2014 European Parliament election in Italy





















2014 European Parliament election in Italy







← 2009
25 May 2014
2019 →


All 73 Italian seats to the European Parliament
Opinion polls
Turnout 57.22%[1]










































































 
First party
Second party
Third party
 

Matteo Renzi crop 2015.jpeg

Beppe Grillo 3.jpg

Silvio Berlusconi 2010 crop.jpg
Leader

Matteo Renzi

Beppe Grillo

Silvio Berlusconi
Party

Democratic Party

Five Star Movement

Forza Italia
Alliance

S&D

EFDD

EPP
Leader since
15 December 2013
4 October 2009
18 January 1994
Last election
26.1%
21 seats

new party
35.3% as PdL
29 seats
Seats won

31
17
13
Seat change

Increase10

Increase17

Decrease16
Popular vote

11,203,231
5,807,362
4,614,364
Percentage

40.8%
21.2%
16.8%
Swing

Increase14.7%

new

Decrease18.5%




European Election 2014 Italy.png
Legislative election results map. Red denotes provinces with a Democratic plurality, Azure denotes those with a Forza Italia plurality, Green denotes those with a Lega Nord plurality, Gray denotes those with a Regionalist plurality.


The European Parliament election of 2014 in Italy took place on 25 May 2014. Italy elected 73 MEPs out of 751 European Parliament seats.[2]


The governing Democratic Party (PD) won the election with 40.8% of the vote and 31 seats, followed by the Five Star Movement (21.2% and 17 seats) and Forza Italia (16.8% and 13 seats). As a result, the PD was the second largest national party in the European Parliament by number of seats after the German CDU/CSU and the largest among the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats.[3] The PD's score was also the best result for an Italian party in a nationwide election since the 1958 general election, when the Christian Democracy won 42.4% of the vote.


The other parties that have passed the national electoral threshold at 4% are Northern League (6.2% and 5 seats), New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre (4.4% and 3 seats) and The Other Europe (4.0% and 3 seats). The parties that haven't passed the electoral threshold and that haven't gained any seat are Brothers of Italy (3.7%), Green Italy – European Greens (0.9%), European Choice (0.7%), Italy of Values (0.7%) and I Change – Associative Movement Italians Abroad (0.2%).


The 4% threshold can be bypassed by parties representing linguistic minorities, provided they get more than 50,000 votes, in connection with a party gaining more than 4% of the vote. The South Tyrolean People's Party, representing the German-speaking minority of South Tyrol, won a seat thanks to its connection with the PD.




Contents






  • 1 Electoral system


  • 2 Political parties


    • 2.1 Summary of parties


    • 2.2 Top candidates




  • 3 Opinion polling


  • 4 Results


  • 5 References





Electoral system


The party-list proportional representation was the traditional electoral system of the Italian Republic since its foundation in 1946, so it had been adopted to elect the Italian representatives to the European Parliament too. Two levels were used: a national level to divide seats between parties, and a constituency level to distribute them between candidates. Italian regions were united in 5 constituencies, each electing a group of deputies. At national level, seats were divided between party lists using the largest remainder method with Hare quota. All seats gained by each party were automatically distributed to their local open lists and their most voted candidates.


In the run-up of the 2009 election, the Italian Parliament has introduced a national threshold of 4% in the electoral law for the European Parliament. However, the electoral law guarantees representation for linguistic minorities. The parties which represent minorities can be connected with the major parties for the purpose of elections, combining their votes. If the party of the linguistic minority gets more than 50,000 votes, it wins a seat.



