Demographics of Tajikistan




Tajikistani population overview



Tajikistan's population and rural population 1958-2005 (millions).




A Tajik man in traditional headgear (2005).




A Tajik woman and her son.


The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demographic features of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.




Contents






  • 1 Demographic trends


  • 2 CIA World Factbook demographic statistics


    • 2.1 Ethnic groups


    • 2.2 Languages


    • 2.3 Religion


    • 2.4 Population


    • 2.5 Age structure


    • 2.6 Population growth rate


    • 2.7 Net migration rate


    • 2.8 Sex ratio


    • 2.9 Life expectancy at birth


    • 2.10 Education


    • 2.11 Literacy




  • 3 Vital statistics


    • 3.1 UN estimates[10]


    • 3.2 Births and deaths[11][12]


    • 3.3 Life Expectancy[13]


    • 3.4 Fertility rate


    • 3.5 Population pyramids[15]




  • 4 Birth rate


  • 5 See also


  • 6 References


  • 7 External links





Demographic trends


Tajikistan's main ethnic group are the Tajiks, with minorities such as the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, and a small Russian minority. Because not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a Tajikistani, while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves Tajik.


Contemporary Tajiks are an Iranian people. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.[1]


Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either nomadic or sedentary - and place of residence. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and Uzbek peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.[1]


Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.[2]



CIA World Factbook demographic statistics


The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,[3] unless otherwise indicated.



Ethnic groups





Two young Tajik women




  • Tajik 84.3%


  • Uzbek 13.8%

  • Other 2% (includes Kyrgyz, Russian, Turkmen, Tatar, Arab)


Ethnic makeup according to the population censuses from 1926 to 2000 (in thousands)[4][5][6]

Note: The category Tajiks also includes approximately 135,000 ethnic Pamiris, of which 65% are Shughni speakers, 13% are Rushani speakers, 12% speak Wakhi, 5% are Bartangi speakers, 3% are Yazgulyami speakers, 1.5% speak Khufi, and 0.8% are Ishkashimi speakers. In addition there are 5,000 speakers of Yagnobi. According to the 2000 census, excluding the people whose native languages are Pamiri or Yagnobi, Tajiks account for 77.6% of the population.













































































































































































































Population of Tajikistan according to ethnic group 1926–2000
Ethnic
group
census 19261
census 19392
census 19593
census 19704
census 19795
census 19896
census 2000
census 20108
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%
Number
%

Tajiks
617,125
74.6
883,966
59.5
1,051,164
53.1
1,629,920
56.2
2,237,048
58.8
3,172,420
62.3
4,898,400
79.9
6,373,834
84.3

Yagnobi
1,829
0.2

Uzbeks
175,627
21.2
353,478
23.8
454,433
23.0
665,662
23.0
873,199
22.9
1,197,841
23.5
1,012,5007
16.5
1,046,6479
13.8

Kyrgyz
11,410
1.4
27,968
1.9
25,635
1.3
35,485
1.2
48,376
1.3
63,832
1.3
65,500
1.1
60,715
0.8

Russians
5,638
0.7
134,916
9.1
262,610
13.3
344,109
11.9
395,089
10.4
388,481
7.6
68,200
1.1
34,838
0.5

Turkmen
4,148
0.5
4,040
0.3
7,115
0.4
11,043
0.4
13,991
0.4
20,487
0.4
20,300
0.3
15,171
0.2

Tatars
950
0.1
18,296
1.2
56,893
2.9
70,803
2.4
79,529
2.1
79,442
1.6
19,000
0.3
6,495
0.1

Arabs
3,260
0.4
2,290
0.2
1,297
0.1
248
0.0
176
0.0
276
0.0
14,500
0.2
4,184
0.1
Others
7,180
0.9
60,137
4.0
120,750
6.1
142,332
4.9
158,812
4.2
169,824
3.3
29,100
0.5
22,618
0.3
Total
827,167
1,485,091
1,979,897
2,899,602
3,806,220
5,092,603
6,127,500
7,564,502

