Harpalinae









































Harpalinae

Harpalini.jpg
Undetermined Harpalinae species

Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Coleoptera
Suborder:
Adephaga
Family:
Carabidae
Subfamily:
Harpalinae



Bonelli, 1810
Supertribes


  • Anthiitae

  • Chlaeniitae

  • Dryptitae

  • Harpalitae

  • Lebiitae

  • Pentagonicitae

  • Platynitae

  • Pterostichitae



Harpalinae is a huge subfamily of ground beetles that contains 20,000 species[citation needed]. A rarely used common name for the subfamily is the harp beetles[citation needed]. The Harpalinae contain the most apomorphic ground beetles, displaying a wide range of forms and behaviors. Some are, rare among ground beetles, omnivores or even herbivores.


Many closely related subfamilies have been treated as subordinate taxa of the Harpalinae by various authors. Among these are the Dryptinae, Lebiinae (including Cyclosominae, Mormolycinae, Odacanthinae, Perigoninae), Licininae (including Chlaeniinae, Oodinae), Orthogoniinae, Panagaeinae, Platyninae, Pseudomorphinae, Pterostichinae (including Zabrinae). Here, they are considered independent families within the harpaline (sensu lato) assemblage, and this is also tentatively assumed for the enigmatic monotypic genus Ginema.



Systematics


At least 4 large and several smaller supertribes can be distinguished. The former "Pterostichitae" on the other hand seem to be, as presently delimited, a paraphyletic assemblage, but probably also contains a number of tribes closer to each other than to other Harpalinae. The clade around the type genus Pterostichus is thus recognized as subfamily Pterostichinae here.[1]



Genera


The Harpalinae include the following genera:[2][verification needed]





Harpalus affinis





Chlaenius sp., larva





  • Acinopus Dejean, 1821


  • Acupalpus Latreille, 1829


  • Afromizonus Basilewsky, 1947


  • Agonidus Casey, 1914


  • Allendia Noonan, 1974


  • Allocinopus Broun, 1903


  • Allosiopelus Ito, 1995


  • Amblygnathus Dejean, 1829


  • Amblystomus Erichson, 1837


  • Amerinus Casey, 1884


  • Amphasia Newman, 1836


  • Angionychus Klug, 1853


  • Anisocnemus Chaudoir, 1843


  • Anisodactylus Dejean, 1829


  • Anisostichus Emden, 1953


  • Anomostomus Laferte-Senectere, 1853


  • Anthracus Motschulsky, 1850


  • Athrostictus Bates, 1878


  • Axinotoma Dejean, 1829


  • Aztecarpalus Ball, 1970


  • Barysomus Dejean, 1829


  • Batoscelis Dejean, 1836


  • Bleusea Bedel, 1897


  • Boeomimetes Peringuey, 1896


  • Bottchrus Jedlicka, 1935


  • Bradybaenus Dejean, 1829


  • Bradycellus Erichson, 1837


  • Bradycidus Casey, 1914


  • Bronislavia Semenov, 1891


  • Carenochyrus Solsky, 1874


  • Carterus Dejean, 1830


  • Cenogmus Sloane, 1898


  • Chilotomus Chaudoir, 1842


  • Chydaeus Chaudoir, 1854


  • Coleolissus Bates, 1892


  • Crasodactylus Guerin-Meneville, 1847


  • Cratacanthus Dejean, 1829


  • Cratognathus Dejean, 1829


  • Cratosoma Jeannel, 1948


  • Criniventer van Emdem, 1953


  • Cyptomicrus Vinson, 1939


  • Daptus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823


  • Diachromus Erichson, 1837


  • Dicheirotrichus Jacqelin du Val, 1857 (including Trichocellus)