Political parties



Summary of parties


In the following table the twelve parties/lists participating in the election are listed. The "alliance" column refers to the affiliations of outgoing MEPs.























































































































Party
Main ideology
Leader/s
Alliance
Seats
Notes


Forza Italia

Liberal conservatism

Silvio Berlusconi


EPP
ECR


16
1

PdL in 2009; incl. PID, UDEUR and MIR


Democratic Party

Social democracy

Matteo Renzi

S&D

23
Incl. PSI and ALPE


Northern League

Regionalism

Matteo Salvini


EFD
NI


5
1
Incl. DF and MPA


Italy of Values

Populism

Ignazio Messina

ALDE

4



New Centre-Right –
Union of the Centre

Christian democracy

Angelino Alfano

EPP

13
Coalition between NCD, UdC and Ppl


Five Star Movement

Populism

Beppe Grillo



0



Brothers of Italy

National conservatism

Giorgia Meloni


EPP
EFD


2
1
Split from PdL


The Other Europe

Democratic socialism

several



0
Coalition between SEL, PRC, VGV, Independents and other minor parties


European Choice

Liberalism

several

ECR


1
Coalition between SC, FiD, CD and other minor parties (PLI, PRI, CSR, etc.)


Green Italy –
European Greens

Green politics

several



0
Coalition between Green Italy and Federation of the Greens



I Change – MAIE


Centrism

Angelo Alessandri

EFD

1
Coalition between I Change and MAIE


South Tyrolean People's Party

Regionalism

Arno Kompatscher

EPP

1
Incl. PATT, UpT and SS


Top candidates


In the following table the top candidates of each party/list in the five constituencies are listed. In the case in which the party leader stands in all five of them as top candidate, also the second in the list is shown. The Five Star Movement's slates were compiled following the alphabetical order.[4][5][6]




































































































































Party

North-West

North-East

Centre

South

Islands
Source


Forza Italia

Giovanni Toti

Elisabetta Gardini

Antonio Tajani

Raffaele Fitto

Gianfranco Micciché

link


Democratic Party

Alessia Mosca

Alessandra Moretti

Simona Bonafé

Pina Picierno

Caterina Chinnici

link


Northern League


Matteo Salvini
Claudio Borghi


Matteo Salvini
Flavio Tosi



Matteo Salvini
Manuel Vescovi


Matteo Salvini
Angelo Attaguile (MPA)


Matteo Salvini
Francesca Donato

link


Italy of Values


Ignazio Messina
Giommaria Uggias


Ignazio Messina
Antonino Pipitone


Ignazio Messina
Paolo Brutti


Ignazio Messina
Aniello Di Nardo


Ignazio Messina
Giommaria Uggias

link


New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre


Maurizio Lupi (NCD)


Antonio Cancian (NCD)


Beatrice Lorenzin (NCD)


Lorenzo Cesa (UdC)

Giovanni La Via (NCD)

link


Five Star Movement

Gabriele Antonica
(alphabetical order)



Marco Affronte
(alphabetical order)



Laura Agea
(alphabetical order)



Isabella Adinolfi
(alphabetical order)



Ignazio Corrao
(alphabetical order)


link


Brothers of Italy


Giorgia Meloni
Guido Crosetto



Giorgia Meloni
Magdi Allam



Giorgia Meloni
Marco Scurria


Giorgia Meloni
Gianni Alemanno



Giorgia Meloni
Salvatore Deidda

link


The Other Europe

Curzio Maltese

Paola Morandin

Barbara Spinelli

Ermanno Rea

Barbara Spinelli

link


European Choice


Gianluca Susta
(SC)


Michele Boldrin
(FFD)


Stefania Giannini
(SC)


Bruno Tabacci
(CD)

Anna Busia
(CD)

link


Green Italy – European Greens

Oliviero Alotto (GI)

Syusy Blady

Annalisa Corrado (GI)

Vincenzo Fornaro

Fabio Granata (GI)

link



I Change – MAIE


Agostino D'Antuoni (IC)

Maria Cristina Sandrin

Claudio Morganti (IC)

Davide Vannoni

Davide Vannoni

link


South Tyrolean People's Party



Herbert Dorfmann







link


Opinion polling


Poll results are listed according to the date of publication of the survey. Detailed data are usually published in the official website of the Italian government. The publication of opinion polls during the last 15 days of the electoral campaign is forbidden by Italian law.
















