Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales




























Lord Chief Justice
of England and Wales

Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg
The Judiciary of England and Wales


Incumbent
Lord Burnett of Maldon (Lord Burnett)

since 2 October 2017
Style The Right Honourable
Nominator Judicial Appointments Commission
Appointer
Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom,
On the recommendation of the Secretary of State for Justice in his capacity as Lord Chancellor,
And on the advice of Her Ministers
Formation 1 November 1875






















The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales is the Head of the Judiciary of England and Wales and the President of the Courts of England and Wales.


Historically, he (or she) was the second-highest judge of the Courts of England and Wales, after the Lord Chancellor, but became the top judge as a result of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005, which removed the judicial functions from the office of Lord Chancellor, altered the duties of the Lord Chief Justice and changed the relationship between the two offices. The Lord Chief Justice ordinarily serves as President of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal and Head of Criminal Justice, but under the 2005 Act can appoint another judge to these positions.


The Lord Chief Justice's equivalent in Scotland is the Lord President of the Court of Session, who also holds the post of Lord Justice-General in the High Court of Justiciary. There is also a Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, successor to the Lord Chief Justice of Ireland of the pre-Partition era. For the entire United Kingdom judiciary, there is a President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, though that court does not have final jurisdiction over Scottish criminal law.


The current Lord Chief Justice is Lord Burnett of Maldon (Lord Burnett), who assumed the role on 2 October 2017.




Contents






  • 1 History


    • 1.1 Constitutional Reform Act 2005




  • 2 Lord Chief Justices of England, King's (Queen's) Bench, to 1875


  • 3 Lord Chief Justices of England (later England and Wales) 1875–present


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 Bibliography





History


Originally, each of the three high common law courts, the King's Bench, the Court of Common Pleas, and the Court of the Exchequer, had its own chief justice: the Lord Chief Justice, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer. The Court of the King's (or Queen's) Bench had existed since 1234. In 1268 its foremost judge was given the title of (lord) chief justice before when one of the justices would be considered the senior judge, and fulfil an analogous role. The three courts became divisions of the High Court in 1875, and following the deaths of the Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chief Baron in 1880, the three were merged into a single division (first held by the last Chief Justice of Common Pleas) creating a single Lord Chief Justice of England.


The suffix "and Wales", now found in statutes and elsewhere, was unilaterally appended by holder Lord Bingham of Cornhill between 1996 and 2000.



Constitutional Reform Act 2005


The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (CRA) made the Lord Chief Justice the president of the Courts of England and Wales, vesting the office with many of the powers formerly held by the Lord Chancellor. While the Lord Chief Justice retains the role of President of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal, the CRA separated the role of President of the Queen's Bench Division; the changed chief justice role was first held by Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers. The CRA provides that he or she is chosen by a specially appointed committee convened by the Judicial Appointments Commission.



Lord Chief Justices of England, King's (Queen's) Bench, to 1875







































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Portrait Lord Chief Justice From Until Remarks
William de Raley 1234 1239
Sir Stephen de Segrave
1239 1241
William of York 1241 1247
Henry of Bath 1249 1251
Sir Gilbert of Seagrave
1251 1253
Henry of Bath 1253 1260
Sir William of Wilton
1261 1263
Nicholas de Turri 1265 1267
Sir Robert de Briwes
1268 6 November 1269
Richard of Staines 6 November 1269 1273
Martin of Littlebury 1273 1274
Ralph de Hengham.jpg Ralph de Hengham 1274 1290
Gilbert de Thornton 1290 1296
Sir Roger Brabazon
1296 March 1316
Sir William Inge
March 1316 15 June 1317
Sir Henry le Scrope
15 June 1317 September 1323
Hervey de Stanton September 1323 21 March 1324
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope
21 March 1324 1 May 1329
Sir Robert de Malberthorp
1 May 1329 28 October 1329
Sir Henry le Scrope
28 October 1329 19 December 1330
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope
19 December 1330 28 March 1332
Sir Richard de Willoughby
28 March 1332 20 September 1332
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope
20 September 1332 10 September 1333
Sir Richard de Willoughby
10 September 1333 1337
Sir Geoffrey le Scrope
1337 October 1338
Sir Richard de Willoughby
October 1338 21 July 1340
Sir Robert Parning
21 July 1340 8 January 1341
Sir William Scott
8 January 1341 26 November 1346
Sir William de Thorpe
26 November 1346 26 October 1350
Sir William de Shareshull
26 October 1350 24 May 1361
Sir Henry Green
24 May 1361 29 October 1365
Sir John Knyvet
29 October 1365 15 July 1372
Sir John de Cavendish
15 July 1372 14 June 1381 murdered in the Peasants' Revolt
Sir Robert Tresilian
22 June 1381 17 November 1387
Sir Walter Clopton
31 January 1388 21 October 1400
Sir William Gascoigne
15 November 1400 29 March 1413
Sir William Hankford
29 March 1413 12 December 1423
Sir William Cheyne
21 January 1424 20 January 1439
Sir John Juyn
20 January 1439 24 March 1440
Sir John Hody
13 April 1440 25 January 1442
Portrait of Sir John Fortescue (1663) by William Faithorne - cropped.jpg Sir John Fortescue
25 January 1442 13 May 1461
Sir John Markham
13 May 1461 23 January 1469
Sir Thomas Billing
23 January 1469 5 May 1481
Sir William Hussey
7 May 1481 8 September 1495
Sir John Fineux
24 November 1495 23 January 1526
Sir John FitzJames
23 January 1526 21 January 1539
SirEdwardMontagu.jpg Sir Edward Montagu
21 January 1539 9 November 1545
Sir Richard Lyster
9 November 1545 21 March 1552
Sir Roger Cholmeley
21 March 1552 4 October 1553
Wroxeter St Andrews - Effigy of Thomas Bromley.JPG Sir Thomas Bromley
4 October 1553 11 June 1555
Sir William Portman
11 June 1555 8 May 1557
Sir Edward Saunders
8 May 1557 22 January 1559
Sir Robert Catlyn
22 January 1559 8 November 1574
SirChristopherWrayColour.jpg Sir Christopher Wray
8 November 1574 2 June 1592
SirJohnPopham.jpg Sir John Popham
2 June 1592 25 June 1607
Sir Thomas Fleming by Marcus Gheeraerts.jpg Sir Thomas Fleming
25 June 1607 25 October 1613
Edward Coke LCJ.jpg Sir Edward Coke
25 October 1613 16 November 1616
1stEarlOfManchester cropped.jpg Sir Henry Montagu
16 November 1616 29 January 1621
James Ley, 1st Earl of Marlborough.jpg Sir James Ley
29 January 1621 26 January 1625
Sir Randall Crewe LCJ.jpg Sir Ranulph Crewe
26 January 1625 5 February 1627
Nicholas Hyde LCJ.png Sir Nicholas Hyde
5 February 1627 24 October 1631