  • Dicheirus Mannerheim, 1843


  • Dioryche W.S. MacLeay, 1825


  • Discoderus LeConte, 1853


  • Ditomus Bonelli, 1810


  • Dixus Billberg, 1820


  • Dregus Motscheisky, 1864


  • Ectinothorax Alluaud, 1941


  • Egadyla Alluaud, 1916


  • Eocarterus Stichel, 1923


  • Eriophonus Tschitscherine, 1901


  • Eucarterus Reitter, 1900


  • Euryderus LeConte, 1846


  • Euthenarus Bates, 1874


  • Gaioxenus Broun 1910


  • Geodromus Dejean, 1829


  • Geopinus LeConte, 1848


  • Gnathaphanus W.S. MacLeay, 1825


  • Goniocellus Casey, 1914


  • Graniger Motschulsky, 1864


  • Gugheorites Basilewsky, 1951


  • Gynandromorphus Dejean, 1829


  • Hakaharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005


  • Haplaner Chaudoir, 1878


  • Haplanister Moore, 1996


  • Harpalinus Jeannel, 1946


  • Harpalobrachys Tschitscherine, 1899


  • Harpalodiodes Bousquet, 2002


  • Harpalomimetes Schauberger, 1933


  • Harpalomorphus Peringuey, 1896


  • Harpalus Latreille, 1802 (including Harpalobrachys)


  • Harpathaumas Basilewsky, 1947


  • Harponixus Basilewsky, 1950


  • Hartonymus Casey, 1914


  • Hemiaulax Bates, 1892


  • Heteracantha Brulle, 1834


  • Hippoloetis Laporte, 1835


  • Hyphaereon W.S. MacLeay, 1825


  • Hypharpax W.S. McLeay, 1825


  • Idiomelas Tschitscherine, 1900


  • Indiophonus N.Ito, 1996


  • Kaffovatus Clarke, 1972


  • Kenyacus Alluaud, 1917


  • Kiwiharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005


  • Kupeharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005


  • Lecanomerus Chaudoir, 1850


  • Liochirus Tschitscherine, 1897


  • Liodaptus Bates, 1889


  • Lioholus Tschitscherine, 1897


  • Loxoncus Schmidt-Gobel, 1846


  • Machozetus Chaudoir, 1850


  • Maoriharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005


  • Meroctenus Gemminger et Harold, 1868


  • Microderes Faldermann, 1836


  • Nemaglossa Solier, 1849


  • Neoaulacoryssus Noonan, 1985


  • Neodiachipteryx Noonan, 1985


  • Neohyparpalus Clarke, 1981


  • Neophygas Noonan, 1976


  • Nesarpalus Bedel, 1897


  • Nipponoharpalus Habu, 1973


  • Nornalupia Kataev, 2002


  • Nothodaptus Maindron, 1906


  • Notiobia Perty, 1830


  • Notospeophonus Moore, 1962


  • Odontocarus Solier, 1835


  • Oedesis Motschulsky, 1850


  • Oesyperus Andrewes, 1923


  • Omostropus Peringuey, 1896


  • Ooidius Chaudoir, 1847


  • Oosoma Nietner, 1857


  • Ophoniscus Bates, 1892


  • Ophonus Dejean, 1821


  • Orthogenium Chaudoir, 1835


  • Oxycentrus Chaudoir, 1854


  • Pachycarus Solier, 1835


  • Pachytrachelus Chaudoir, 1852


  • Panagrius Andrewes, 1933


  • Pangus Dejean, 1821


  • Parabaris Broun, 1881


  • Paramecus Dejean, 1829


  • Parasiopelus Basilewsky, 1950


  • Paregaploa Muller, 1947


  • Parophonus Ganglbauer, [1891]