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Date
Polling Firm

FI

PD

LN

UdC

M5S

SC

FdI

NCD

AET

SE
Others
Lead










9 May 2014

Epokè
16.3

30.2
6.8

w. NCD
22.6

w. SE
3.3
5.4
6.3
4.5
4.6
7.6
9 May 2014

Euromedia
20.9

31.4
5.8

w. NCD
25.0

w. SE
3.9
4.6
3.5
2.5
2.4
6.4
9 May 2014

EMG
19.7

33.2
5.1

w. NCD
25.0

w. SE
4.0
4.8
3.7
2.3
2.2
8.2
9 May 2014

IPR
18.8

32.7
5.5

w. NCD
25.0

w. SE
4.0
6.0
3.4
2.5
2.1
7.7
9 May 2014

Ixè
18.2

33.2


w. NCD
26.4

w. SE





6.8
9 May 2014

Ipsos
19.5

33.8
5.2

w. NCD
23.0

w. SE
4.0
6.4
3.0
3.0
2.1
10.8
9 May 2014

ISPO
18.1

34.9
4.9

w. NCD
23.7

w. SE
3.7
6.4
3.7
2.1
2.5
11.2
9 May 2014

Demos&Pi
17.5

32.8
4.5

w. NCD
22.0

w. SE
4.3
7.0
4.5
3.6
3.8
10.8
8 May 2014

Tecnè
21.7

28.8
4.9

w. NCD
27.7

w. SE
4.0
4.5
3.6
2.2
2.6
1.1
8 May 2014

SWG
19.1

34.8
5.6

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
2.8
5.2
3.7
2.1
2.7
10.8
8 May 2014

