Conus
Conus Temporal range: Eocene–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
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Apertural and abapertural views of shell of Conus abbas | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Clade: | Caenogastropoda |
Clade: | Hypsogastropoda |
Clade: | Neogastropoda |
Superfamily: | Conoidea |
Family: | Conidae |
Genus: | Conus Linnaeus, 1758[1] |
Type species | |
Conus marmoreus (type species of Conus (Conus) Linnaeus, 1758 | |
Synonyms[1] | |
See List of Conus species |
Conus is a genus of predatory sea snails, or cone snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Conidae.[1] Prior to 2009, cone snail species had all traditionally been grouped into the single genus Conus. However, Conus is now more precisely defined, and there are several other accepted genera of cone snails. For a list of the currently accepted genera, see Conidae.
For a list of the currently accepted species within the genus Conus, based on the information in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) list, see: list of Conus species.
Species in the genus Conus sensu stricto can be found in the tropical and subtropical seas of the world, at depths ranging from the sublittoral to 1,000 m. They are very variable in some of their characters, such as the tuberculation of the spire and body whorl, striae, colors and the pattern of coloring. Many fossil species have been described; they are extensively distributed, and first appear in Cretaceous strata.
Contents
1 Description
2 List of synonyms and alternate representations
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
Description
The thick shell of species in the genus Conus sensu stricto, is obconic, with the whorls enrolled upon themselves. The spire is short, smooth or tuberculated. The narrow aperture is elongated with parallel margins parallel and is truncated at the base. The operculum is very small relative to the size of the shell. It is corneous, narrowly elongated, with an apical nucleus, and the impression of
the muscular attachment varies from one-half to two-thirds of the inner surface. The outer lip shows a slight sutural sinus.[2]
List of synonyms and alternate representations
As this list shows, many genera that were formerly recognized within the family Conidae, have become subgenera of Conus, and they can also be represented by that subgeneric name as an "alternate representation".
Afonsoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Africonus Petuch, 1975
Afroconus Petuch, 1975(in his introduction of this subgenus Petuch uses "Afroconus" but in his subsequent use of this new subgenus he uses "Africonus")
Arubaconus Petuch, 2013
Asprella Schaufuss, 1869
Atlanticonus Petuch & Sargent, 2012
Attenuiconus Petuch, 2013
Austroconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Bermudaconus Petuch, 2013
Brasiliconus Petuch, 2013
Calamiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Calibanus da Motta, 1991
Cariboconus Petuch, 2003
Chelyconus Mörch, 1852
Cleobula Iredale, 1930
Conasprelloides Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Continuconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Conus (Afonsoconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Asprella) Schaufuss, 1869 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Atlanticonus) Petuch & Sargent, 2012 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Attenuiconus) Petuch, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Austroconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Bermudaconus) Petuch, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Brasiliconus) Petuch, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Calibanus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Chelyconus) Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Conus) Linnaeus, 1758 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Cylinder) Montfort, 1810 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Darioconus) Iredale, 1930 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Dendroconus) Swainson, 1840 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Ductoconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Elisaconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Embrikena) Iredale, 1937 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Eremiconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Eugeniconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Floraconus) Iredale, 1930 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Fraterconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Harmoniconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Hermes) Montfort, 1810 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Kellyconus) Petuch, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Klemaeconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Lamniconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Leporiconus) Iredale, 1930 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Leptoconus) Swainson, 1840 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Lindaconus) Petuch, 2002 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Lithoconus) Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Lividoconus) Wils, 1970 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Monteiroconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Papyriconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Pionoconus) Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Plicaustraconus) Moolenbeek, 2008 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Pseudolilliconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Pseudonoduloconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Pseudopterygia) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Puncticulis) Swainson, 1840 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Pyruconus) Olsson, 1967 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Quasiconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Rhizoconus) Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Rubroconus) Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Sandericonus) Petuch, 2013 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Sciteconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Spuriconus) Petuch, 2003
Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Strategoconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Tesselliconus) da Motta, 1991 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Textilia) Swainson, 1840 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Turriconus) Shikama & Habe, 1968 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Virgiconus) Cotton, 1945 · accepted, alternate representation
Conus (Virroconus) Iredale, 1930 · accepted, alternate representation
Cornutoconus Suzuki, 1972
Coronaxis Swainson, 1840
Cucullus Röding, 1798
Cylinder Montfort, 1810
Cylindrella Swainson, 1840 (Invalid: junior homonym of Cylindrella Pfeiffer, 1840 [Gastropoda, Urocoptidae] and placed on the Official Index by ICZN Opinion 1030; Asprella is a replacement name)
Cylindrus Batsch, 1789 (name to be rejected: ICZN petition pending)
Darioconus Iredale, 1930
Dauciconus Cotton, 1945
Dendroconus Swainson, 1840
Ductoconus da Motta, 1991
Dyraspis Iredale, 1949
Elisaconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Embrikena Iredale, 1937
Eremiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Erythroconus da Motta, 1991
Eugeniconus da Motta, 1991
Floraconus Iredale, 1930
Fraterconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Fulgiconus da Motta, 1991
Gastridium Modeer, 1793
Genuanoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Gladioconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Gradiconus da Motta, 1991
Graphiconus da Motta, 1991
Harmoniconus da Motta, 1991
Hermes Montfort, 1810
Heroconus da Motta, 1991
Isoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Kalloconus da Motta, 1991
Kellyconus Petuch, 2013
Ketyconus da Motta, 1991
Kioconus da Motta, 1991
Klemaeconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Kurodaconus Shikama & Habe, 1968
Lamniconus da Motta, 1991
Lautoconus Monterosato, 1923
Leporiconus Iredale, 1930
Leptoconus Swainson, 1840
Leptoconus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852
Lindaconus Petuch, 2002
Lithoconus Mörch, 1852
Lividoconus Wils, 1970
Magelliconus da Motta, 1991
Miliariconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Mitraconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Monteiroconus da Motta, 1991
Nataliconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Nimboconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Nitidoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Ongoconus da Motta, 1991
Papyriconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Phasmoconus Mörch, 1852
Phasmoconus (Fulgiconus) da Motta, 1991
Pionoconus Mörch, 1852
Plicaustraconus Moolenbeek, 2008
Poremskiconus Petuch, 2013
Protoconus da Motta, 1991 (Invalid: junior homonym of Protoconus Yu, 1979 and Protoconus Stinchcomb, 1986; Tenorioconus is a replacement name)
Protostrioconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Pseudohermes Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Pseudolilliconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Pseudonoduloconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Pseudopterygia Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Puncticulis Swainson, 1840
Purpuriconus da Motta, 1991
Pyruconus Olsson, 1967
Quasiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Regiconus Iredale, 1930
Rhizoconus Mörch, 1852
Rhombiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Rhombus Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: junior homonym of Rhombus Walbaum, 1792 [Pisces])
Rolaniconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Rollus Montfort, 1810
Rubroconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Sandericonus Petuch, 2013
Sciteconus da Motta, 1991
Seminoleconus Petuch, 2003
Socioconus da Motta, 1991
Splinoconus da Motta, 1991
Spuriconus Petuch, 2003
Stellaconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Stephanoconus Mörch, 1852
Strategoconus da Motta, 1991
Strioconus Thiele, 1929
Sulciconus Bielz, 1869
Taranteconus Azuma, 1972
Tenorioconus Petuch & Drolshagen, 2011
Tesselliconus da Motta, 1991
Textilia Swainson, 1840
Thalassiconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Theliconus Swainson, 1840 (objective synonym of Hermes)
Thoraconus da Motta, 1991
Trovaoconus Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Tuckericonus Petuch, 2013
Tuliparia Swainson, 1840
Turriconus Shikama & Habe, 1968
Utriculus Schumacher, 1817
Varioconus da Motta, 1991
Virgiconus Cotton, 1945
Virroconus Iredale, 1930
Vituliconus da Motta, 1991
See also
Cone snail: general characteristics.
References
^ abc Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Conus Linnaeus, 1758. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137813 on 2015-11-12
^ G.W. Tryon (1884) Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species, vol. VI; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences
- Röckel, D., Korn, W. & Kohn, A.J. 1995. Manual of the Living Conidae. Volume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Wiesbaden : Hemmen 517 pp.
- Filmer R.M. (2001). A Catalogue of Nomenclature and Taxonomy in the Living Conidae 1758 - 1998. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 388pp.
- Tucker J.K. (2009). Recent cone species database. September 4, 2009 Edition
- Tucker J.K. & Tenorio M.J. (2009) Systematic classification of Recent and fossil conoidean gastropods. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. 296 pp
- Puillandre N., Duda T.F., Meyer C., Olivera B.M. & Bouchet P. (2015). One, four or 100 genera? A new classification of the cone snails. Journal of Molluscan Studies. 81: 1-23
Further reading
- Kohn A. A. (1992). Chronological Taxonomy of Conus, 1758-1840. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London.
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