Robustness (morphology)








In biology, robustness is used to describe a species with a morphology based on strength and a heavy build. The alternative morphology is the gracile body type.


For example, comparing similar species, rats have robust body types while mice are gracile. Male and female members of the same species may display sexual dimorphism and have robust and gracile morphologies.[citation needed]


The terms "robust" vs. "gracile" are used relatively in the context of human evolution, to distinguish:



  • "robust" vs. "gracile" australopithecines, see Paranthropus

  • "robust" archaic humans vs. "gracile" anatomically modern humans

  • "robust" early modern humans (Cro-Magnon) vs. "gracile" Epipaleolithic humans (Combe-Capelle)



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