1 Source: [3]. 2 Source: [4]. 3 Source: [5]. 4 Source: [6]. 5 Source: [7]. 6 Source: [8] 7 including 51,000 Lakai, 15,100 Kongrat, 4,900 Katagan, 3,700 Barlos and 1,100 Yuz. 8 Source: [9], p. 7. 9 including 65,555 Lakai, 38,078 Kongrat, 7,601 Katagan, 5,271 Barlos and 3,798 Yuz .


Languages


Several dialects of Persian (Central Asian dialects of Persian) are spoken in Tajikistan and it is its official language (officially referred to as Tajik).[7]Russian is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Khowar.[8] In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as well as other Pamir languages are spoken. In the northern Yaghnob valley, the Yaghnobi language is still spoken.



Religion




A religious scholar from Tajikistan (2005)





  • Sunni Islam 95%


  • Shia Islam 3%

  • Other 2%



Population


7,349,145 (2009 est.)


8,734,951 (2016) [9]



Age structure


0–14 years: 34.3% (male 1,282,681/female 1,238,607)

15–64 years: 62.1% (male 2,260,552/female 2,303,034)

65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,334/female 151,937) (2009 est.)



Population growth rate


1.88% (2009 est.)


2.21% (2013-2014 est.) (source:www.stat.tj)



Net migration rate


-1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)



Sex ratio


at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15–64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.74 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)



Life expectancy at birth


total population:
65.33 years

male:
62.29 years

female:
68.52 years (2009 est.)



Education


Education is required through high school (12 years of schooling) but completion rate is under 90%;



Literacy


definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99.5%

male:
99.7%

female:
99.2% (2000 census)



Vital statistics



UN estimates[10]



















































































































































Period
Live births per year
Deaths per year
Natural change per year
CBR1
CDR1
NC1
TFR1
IMR1
1950-1955
74 000
20 000
54 000
44.7
12.2
32.5
6.00
160.0
1955-1960
89 000
26 000
63 000
46.1
13.4
32.7
6.20
151.1
1960-1965
111 000
30 000
81 000
48.5
13.1
35.3
6.30
142.3
1965-1970
110 000
30 000
80 000
40.5
11.1
29.4
6.72
133.4
1970-1975
127 000
30 000
97 000
39.7
9.4
30.3
6.83
124.6
1975-1980
138 000
33 000
105 000
37.2
8.9
28.4
5.90
115.7
1980-1985
164 000
34 000
130 000
38.6
8.0
30.6
5.54
106.9
1985-1990
198 000
34 000
164 000
40.2
7.0
33.2
5.41
98.0
1990-1995
206 000
52 000
154 000
37.2
9.4
27.7
4.88
88.2
1995-2000
195 000
49 000
146 000
32.7
8.2
24.5
4.29
79.6
2000-2005
185 000
45 000
140 000
29.4
7.1
22.2
3.81
63.0
2005-2010
187 000
43 000
144 000
28.1
6.4
21.6
3.45
56.0

1CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births


Births and deaths[11][12]



























