Yulin, Shaanxi




Prefecture-level city in Shaanxi, People's Republic of China






















































Yulin
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榆林市
Prefecture-level city
榆林古城.JPG

Location of Yulin City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Location of Yulin City jurisdiction in Shaanxi

Coordinates: 38°17′N 109°44′E / 38.283°N 109.733°E / 38.283; 109.733Coordinates: 38°17′N 109°44′E / 38.283°N 109.733°E / 38.283; 109.733
Country People's Republic of China
Province Shaanxi
Municipal seat Yuyang District
Area
 • Total 43,578 km2 (16,826 sq mi)
Elevation
 1,084 m (3,556 ft)
Population
 • Total 3,380,000
 • Density 78/km2 (200/sq mi)
Time zone
UTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 code CN-SN-08
Licence plates 陕K
Website yl.gov.cn

Yulin (Chinese: 榆林; pinyin: Yúlín) is a prefecture-level city in the Shanbei region of Shaanxi province, China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north, Shanxi to the east, and Ningxia to the west. It has an administrative area of 43,578 km2 (16,826 sq mi) and a population of 3,380,000.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Geography


    • 1.1 Lake Hongjiannao




  • 2 Climate


  • 3 Transportation


  • 4 History


  • 5 Administration


  • 6 Culture


  • 7 Environment


  • 8 Economy


  • 9 Notable people


  • 10 References


  • 11 External links





Geography


Yulin is the northernmost prefecture-level city of Shaanxi, and borders Ordos City (Inner Mongolia) to the north, Xinzhou and Lüliang (Shanxi) to the east, Yan'an to the south, and Wuzhong (Ningxia) to the west. To the north and northwest of the city lies the Ordos Desert, though the countryside is very green due to the many small shrubs which have been planted to slow the process of desertification. The city is based in a valley which extends north-south, which rises to a large vantage point to the north east, from which there are views of the west and northwest.



Lake Hongjiannao


Lake Hongjiannao lies on the border of Yulin and Ordos City, Inner Mongolia (39°06′N, 109°53′E).[2] It is China's largest "desert freshwater lake".[3] The lake is relatively recent, formed around 1929 due to increased rainfall in the early 20th century; before, the basin was a wetland. The lake is supplied by four rivers, but there is no outflow. When its surface area was about 60 km2 (23 sq mi), its maximum depth was 10.5 m (34 ft) and the average depth 8.2 m (27 ft).[2] However, the lake has been shrinking sharply over the past decade, to 32 km2 (12 sq mi) at the present. The shrinking has been attributed to reservoir construction, mining, and agricultural irrigation.[3]


Lake Hongjiannao is an important breeding habitat for relict gull, a species classified as "vulnerable" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It is estimated that up to 5,000 pairs breed there, making it the largest breeding colony of relict gulls. Shrinking of the lake and changes in water quality are threatening the colony.[4]



Climate


Yulin has a continental, monsoon-influenced semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with very cold, rather long winters, and hot and somewhat humid summers. Monthly averages range from −9.4 °C (15.1 °F) to 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 8.29 °C (46.9 °F). Spring is especially prone to sandstorms blowing in from the northwest. There is only 366 millimetres (14.4 in) of precipitation annually, 73% of which occurs from June to September. Due to the aridity, diurnal temperature variation is large for most of the year, averaging 13.8 °C (24.8 °F) annually. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 60% in three months to 65% in four months, the city receives 2,780 hours of bright sunshine annually.





































































































































Climate data for Yulin, Shaanxi (1971−2000)
Month
 Jan
 Feb
 Mar
 Apr
 May
 Jun
 Jul
 Aug
 Sep
 Oct
 Nov
 Dec
 Year
Average high °C (°F)
 −1.2
(29.8)
 2.8
(37)
 9.8
(49.6)
 18.4
(65.1)
 24.4
(75.9)
 28.3
(82.9)
 29.8
(85.6)
 27.8
(82)
 22.9
(73.2)
 16.3
(61.3)
 7.8
(46)
 0.7
(33.3)
 15.7
(60.2)
Average low °C (°F)
 −15.9
(3.4)
 −11.3
(11.7)
 −3.6
(25.5)
 3.2
(37.8)
 9.3
(48.7)
 14.0
(57.2)
 17.1
(62.8)
 15.9
(60.6)
 9.7
(49.5)
 2.6
(36.7)
 −5.3
(22.5)
 −13
(9)
 1.9
(35.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
 2.3
(0.091)
 3.8
(0.15)
 11.9
(0.469)
 18.3
(0.72)
 29.2
(1.15)
 42.8
(1.685)
 87.0
(3.425)
 91.2
(3.591)
 47.4
(1.866)
 22.2
(0.874)
 7.8
(0.307)
 1.8
(0.071)
 365.7
(14.399)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)
 2.0
 2.6
 3.9
 4.2
 5.6
 8.1
 9.7
 10.4
 8.9
 5.3
 2.9
 1.5
 65.1
Average relative humidity (%)
 55
 52
 49
 42
 43
 51
 62
 67
 67
 63
 61
 58
 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours
 197.8
 187.7
 220.3
 245.0
 282.4
 278.8
 269.5
 252.1
 232.5
 225.7
 198.5
 186.5
 2,776.8
Percent possible sunshine
 65
 62
 60
 62
 65
 63
 60
 60
 62
 65
 65
 63
 63
Source: China Meteorological Administration