SirThomasRichardsonCrop.jpg
Sir Thomas Richardson
24 October 1631
4 February 1635
Died in office

SirJohnBramston.jpg
Sir John Bramston
14 April 1635
31 October 1642


Sir Robert Heath LCJ.jpg
Sir Robert Heath
31 October 1642
October 1645


HenryRolle.jpg
Sir Henry Rolle
12 October 1648
15 June 1655


John Glynne (1602-1666), by follower of Sir Peter Lely.jpg

John Glynne
15 June 1655
17 January 1660
Knighted in 1660
Sir Richard Newdigate
17 January 1660
1 October 1660

Sir Robert Foster
21 October 1660
4 October 1663
First Chief Justice after the Restoration; died in office

Sir Robert Hyde LCJ.jpg
Sir Robert Hyde
19 October 1663
1 May 1665
Died in office
Sir John Kelynge
21 November 1665
9 May 1671
Died in office

Sir Matthew Hale LCJ by JM Wright.jpg
Sir Matthew Hale
18 May 1671
20 February 1676
Formerly Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer 1660–1671

Sir Richard Rainsford by Gerard Soest.jpg
Sir Richard Raynsford
12 April 1676
31 May 1678


Sir William Scroggs by John Michael Wright.jpg
Sir William Scroggs
31 May 1678
11 April 1681


Sir Francis Pemberton(1624-1697).jpg
Sir Francis Pemberton
11 April 1681
28 September 1683
Later Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in 1683

George Lord Jeffreys LCJ by Godfrey Kneller.jpg
Sir George Jeffreys
(Lord Jeffreys from 1685)

28 September 1683
23 October 1685
Lord Chancellor 1685–1688
Sir Edward Herbert
23 October 1685
22 April 1687
Later Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1687–1689

SirRobertWright.jpg
Sir Robert Wright
22 April 1687
17 April 1689
Briefly Chief Justice of the Common Pleas in April 1687

Sir John Holt by Richard Van Bleeck.jpg
Sir John Holt
17 April 1689
5 March 1710
Died in office

Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt.jpg
Sir Thomas Parker
(Lord Parker from 1714)

11 March 1710
15 May 1718
Regent of Great Britain from 1 August to 18 September 1714; later Lord Chancellor 1718–1725, created Earl of Macclesfield in 1721; impeached for corruption in 1725

Sir John Pratt by Michael Dahl.jpg
Sir John Pratt
15 May 1718
24 February 1725
Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1721

Robert Raymond by John Vanderbank.jpg
Sir Robert Raymond
(Lord Raymond from 1731)

2 March 1725
31 October 1733
Previously Attorney General 1720–1724; died in office

Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke (1690-1764) by William Hoare of Bath.jpg

Lord Hardwicke
31 October 1733
8 June 1737
Previously Attorney General 1724–1733; later Lord Chancellor 1737–1756 and created Earl of Hardwicke in 1754

Sir William Lee by C.F. Barker cropped.jpg
Sir William Lee
8 June 1737
8 April 1754
Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1754; died in office
Sir Dudley Ryder
2 May 1754
25 May 1756
Previously Attorney General 1737–1754; died in office

William Murray, Earl of Mansfield LCJ.jpg

Lord Mansfield
(Earl of Mansfield from 1776)