  • Paulianoscirtus Basilewsky, 1976


  • Pelmatellus Bates, 1882


  • Penthophonus Reitter, 1900


  • Penthus Chaudoir, 1843


  • Phanagnathus Basilewsky, 1950


  • Phobophorus Motschulsky, 1850


  • Pholeodytes Britton, 1962


  • Phorticosomus Shaum, 1863


  • Phyrometus Basilewsky, 1946


  • Piosoma LeConte, 1848


  • Platymetopsis Ball et Maddison, 1987


  • Platymetopus Dejean, 1829


  • Pogonodaptus Horn, 1881


  • Polpochila Solier, 1849


  • Prakasha Andrewes, 1919


  • Proditomus Schauberger, 1934


  • Progonochaetus J. Muller, 1938


  • Pseudanisotarsus Noonan, 1973


  • Pseudaristus Reitter, 1900


  • Pseudodiachipteryx Burgeon, 1936


  • Pseudognathaphanus Schauberger, 1932


  • Pseudohyparpalus Basilewsky, 1946


  • Pseudorhysopus Kataev et Wrase, 2001


  • Pseudoselenophorus Peringuey, 1896


  • Psychristus Andrewes, 1930


  • Rhabidius Basilewsky, 1948


  • Rhysopus Andrewes, 1929


  • Scybalicus Schaum, 1862


  • Selenophorus Dejean, 1831


  • Selenotichnus Kataev, 1999


  • Siopelus Murray, 1859


  • Stenolophidius Jeannel, 1948


  • Stenolophus Dejean, 1821


  • Stenomorphus Dejean, 1831


  • Syllectus Bates, 1878


  • Trachysarus Reed, 1874


  • Trichopselaphus Chaudoir, 1843


  • Trichotichnus A.Morawitz, 1863


  • Trichoxycentrus N. Ito, 2000


  • Triplosarus Bates, 1874


  • Tropicoritus Alluaud, 1917


  • Tschitscherinellus Csiki, 1906


  • Tuiharpalus Larochelle & Lariviere, 2005


  • Typsiharpalus Tschitscherine, 1901


  • Uenanthracus Kasahara, 1994


  • Veradia Castelnau, 1867


  • Xenodochus Andrewes, 1941


  • Xenophonus Muller, 1942


  • Xestonotus LeConte, 1853






References











  • .mw-parser-output .smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}
    Carabidae of the World Database (CWD) (2008): Trees of family Carabidae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-24.




  1. ^ CWD (2008)


  2. ^ "Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810". Carabidae of the World. 2012. Retrieved 11 Nov 2012..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}










-

這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

圖片
12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun Type 89 gun mounted on Chitose Type Naval gun anti-aircraft gun Place of origin Japan Service history In service 1932–45 Used by Imperial Japanese Navy Wars World War II Production history Designed 1928–32 Produced 1932–45 No.  built ~1500 Variants Type 88 Specifications Mass 3,100 kilograms (6,834 lb) Barrel length 5,080 millimeters (16 ft 8 in) (bore length) Shell Fixed Shell weight 20.9–23.45 kilograms (46.1–51.7 lb) Caliber 12.7-centimeter (5.0 in) Breech horizontal breech block Elevation -8° to +90° [1] Rate of fire 8-14 rounds per minute Muzzle velocity 720–725 meters per second (2,360–2,380 ft/s) Maximum firing range 9,440 meters (30,970 ft) at 90° (AA ceiling) 14,800 meters (48,600 ft) at 45° The 12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun was a Japanese anti-aircraft (AA) gun introduced before World War II. It was the Imperial Japanese Navy's standard heavy AA
閱讀完整內容

Shark

圖片
For other uses, see Shark (disambiguation). Sharks Temporal range: Ludfordian-Present, 425–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N [1] Clockwise from top left: spiny dogfish, Japanese sawshark, whale shark, great white shark, horn shark, frilled shark, scalloped hammerhead and Australian angelshark representing the orders Squaliformes, Pristiophoriformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, Heterodontiformes, Hexanchiformes, Carcharhiniformes and Squatiniformes respectively. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Infraclass: Euselachii Superorder: Selachimorpha Orders Carcharhiniformes Heterodontiformes Hexanchiformes Lamniformes Orectolobiformes Pristiophoriformes Squaliformes Squatiniformes † Cladoselachiformes † Hybodontiformes † Symmoriida † Xenacanthida (Xenacantiformes) † Elegestolepis † = extinct Synonyms Pleurotremata Sharks
閱讀完整內容

Wiciokrzew

圖片
Wiciokrzew, suchodrzew Morfologia (wiciokrzew pospolity) Systematyka [1] Domena eukarionty Królestwo rośliny Klad rośliny naczyniowe Klad rośliny nasienne Klasa okrytonasienne Klad astrowe Rząd szczeciowce Rodzina przewiertniowate Rodzaj wiciokrzew Nazwa systematyczna Lonicera L. Sp. Pl. 173. 1 Mai 1753 Typ nomenklatoryczny Lonicera caprifolium L. [2] Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Hasło w Wikisłowniku Kwiaty suchodrzewu pospolitego Owoce suchodrzewu pospolitego Kwiaty wiciokrzewu pomorskiego Kwiaty wiciokrzewu przewiercienia Wiciokrzew , suchodrzew ( Lonicera L.) – rodzaj roślin wieloletnich należący do rodziny przewiertniowatych ( Caprifoliaceae ). Rośliny zielne i pnące nazywane są wiciokrzewami, natomiast krzewy i niewielkie drzewa – suchodrzewami. Rodzaj liczy około 180 gatunków szeroko rozprzestrzenionych na całej półkuli północnej [3] [4]
閱讀完整內容