Johann Friedrich Gmelin



















































J. F. Gmelin

Johann Friedrich Gmelin.jpg
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804)

Born
(1748-08-08)8 August 1748
Tübingen, Holy Roman Empire
Died 1 November 1804(1804-11-01) (aged 56)
Göttingen, Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Nationality German
Alma mater University of Tübingen
Known for Textbooks
Scientific career
Fields Naturalist, botanist and entomologist
Institutions
University of Göttingen
University of Tübingen
Doctoral advisor
Philipp Friedrich Gmelin
Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger
Doctoral students
Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt
Friedrich Stromeyer
Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer
Wilhelm August Lampadius
Author abbrev. (botany) J.F.Gmel.

Notes

He was the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin and the father of Leopold Gmelin.

Johann Friedrich Gmelin (8 August 1748 – 1 November 1804) was a German naturalist, botanist, entomologist, herpetologist, and malacologist.




Contents






  • 1 Education


  • 2 Career


  • 3 Legacy


  • 4 Publications


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Education


Johann Friedrich Gmelin was born as the eldest son of Philipp Friedrich Gmelin in 1748 in Tübingen. He studied medicine under his father[1] at University of Tübingen and graduated with an MD in 1768, with a thesis entitled: Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam., defended under the presidency of Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger,[2] whom he thanks with the words Patrono et praeceptore in aeternum pie devenerando, pro summis in medicina obtinendis honoribus.



Career


In 1769, Gmelin became an adjunct professor of medicine at University of Tübingen. In 1773, he became professor of philosophy and adjunct professor of medicine at University of Göttingen. He was promoted to full professor of medicine and professor of chemistry, botany, and mineralogy in 1778. He died in 1804 in Göttingen.


Johann Friedrich Gmelin published several textbooks in the fields of chemistry, pharmaceutical science, mineralogy, and botany. He also published the 13th edition of Systema Naturae by Carl Linnaeus in 1788 and 1789. This contained descriptions and scientific names of many new species, including birds that had earlier been catalogued without a scientific name by John Latham in his A General Synopsis of Birds. Gmelin's publication is cited as the authority for over 290 bird species[3] and also a number of butterfly species. [4]



Legacy


Among his students were Georg Friedrich Hildebrandt, Carl Friedrich Kielmeyer, Friedrich Stromeyer, and Wilhelm August Lampadius. He was the father of Leopold Gmelin.
He described the redfin pickerel in 1789. In the scientific field of herpetology, he described many new species of amphibians and reptiles.[5] In the field of malacology, he described and named many species of gastropods.


The standard author abbreviation J.F.Gmel. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[6]

The abbreviation "Gmel." is also found.[7]



Publications




  • Gmelin, Johann Friedrich; Ferdinand Christoph Oetinger (1768). Irritabilitatem vegetabilium, in singulis plantarum partibus exploratam ulterioribusque experimentis confirmatam. Thesis Tübingen. OCLC 10717434..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Allgemeine Geschichte der Gifte, 2 Vol., 1776/77 Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.


  • Allgemeine Geschichte der Pflanzengifte, 1777


  • Allgemeine Geschichte der mineralischen Gifte. Nürnberg : Raspe, 1777. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.


  • Johann Friedrich Gmelins ... Einleitung in die Chemie zum Gebrauch auf Universitäten. Nürnberg: Raspe, 1780. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.


  • Einleitung in die Pharmacie. Nürnberg: Raspe, 1781. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.


  • Beyträge zur Geschichte des teutschen Bergbaus, 1783


  • Ueber die neuere Entdeckungen in der Lehre von der Luft, und deren Anwendung auf Arzneikunst, in Briefen an einen Arzt, von J. F. Gmelin., 1784


  • Grundsätze der technischen Chemie, 1786


  • Caroli a Linné, equitis aurati de stella polari, … Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima tertia, aucta, reformata. Lipsiae [Leipzig], Georg Emanuel Beer, 1789-1790


  • Grundriß der Pharmazie, 1792


  • Apparatus Medicaminum tam simplicium quam praeparatorum et compositorum in Praxeos Adiumentum consideratus, Ps. 2, T. 1 - Ps. 2, T. 2., 1795–1796. Digital edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf.