Demopolis
17.5

33.5
5.2

w. NCD
26.4

w. SE
4.1
5.7
4.0
2.0
1.6
7.1
8 May 2014

Piepoli
20.0

34.0
4.5

w. NCD
25.0

w. SE
3.5
5.0
3.5
2.5
2.0
9.0
7 May 2014

Euromedia
20.2

31.1
5.2

w. NCD
25.9

w. SE
3.9
4.9
3.5
2.4
2.9
5.2
7 May 2014

Datamedia
20.0

32.0
5.1

w. NCD
26.0

w. SE
3.9
5.1
3.5
2.0
2.4
6.0
7 May 2014

Lorien
19.0

34.0
5.5

w. NCD
23.0

w. SE
3.5
6.5
4.0
2.5
2.0
11.0
6 May 2014

Ipsos
19.4

33.9
5.0

w. NCD
23.9

w. SE
4.1
6.1
3.5
3.0
1.1
10.0
6 May 2014

Demopolis
17.4

33.0
5.3

w. NCD
25.5

w. SE
4.0
5.7
4.1
2.2
2.8
7.5
5 May 2014

IPR
19.0

32.3
5.2

w. NCD
26.0

w. SE
3.8
5.9
3.3
1.6
1.9
6.3
5 May 2014

EMG
19.8

33.6
4.9

w. NCD
24.6

w. SE
4.0
4.9
3.6
2.4
2.2
9.0
5 May 2014

SWG
18.2

35.2
5.5

w. NCD
24.2

w. SE
3.0
5.0
3.5
2.0
3.4
11.0
5 May 2014

Ixè
17.8

33.0
5.3

w. NCD
26.6

w. SE
3.9
4.8
3.8
2.0
2.8
6.4
3 May 2014

IPR
19.0

32.3
5.2

w. NCD
26.0

w. SE
3.8
5.6
3.3
1.6
2.2
6.3
3 May 2014

Ipsos
19.2

34.3
5.3

w. NCD
22.5

w. SE
3.9
6.1
3.3
3.0
2.4
11.8
3 May 2014

ScenariPolitici
17.5

29.8
7.5

w. NCD
27.5

w. SE
4.2
5.0
4.2
2.5
1.8
2.3
30 April 2014

Tecnè
21.3

28.9
5.3

w. NCD
27.4

w. SE
3.8
4.8
3.8
2.3
2.4
1.5
30 April 2014

Datamedia
20.0

31.5
5.1

w. NCD
25.5

w. SE
3.7
5.5
3.7
2.2
2.8
6.0
29 April 2014

Demopolis
17.0

33.2
5.4

w. NCD
25.0

w. SE
3.8
5.6
4.0
2.3
3.7
8.2
29 April 2014

Ipsos
19.3

34.4
5.1

w. NCD
23.7

w. SE
3.9
5.9
3.3
3.2
1.2
10.7
29 April 2014

Lorien
19.0

34.5
5.5

w. NCD
23.5

w. SE
3.0
6.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
11.0
29 April 2014

Piepoli
19.5

34.0
4.5

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
3.5
6.0
4.0
2.5
2.0
10.0
28 April 2014

IPR
19.0

32.7
5.0

w. NCD
25.0

w. SE
3.8
6.0
3.5
2.8
2.2
7.7
28 April 2014

EMG
19.6

33.1
4.5

w. NCD
24.4

w. SE
4.0
5.1
3.8
2.5
3.0
8.7
28 April 2014

SWG
18.0

35.4
5.6

w. NCD
21.9

w. SE
3.5
4.9
3.8
2.2
4.7
13.5
26 April 2014

Ipsos
19.0

34.9
5.4

w. NCD
21.6

w. SE
4.1
6.3
3.1
3.2
2.4
13.3
24 April 2014

Epokè
15.9

29.1
6.8

w. NCD
22.3

w. SE
2.6
6.2
6.1
5.0
6.0
6.8
24 April 2014

IPR
19.1

32.9
5.1

w. NCD
24.2

w. SE
3.8
5.6
3.7
3.0
2.6
8.7
24 April 2014

Tecnè
21.3

29.2
5.5

w. NCD
27.0

w. SE
3.7
5.0
3.7
2.4
2.2
2.2
24 April 2014

Ixè
17.5

32.1
5.0

w. NCD
27.4

w. SE
3.8
5.1
4.1
2.0
3.0
4.7
23 April 2014

Demopolis
18.0

34.0
5.2

w. NCD
23.8

w. SE
3.7
5.6
3.8
2.1
3.8
10.2
23 April 2014

Euromedia
20.1

32.0
5.0

w. NCD
25.3

w. SE
3.7
4.6
3.4
2.5
3.4
6.7
23 April 2014

Piepoli
19.0

34.0
4.5

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
3.5
6.0
4.0
2.5
2.5
10.0
23 April 2014

IPR
19.3

32.7
5.0

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
3.8
5.5
3.8
3.0
2.9
8.7
22 April 2014

EMG
20.3

33.8
4.4

w. NCD
23.4

w. SE
3.7
4.9
4.0
2.5
3.0
10.4
19 April 2014

ScenariPolitici
18.0

28.6
7.0

w. NCD
27.9

w. SE
4.2
6.0
4.8
2.5
1.0
0.7
19 April 2014

Ipsos
19.6

35.0
4.9

w. NCD
21.4

w. SE
3.8
6.4
2.9
3.5
2.5
13.6
18 April 2014

Ixè
18.0

32.8
5.2

w. NCD
25.8

w. SE
3.5
5.5
3.9
2.1
3.2
7.0
18 April 2014

SWG
18.2

35.8
5.0

w. NCD
22.7

w. SE
3.1
4.9
3.9
2.2
4.2
13.1
18 April 2014

Demopolis
17.0

33.5
5.4

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
3.6
5.5
3.5
2.0
5.5
9.5
17 April 2014

