death	Kfar Shmaryahu, Israel
Knessets	6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13
Faction represented in Knesset
1965–1967	Labor Alignment
1967–1968	Labor Party
1968–1969	Alignment
1974–1975	Ratz
1975–1976	Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement
1976–1981	Ratz
1981–1984	Alignment
1984–1992	Ratz
1992–1996	Meretz
Ministerial roles
1974	Minister without Portfolio
1992–1993	Minister of Education and Culture
1993	Minister without Portfolio
1993–1996	Minister of Communications
1993–1996	Minister of Science and the Arts
Born	Shulamit Adler

Shulamit Aloni (Hebrew: .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-size:1.15em;font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}שולמית אלוני‎; 27 December 1928 – 24 January 2014) was an Israeli politician. She founded the Ratz party, was leader of the Meretz party and served as Minister of Education from 1992 to 1993. In 2000, she won the Israel Prize.

Biography

Shulamit Adler was born in Poland. Her mother was a seamstress and her father was a carpenter, both descended from Polish rabbinical families. The family migrated to Mandatory Palestine when she was a child, and Aloni grew up in Tel Aviv. She was sent to boarding school during World War II while her parents served in the British Army. As a youth she was a member of the socialist Zionist Hashomer Hatzair youth movement and the Palmach. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, she was involved in military struggles for the Old City of Jerusalem and was captured by Jordanian forces.^[1] Following the establishment of the state of Israel, she worked with child refugees and helped establish a school for immigrant children. She taught in a school while studying law.^[2] After her marriage in 1952 to Reuven Aloni, the founder of Israel Lands Administration, she moved to Kfar Shmaryahu.

Aloni joined Mapai in 1959. She also worked as an attorney and hosted a radio show Outside Working Hours that dealt with human rights and women's rights. She also wrote columns for several newspapers.^{[citation needed]}

Political career

Aloni in the Knesset in 1965.

In 1965, Aloni was elected to the Knesset on the list of the Alignment, an alliance of Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda, and subsequently founded the Israel Consumers Council, which she chaired for four years. She left the Alignment in 1973 and established the Citizens Rights Movement, which became known as Ratz. The party advocated electoral reform, separation of religion and state and human rights and won three seats in the 1973 Knesset elections. Ratz initially joined the Alignment-led government with Aloni as Minister without Portfolio but she resigned immediately in protest at the appointment of Yitzhak Rafael as Minister of Religions. Ratz briefly became Ya'ad – Civil Rights Movement when independent MK Aryeh Eliav joined the party, but returned to its original status soon after.^{[citation needed]}

Throughout the 1970s Aloni attempted to create a dialogue with Palestinians in hopes of achieving a lasting peace settlement. During the 1982 Lebanon War she established the International Center for Peace in the Middle East. In the run-up to the 1984 elections, Ratz aligned with Peace Now and the Left Camp of Israel to increase its size in the Knesset to five seats. In 1992, she led Ratz into an alliance with Shinui and Mapam to form the new Meretz party,^[3] which won 12 seats under her leadership in the elections that year. Aloni became Minister of Education under Yitzhak Rabin but was forced to resign after a year due to her outspoken statements on matters of religion. As Education Minister, she also criticized organized tours by Israeli high school pupils to Holocaust concentration camps on grounds that such visits were turning Israeli youth into aggressive, nationalistic xenophobes, claiming that students "march with unfurled flags, as if they've come to conquer Poland".^[4] She was reappointed Minister of Communications and Science and Culture and served until 1996 when she retired from party politics.

After the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993, Aloni expressed her sentiments that the agreements were a positive turning point on an historic scale: "I feel like on the 29th of November [the date of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine]; we did not know then what we were heading for, but we knew we were heading for great days."^[5]

After the massacre of 29 Muslims in Hebron, West Bank on February 25, 1994 perpetrated by Baruch Goldstein, Aloni called for the expulsion of Jewish settlers from Hebron. She also condemned high school trips to Holocaust sites as she considered them to be detrimental to the spirit of Israeli youth.^[6]

Last years

In a 2002 interview with American journalist Amy Goodman, Aloni said that charges of antisemitism are "a trick we use" to suppress criticism of Israel coming from within the United States, while for criticism coming from Europe "we bring up the Holocaust."^[7]

Aloni was a board member of Yesh Din, an organisation founded in 2005 which focuses on human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories. She defended U.S. President Jimmy Carter's use of the word "apartheid" in the title of his book, Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid.^[8] Later, Aloni said, "I hate to cover up things that should be open to the sun."

Personal life

With her husband, Reuven Aloni, she had three sons:

• Dror Aloni – later mayor of Kfar Shmaryahu and head of Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium
  


• Nimrod Aloni – an education philosopher


• 
  Udi Aloni – a film director, writer and artist

Reuven Aloni died in 1988. Shulamit Aloni died at age 85, on 24 January 2014.^[9][10]

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  Young Shulamit in the 1940s.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Shulamit Aloni as a young woman with her mother.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Shulamit and Reuven Aloni in the 1980s.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Aloni in 2002 at a Peace Now demonstration.
  

  
  

  
  


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  Aloni with grandchildren in the 2000s.
  

  
  

  
  

Awards and recognition

• In 1998, Aloni received a special lifetime award of the Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel.^[11]
  


• In 2000, she received the Israel Prize, for her lifetime achievements and special contribution to society and the State of Israel.^[12][13]
  

Published works

• "Up the down escalator" in Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, ed. Robin Morgan, 1984.^[14]
  


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  Democracy in Shackles (Demokratia be'azikim), Am Oved (in Hebrew)^[15]
  


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  The Citizen and His Country, published in 1958


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  Israel: Democracy or Ethnocracy? published in 2008

See also

• List of Israel Prize recipients

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shulamit Aloni.

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  Shulamit Aloni on the Knesset website