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Average population (x 1000)
Live births in thousands
Deaths in thousands
Natural change
Crude birth rate (per 1000)
Crude death rate (per 1000)
Natural change (per 1000)
TFR
1950
1531,7
46,571
12,543
34,028
30.4
8.2
22.2
1951
1586,8
48,407
12,384
36,023
30.5
7.8
22.7
1952
1642,5
54,931
12,562
42,369
33.4
7.6
25.8
1953
1685,8
54,697
14,530
40,167
32.4
8.6
23.8
1954
1731,7
56,946
13,045
43,901
32.9
7.5
25.4
1955
1782,8
60,335
15,812
44,523
33.8
8.9
25.0
1956
1838,4
62,960
10,894
52,066
34.2
5.9
28.3
1957
1900,4
62,966
10,838
52,128
33.1
5.7
27.4
1958
1955,0
56,826
11,548
45,278
29.1
5.9
23.2
1959
2011,4
60,978
11,024
49,954
30.3
5.5
24.8
1960
2082,5
69,715
10,670
59,045
33.5
5.1
28.4
1961
2165,9
73,653
11,035
62,618
34.0
5.1
28.9
1962
2255,9
75,909
13,001
62,908
33.6
5.8
27.8
1963
2341,8
80,733
13,042
67,691
34.5
5.6
28.9
1964
2426,1
84,300
13,132
71,168
34.7
5.4
29.3
1965
2512,4
92,448
16,474
75,974
36.8
6.6
30.2
1966
2594,2
91,825
15,491
76,334
35.4
6.0
29.4
1967
2673,8
93,988
17,546
76,442
35.2
6.6
28.6
1968
2761,0
101,462
16,577
84,885
36.7
6.0
30.7
1969
2851,5
98,831
17,390
81,441
34.7
6.1
28.6
1970
2942,1
102,201
18,686
83,515
34.8
6.4
28.4
1971
3044,4
111,839
17,173
94,666
36.8
5.7
31.1
1972
3148,2
111,069
19,895
91,174
35.3
6.3
29.0
1973
3244,4
115,157
23,343
91,814
35.5
7.2
28.3
1974
3344,8
123,338
24,923
98,415
36.9
7.5
29.4
1975
3446,6
127,464
27,965
99,499
37.0
8.1
28.9
1976
3549,3
135,243
30,101
105,142
38.2
8.5
29.7
1977
3652,9
132,875
32,110
100,765
36.4
8.8
27.6
1978
3752,7
140,622
31,048
109,574
37.5
8.3
29.2
1979
3852,2
145,431
29,822
115,609
37.8
7.7
30.1
1980
3954,5
146,422
31,830
114,592
37.0
8.0
29.0
1981
4060,4
155,508
31,637
123,871
38.3
7.8
30.5
1982
4173,2
159,571
32,053
127,518
38.2
7.7
30.5
1983
4293,1
164,710
32,553
132,157
38.3
7.6
30.7
1984
4419,9
176,197
32,872
143,325
39.8
7.4
32.4
1985
4558,1
182,716
32,014
150,702
40.0
7.0
33.0
1986
4707,9
198,647
31,993
166,654
42.1
6.8
35.3
1987
4861,6
204,450
33,543
170,907
41.9
6.9
35.0
1988
5013,0
201,864
35,334
166,530
40.2
7.0
33.2
1989
5165,9
200,430
33,395
167,035
38.7
6.5
32.3
1990
5302,4
205,813
33,020
172,793
38.8
6.2
32.6
1991
5433,3
212,598
33,067
179,531
39.1
6.1
33.0
1992
5536,4
179,534
36,718
142,816
32.4
6.6
25.8
1993
5573,4
186,504
49,326
137,178
33.5
8.9
24.6
1994
5606,8
191,596
39,943
151,653
34.2
7.1
27.0
1995
5667,7
193,182
34,274
158,908
34.1
6.0
28.0
1996
5735,3
172,341
31,792
140,549
30.0
5.5
24.5
1997
5822,5
178,127
28,710
149,417
30.6
4.9
25.7
1998
5938,6
185,733
27,397
158,336
31.3
4.6
26.7
1999
6064,1
180,888
25,495
155,393
29.8
4.2
25.6
2000
6196,5
167,246
29,387
137,859
27.0
4.7
22.3
2001
6317,9
171,623
32,015
139,608
27.2
5.1
22.1
2002
6429,2
175,599
31,142
144,457
27.3
4.8
22.4
2003
6543,0
177,938
33,185
144,753
27.1
5.1
22.0
2004
6658,9
179,563
29,741
149,822
26.8
4.4
22.3
2005
6780,6
180,790
31,520
149,270
26.4
4.6
21.8
2006
6903,9
186,463
31,990
154,473
26.7
4.6
22.1
2007
7031,2
200,010
33,686
166,324
28.1
4.7
23.3
2008
7173,8
203,332
31,996
171,336
27.9
4.4
23.5
2009
7334,1
199,826
32,332
167,504
26.8
4.3
22.5
2010
7519,3
239,805
33,343
206,462
31.7
4.4
27.3
2011
7714,2
224,178
33,855
190,323
29.1
4.4
24.7
2012
7897,3
219,281
33,972
185,309
27.8
4.3
23.5
2013
8074,3
209,417
31,706
177,711
25.9
3.9
22.0
2014
8246,0
229,460
32,879
196,581
27.8
4.0
23.8
2.98
2015
8551,2
237,500
33,500
204,000
28.1
4.0
24.1