Transportation



  • Yulin Yuyang Airport

  • Shenyan Railway


  • G1812 Cangyu Expressway

  • G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway

  • China National Highway 210



History


Yulin played host to the 11th CHIME (European Foundation for Chinese Music Research) conference in August 2006.In 2017,26-29 August, the 1st IGU-AGLE Commission's conference on 'Global Rural Development and Land Capacity Building.' was held in Yulin University.[5]



Administration


Yulin consists of 2 districts, 1 county-level city and 9 counties.













































































































Map


Name
Hanzi
Hanyu Pinyin
 Population (2004 est.)
 Area (km2)
 Density (/km2)

Yuyang District
榆阳区
 Yúyáng Qū
 460,000
 7,053
 65

Hengshan District
横山区
 Héngshān Qū
 330,000
 4,084
 81

Shenmu City
神木市
 Shénmù Shì
 370,000
 7,635
 48

Fugu County
府谷县
 Fǔgǔ Xiàn
 210,000
 3,212
 65

Jingbian County
靖边县
 Jìngbiān Xiàn
 290,000
 5,088
 57

Dingbian County
定边县
 Dìngbiān Xiàn
 310,000
 6,920
 45

Suide County
绥德县
 Suídé Xiàn
 350,000
 1,878
 186

Mizhi County
米脂县
 Mǐzhī Xiàn
 210,000
 1,212
 173

Jia County
佳县
 Jiā Xiàn
 250,000
 2,144
 117

Wubu County
吴堡县
 Wúbǔ Xiàn
 80,000
 428
 187

Qingjian County
清涧县
 Qīngjiàn Xiàn
 210,000
 1,881
 112

Zizhou County
子洲县
 Zǐzhōu Xiàn
 310,000
 2,043
 152


Culture


Because of its relative isolation, a considerable amount of classical architecture remains in the city proper including the original city wall, some of which has been restored. Other cultural relics include the Zhen Bei Tai watchtower, built during the Ming Dynasty, which is the largest troop fortress built on the entire Great Wall, with original and restored pieces of the original Great Wall juxtaposed on both sides. There is a large restoration in process on this area of the Great Wall. In addition, pieces of the ancient Great Wall built during the Qin Dynasty are scattered along the outskirts of town. There is also the Red Stone Gorge, a canyon lined with grottoes containing carved ancient writing and Buddhist art. The town also contains an ancient pagoda.


The Chinese dialect of Jin is spoken in Yulin.



Environment



Economy


Although most of the local people live in a very minimal fashion, coal mining provides the predominant source of income. For some, coal mining has brought great riches.


There is a new oil-field project (2005+) just to the west of Yulin which is drilling wells for natural gas, and this has brought a good deal of money into the local economy.


This new oil/gas development is the current largest onshore project cooperated by the PetroChina and International Energy Company (Shell) in Mainland of China since 1999 (Product Sharing Contract(PSC) signed). In 2005, this project progressed to the construction and drilling phase and delivered gas into Shaanxi-Jing No.2 pipeline in 2007. The target annual gas production is 3 billion cubic meters (BCM) after this project reaches its full production capacity.



Notable people



  • Li Zicheng (1606-1645), rebel leader that established Shun Dynasty.


References





  1. ^ (in Chinese) Profile of Yulin, visited on June 2, 2008.


  2. ^ ab Shen, J.; Wang, Y.; Yang, X.; Zhang, E.; Yang, B.; Ji, J. (2005). "Paleosandstorm characteristics and lake evolution history deduced from investigation on lacustrine sediments—The case of Hongjiannao Lake, Shaanxi Province". Chinese Science Bulletin. 50 (20): 2355–2361. doi:10.1007/BF03183747..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ ab Yang, Yi (2013-11-28). "China's largest desert freshwater lake shrinking". English.news.cn. Xinhua.


  4. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Larus relictus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 29 November 2013.


  5. ^ https://igu-online.org/igu-commission-on-agriculture-and-land-engineering-inaugural-conference-26-29-august-2017/




External links







  • Official website of Yulin Government

  • Yulin University

  • How to study at the Yulin University

  • CREC (The Research Centre for the Recovery of Ecology and Culture in the Loess-Plateau)











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