8 November 1756
4 June 1788
Previously Attorney General 1754–1756; Lord Speaker in 1783

Lord Kenyon by Wm Holl.jpg

Lord Kenyon
4 June 1788
4 April 1802
Previously Attorney General 1782–1783 1783–1784 and Master of the Rolls 1784–1788; died in office

Lord-ellenborough.jpg

Lord Ellenborough
11 April 1802
2 November 1818
Previously Attorney General 1801–1802; interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1806

Lord Tenterden LCJ by William Owen.jpg
Sir Charles Abbott
(Lord Tenterden from 1827)

2 November 1818
4 November 1832
Interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1827; died in office

Thomas Denman, 1st Baron Denman by Sir Martin Archer Shee crop.jpg
Sir Thomas Denman
(Lord Denman from 1834)

4 November 1832
5 March 1850
Previously Attorney General 1830–1832; interim Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1834

1stBaronCampbell.JPG

Lord Campbell
5 March 1850
24 June 1859
Previously Attorney General 1834 and 1835–1841; briefly Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1841; later Lord Chancellor 1859–1861

Sir Alexander Cockburn LCJ by GF Watts.jpg

Sir Alexander Cockburn, Bt
24 June 1859
1 November 1875
Previously Attorney General 1851–1852 1852–1856 and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1856–1859.


Lord Chief Justices of England (later England and Wales) 1875–present















































































































































Portrait Lord Chief Justice From Until Remarks

Sir Alexander Cockburn LCJ by GF Watts.jpg

Sir Alexander Cockburn, Bt
1 November 1875
20 November 1880
Died in office

Lord Coleridge LCJ by EU Eddis.JPG

Lord Coleridge
29 November 1880
14 June 1894
Previously Attorney General 1871–1873 and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1873–1880; died in office

Charles Lord Russell LCJ by JD Penrose.png

Lord Russell of Killowen
11 July 1894
10 August 1900
Previously Attorney General 1886 1892–1894; first Catholic Lord Chief Justice; died in office

Portrait of Richard Webster, 1st Viscount Alverstone.jpg

Lord Alverstone
24 October 1900
21 October 1913
Previously Attorney-General 1885–1886 1886–1892 1895–1900 and Master of the Rolls in 1900; in retirement, created Viscount Alverstone in 1913

Sir Rufus Isaacs GGBain.jpg
Sir Rufus Isaacs
(Lord Reading from 1914,
Viscount Reading from 1916,
Earl of Reading from 1917)

21 October 1913
8 March 1921
Previously Attorney General 1910–1913; later Viceroy of India 1921–1925 and created Marquess of Reading in 1926; first Jewish Lord Chief Justice

1stLordTrevethin.jpg
Sir Alfred Lawrence
(Lord Trevethin from August 1921)

15 April 1921
2 March 1922


Gordon Hewart LCJ by John Lander.jpg

Lord Hewart
8 March 1922
12 October 1940
Previously Attorney General 1919–1922; in retirement, created Viscount Hewart in 1940

Thomas Inskip.jpg

Viscount Caldecote
14 October 1940
23 January 1946
Previously Attorney General 1928–1929 and 1932–1936 and Lord Chancellor 1939–1940

RaynerGoddard.jpg

Lord Goddard
23 January 1946
29 September 1958
Previously a law lord from 1944

The Lord Parker of Waddington.jpg

Lord Parker of Waddington
29 September 1958
20 April 1971


Lord Widgery
20 April 1971
15 April 1980


Lord Lane
15 April 1980
27 April 1992
Previously a law lord from 1979

Lord Taylor of Gosforth
27 April 1992
4 June 1996


Thomas Bingham, Baron Bingham of Cornhill.jpg

Lord Bingham of Cornhill
4 June 1996
6 June 2000
First Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales; Master of the Rolls 1992–1996; Senior Law Lord 2000–2008;

Preisverleihung der Toleranzringe der Europäischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste im Rathaus Köln-0061.jpg

Lord Woolf
6 June 2000
30 September 2005
Previously a law lord from 1992; Master of the Rolls from 1996–2000

Official portrait of Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers crop 2.jpg

Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers
30 September 2005
1 October 2008
Previously a law lord from 1999; Master of the Rolls 2000–2005; later Senior Law Lord 2008–2009 and President of the Supreme Court 2009–2012

Igor Judge 2007.jpg

Lord Judge
1 October 2008
30 September 2013
Previously Deputy Chief Justice of England and Wales 2003–2005

Official portrait of Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd crop 2.jpg

Lord Thomas of Cwmgiedd
1 October 2013
1 October 2017



Lord Burnett of Maldon (Lord Burnett)
2 October 2017
Incumbent



See also



  • Category:Lord Chief Justices of England and Wales

  • Category:English judges

  • Category:Judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales



References





Bibliography



  • Campbell, John (1874), Lives of the Chief Justices of England, in four volumes (two additional volumes were a "Continuation by Sir Joseph Arnould – Late Judge of the High Court of Bombay"), 3rd ed. London, John Murray 1874.









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