2016
8742,8
229,998
34,102
195,896
26.6
3.9
22.7

2017
8931,2
224,100
32,000
192,000
25.4
3.6
21.7



Life Expectancy[13]



















































Period
Life expectancy in
Years
Period
Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955
53.1
1985–1990
64.1
1955–1960
55.1
1990–1995
62.3
1960–1965
57.2
1995–2000
64.5
1965–1970
59.3
2000–2005
66.4
1970–1975
60.8
2005–2010
68.7
1975–1980
62.1
2010–2015
70.4
1980–1985
63.2




Fertility rate


Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate) [14]:






























Year
CBR (Total)
TFR (Total)
CBR (Urban)
TFR (Urban)
CBR (Rural)
TFR (Rural)
2012
33.9
3.8 (3.3)
28.9
3.3 (2.9)
35.6
3.9 (3.4)
2017
33.4
3.8 (3.5)
25.6
3.0 (2.8)
36.1
4.0 (3.7)


Population pyramids[15]



Estimates (01/07/2012)


Estimates (01/07/2012) :




































































































































































Age group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
3 987 517
3 909 796
7 897 313
100
0-4
555 543
522 110
1 077 653
13.65
5-9
437 711
414 701
852 412
10.79
10-14
440 884
419 105
859 989
10.89
15-19
436 357
420 499
856 856
10.85
20-24
429 738
424 831
854 569
10.82
25-29
363 432
358 886
722 318
9.15
30-34
271 966
265 850
537 816
6.81
35-39
225 366
227 780
453 146
5.74
40-44
202 816
208 317
411 132
5.21
45-49
181 790
189 145
370 934
4.70
50-54
156 158
160 512
316 669
4.01
55-59
100 176
104 798
204 974
2.60
60-64
64 192
67 836
132 028
1.67
65-69
36 014
33 300
69 314
0.88
70-74
38 813
38 360
77 172
0.98
75-79
24 913
28 119
53 032
0.67
80-84
14 691
16 110
30 801
0.39
85-89
5 432
6 682
12 114
0.15
90-94
1 211
2 114
3 324
0.04
95-99
268
491
758
0.01
100+
52
257
309
<0.01






























Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0-14
1 434 138
1 355 916
2 790 054
35.33
15-64
2 431 985
2 428 447
4 860 432
61.55
65+
121 394
125 433
246 827
3.13




Estimates (01/07/2013)


Estimates (01/07/2013) :




































































































































































