Parvaneh Forouhar



































Parvaneh Forouhar
01-ParvanehEskandariForouhar.jpg
Born
Parvaneh Majd Eskandari


20 March 1939

Tehran, Iran
Died 22 November 1998(1998-11-22) (aged 59)
Tehran, Iran
Nationality Iranian
Occupation Teacher
Political party Party of the Iranian Nation
Spouse(s) Dariush Forouhar
Children
Parastou Forouhar Arash Forouhar

Parvaneh Forouhar (Persian: پروانه‌ فروهر‎) née Eskandari (Persian: اسکندری‎) (20 March 1939 – 22 November 1998) was an Iranian dissident and activist who was murdered during the Chain Murders of Iran in November 1998.[1]




Contents






  • 1 Biography


  • 2 See also


  • 3 References


  • 4 External links





Biography


Dariush Forouhar's wife, she became a member of the Party of the Iranian Nation when she was a university student, launching an anti-Shah campaign alongside Dariush Forouhar. After a while, they got married. Their witness in absentia was Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh and the clergyman marrying the couple was Ayatollah Zanjani.


Both of the Forouhars were proponents of a democratic and independent Iran and supported the separation of state and religion, they felt that the Islamic Republic led to a concentration of power and made political reform difficult.[2]


Parvaneh Majd Eskandari was stabbed 25 times on the second floor of her home while she was very ill. She was 60 years old at the time of her death. They are survived by a daughter, Parastou Forouhar and a son, Arash Forouhar. Before her death, she had told human rights watchdogs based in New York: "We are living with the fear of being killed. Every night when we go to bed we thank God the Almighty for His blessing of living for another day."


Concerning her mother, Parastou believes: "At the time of her death my mother was wearing an overall over her sleeping gown which indicates that she was not waiting for anyone and because she was killed in front of the wardrobe where family documents were usually kept, she had most probably gone upstairs to fetch the deeds of the house to use it for release of my father on bail."


The death of Parvaneh Eskandari Forouhar and Dariush Forouhar was followed by the assassinations of Mohammad Mokhtari and Mohammad-Ja'far Pouyandeh, two well known Iranian writers a few days later. The Iranian Ministry of Intelligence later denied responsibility for these assassinations[3] and claimed the Ministry employees had acted on his own accord. As of 2014, the government still refuses to allow the families of the victims to hold any vigils or ceremonies for their loved ones.[1]



See also



  • 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners

  • Chain murders of Iran

  • List of Iranian women



References





  1. ^ ab "Iranian security forces stop ceremony for slain dissidents". Payvand Iran News. Radio Zamaneh. November 24, 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2014..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "One Person's Story". Human Rights & Democracy for Iran. Retrieved December 28, 2014.


  3. ^ "Parastoo Forouhar Banned From Leaving Iran". Payvand Iran News. Radio Zamaneh. December 8, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2014.




External links







  • Parvaneh Forouhar memorial by the Abdorrahman Boroumand Foundation

  • Interview with son, Arash Forouhar from Iranian.com


  • An open letter from the Human Right Watch to Iranian president 25 November 1998


  • (English) page dedicated to Forouhars


  • (in German) Parastou Forouhar's website


  • (in Persian) Website dedicated to the Forouhars









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