  • Geschichte der Chemie, 1799


  • Allgemeine Geschichte der thierischen und mineralischen Gifte, 1806




Göttingen, Cheltenhampark, Grave of Johann Friedrich Gmelin



References





  1. ^ Mainz, Vera V.; Gregory S. Girolami (1998). "Genealogy Database Entry: Gmelin, Johann Friedrich" (PDF). School of Chemical Sciences Web Genealogy. University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. Retrieved 2009-01-01.


  2. ^ Irritabilitatem vegetabilium in singulis plantarum partibus exploratatam


  3. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "IOC World Bird List Version 5.4". International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 January 2016.


  4. ^ Vane-Wright, R. I., 1975. The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History),Entomology, 32: 17-64.pdf


  5. ^ The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.


  6. ^ IPNI.  J.F.Gmel.


  7. ^ See for instance:
    Audubon, John James (1831) - Ornithological Biography : Volume 1, p. 232. Online available at wikisource.



  • Vane-Wright, R. I., 1975. The butterflies named by J. F. Gmelin (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera).Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History),Entomology, 32: 17-64.pdf




External links



  • Gmelin's chemical genealogy


  • Johann Friedrich Gmelin at the Mathematics Genealogy Project


  • Johann Friedrich Gmelin in the German National Library catalogue

  • [1]


  • "Author Details for Johann Friedrich Gmelin" (HTML). International Plant Names Index. International Organization for Plant Information (IOPI).


  • books by Johann Friedrich Gmelin at Internet Archive


  • Zoologica Göttingen State and University Library















-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

Electric locomotive

圖片
Electric locomotive Škoda ChS4-109. The Moscow — Odessa train in Vinnytsia railway station. The Siemens ES64U4, is the current confirmed holder as the fastest electric locomotive at 357 km/h (222 mph) in 2006. An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor. Electric locomotives with on-board fueled prime movers, such as diesel engines or gas turbines, are classed as diesel-electric or gas turbine-electric and not as electric locomotives, because the electric generator/motor combination serves only as a power transmission system. Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90% (not including the inefficiency of generating the electricity). Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives ...
閱讀完整內容

Carlow County Council

圖片
Carlow County Council Comhairle Contae Cheatharlach Type Type County council Leadership Cathaoirleach Brian O'Donoghue, FG Structure Seats 18 Political groups      Fine Gael (6)      Fianna Fáil (5)      Sinn Féin (3)      Labour Party (2)      Independent (2) Elections Last election 23 May 2014 Meeting place County Buildings, Carlow Website carlow.ie The area governed by the council Carlow County Council (Irish: Comhairle Contae Cheatharlach ) is the authority responsible for local government in County Carlow, Ireland. As a county council, it is governed by the Local Government Act 2001. The council is responsible for housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning and development, amenity and culture, and environment. [1] The council has 18 elected members. Elections are held every five years and are by single transferable vote. The head of the council has the title of Cathaoirleach (Chairperson)....
閱讀完整內容

Abdulla Qahhor

圖片
Abdulla Qahhor A commemorative Uzbek stamp made in honor of Abdulla Qahhor's 100th birthday Born Abdulla Qahhorov ( 1907-09-17 ) September 17, 1907 Kokand Russian Turkestan Died May 25, 1968 (1968-05-25) (aged 60) Moscow Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Occupation Novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary translator Literary movement Realism Notable awards State Stalin Prize (1952) National Writer of the Uzbek SSR (1967) National Order of Merit (2000) Abdulla Qahhor (sometimes spelled Abdulla Kahhar in English) (Uzbek: Abdulla Qahhor, Абдулла Қаҳҳор ) (September 17, 1907 – May 25, 1968) was an Uzbek novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright, and literary translator. He is best remembered as the author of the 1951 novel Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari ( The Lights of Qoʻshchinor ) and the 1958 story Sinchalak . In addition to writing numerous short stories and novels, Qahhor translated the works of many famous R...
閱讀完整內容