Age group
Male
Female
Total
%
Total
4 078 857
3 995 409
8 074 266
100
0-4
564 736
528 451
1 093 187
13.54
5-9
453 224
428 754
881 978
10.92
10-14
437 293
415 432
852 725
10.56
15-19
440 389
422 520
862 909
10.69
20-24
428 230
422 055
850 284
10.53
25-29
382 376
379 040
761 416
9.43
30-34
286 675
279 681
566 356
7.01
35-39
230 478
231 505
461 983
5.72
40-44
206 328
211 812
418 139
5.18
45-49
184 234
191 988
376 222
4.66
50-54
163 910
168 577
332 487
4.12
55-59
108 532
113 347
221 879
2.75
60-64
69 788
74 346
144 133
1.79
65-69
37 799
36 790
74 589
0.92
70-74
37 495
36 388
73 883
0.92
75-79
25 173
28 084
53 256
0.66
80-84
14 482
16 838
31 319
0.39
85-89
6 091
7 046
13 136
0.16
90-94
1 301
2 108
3 408
0.04
95-99
262
434
696
0.01
100+
69
218
287
<0.01






























Age group
Male
Female
Total
Percent
0-14
1 455 253
1 372 637
2 827 890
35.02
15-64
2 500 932
2 494 866
4 995 798
61.87
65+
122 672
127 906
250 578
3.10




Birth rate


There were slightly over 224 thousand births in Tajikistan in 2017, down from 230 thousand in 2016. [16] Most births occurred in Khatlon Region (89 thousand births), followed by Sughd Region (61 thousand births) and the Districts of Republican Subordination (53 thousand births). The least number of births is recorded in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in eastern Tajikistan, with around 5,700 births. Dushanbe city recorded approximately 15,500 births in 2017.


The crude birth rate for Tajikistan was 25.4‰ in 2017, down from 28.1‰ two years earlier (in 2015). Khatlon Region has the highest birth rate (28.1‰) in 2017, while the city of Dushanbe has the lowest birth rate with 18.8‰.































































































Crude birth rate by division from 2000 to 2017 [17]
Division 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2017
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region 17.4 20.3 19.2 23.8 17.3 18.4 19.8 21.9 23.7 25.7
Sughd Region 25.1 25.4 23.9 24.0 25.8 29.4 27.6 28.2 24.9 23.7
Khatlon Region 28.6 29.0 31.9 29.4 30.5 31.1 29.4 31.1 30.0 28.1
Dushanbe city 28.5 25.6 20.9 20.4 25.6 24.1 22.8 16.5 17.5 18.8
Districts of Republican Subordination 28.1 28.8 26.0 27.9 28.8 30.2 28.5 27.5 27.5 25.9
Tajikistan 27.0 27.3 26.8 26.7 27.9 29.4 27.8 27.8 26.6 25.4


See also


  • Demographics of Central Asia


References





  1. ^ ab Library of Congress Country Studies - Tajikistan - Historical & Ethnic Background - 1996


  2. ^ "Jewish music of Bukhara? Alaev Family's got it". August 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  3. ^ "Central Asia :: TAJIKISTAN". CIA The World Factbook.


  4. ^ Results of the 2000 population census in Tajikistan. Archived 2011-08-25 at WebCite


  5. ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2013). "Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980". Asian Population Studies. 9 (1): 50–77. doi:10.1080/17441730.2012.752238.


  6. ^ Spoorenberg, Thomas (2015). "Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia". Asian Population Studies. 11 (2): 115–133. doi:10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275.


  7. ^ Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, November 6, 1994, Article 2.


  8. ^ "Ethnologue report for Languages of Tajikistan". SIL International. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 5 May 2012.


  9. ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision". ESA.UN.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 10 September 2017.


  10. ^ World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived May 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine


  11. ^ Official Tajikistan Government Statistic


  12. ^ Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 [Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935] (in Russian). Demoscope.ru. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.


  13. ^ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.


  14. ^ http://www.dhsprogram.com/ (Demographic Health Survey)


  15. ^ "Demographic Yearbook". UN Data. United Nations. Retrieved 4 December 2015.


  16. ^ Number of births, 2000-2017 [1]


  17. ^ [2]




External links







  • Ethnolinguistic map of Tajikistan by Iraj Bashiri

  • Dr. Kurbanov, Ruslan. Majority Minoritized by Government: Muslims in Tajikistan. OnIslam.net. May 19, 2012.











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