Tecnè
21.0

29.9
5.4

w. NCD
25.4

w. SE
3.8
5.4
4.1
2.6
2.4
4.5
16 April 2014

Datamedia
19.0

32.0
5.2

w. NCD
25.1

w. SE
3.5
5.7
3.9
2.2
3.4
6.9
15 April 2014

Piepoli
19.0

33.5
4.5

w. NCD
24.5

w. SE
3.5
6.5
4.0
2.5
2.0
9.0
15 April 2014

Ipsos
19.6

34.2
5.0

w. NCD
22.7

w. SE
3.5
6.0
3.0
3.1
2.9
11.5
14 April 2014

EMG
20.3

34.4
4.6

w. NCD
22.9

w. SE
3.5
5.2
3.4
2.5
3.2
11.5
14 April 2014

IPR
19.5

32.0
5.0

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
3.9
6.5
3.8
3.8
1.5
8.0
11 April 2014

Ixè
19.1

32.2
5.2

w. NCD
25.2

w. SE
3.6
5.3
4.2
1.9
3.3
7.0
11 April 2014

SWG
20.3

34.3
4.8

w. NCD
23.0
2.4
2.4
3.8
4.1
0.8
4.1
11.3
10 April 2014

Tecnè
21.4

30.5
5.1

w. NCD
23.8

w. SE
3.6
5.7
4.8
2.4
2.7
6.7
9 April 2014

Ipsos
20.5

33.9
5.8

w. NCD
22.3

w. SE
3.0
5.3
3.1
3.4
2.7
11.6
9 April 2014

Piepoli
19.0

33.0
4.0

w. NCD
24.5

w. SE
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.5
3.0
8.5
9 April 2014

Datamedia
20.0

31.3
5.0

w. NCD
24.3

w. SE
3.3
5.0
3.9
2.3
4.9
7.0
7 April 2014

IPR
20.0

30.5
4.5

w. NCD
23.0

w. SE
3.7
6.0
3.5
3.7
5.1
7.5
7 April 2014

Ixè
18.6

31.6
5.4
1.6
26.1
1.2
3.4
3.3
4.6
N/A
4.2
5.5
7 April 2014

EMG
20.9

33.9
4.4

w. NCD
22.5

w. SE
3.4
5.1
3.1
2.1
4.6
11.4
5 April 2014

Ipsos
21.1

33.3
5.3

w. NCD
21.2

w. SE
3.5
5.7
3.1
3.8
3.0
12.1
4 April 2014

SWG
19.5

34.8
4.8
1.1
20.0
2.6
2.8
4.1
3.7
0.6
6.0
14.8
3 April 2014

Tecnè
22.0

30.2
4.6
2.2
23.4
N/A
3.4
3.8
5.2
1.6
3.6
6.8
2 April 2014

Euromedia
21.6

31.5
4.8
1.8
21.4
1.0
3.5
3.9
3.8
2.0
4.7
9.9
2 April 2014

IPR
21.0

30.0
4.3
2.0
22.5
1.0
3.3
4.0
3.5
2.0
6.4
7.5
2 April 2014

Piepoli
20.0

33.0
4.0
2.0
23.0
2.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
N/A
4.0
10.0
2 April 2014

Datamedia
20.0

31.0
5.0
1.8
24.3
N/A
3.1
3.4
3.9
2.0
5.5
6.7
1 April 2014

Lorien
22.0

31.5
5.5
1.5
23.0
N/A
2.5
5.0
4.5
N/A
4.5
8.5
1 April 2014

Ipsos
21.8

33.0
5.5
3.0
21.0
2.9
3.1
4.3
3.3
N/A
2.1
11.2
31 March 2014

ScenariPolitici
18.3

27.9
7.1
2.0
25.9
1.4
3.6
4.2
4.8
1.7
3.1
2.0
31 March 2014

EMG
20.8

32.8
4.3
2.2
21.9
1.1
3.4
3.3
3.2
N/A
7.0
10.9
29 March 2014

SWG
18.8

35.0
5.0
1.3
21.1
2.1
3.1
3.8
4.0
N/A
5.2
13.9
28 March 2014

Ixè
20.8

30.5
5.8
1.2
25.3
1.4
3.2
3.2
4.9
N/A
3.7
5.2
27 March 2014

Tecnè
22.9

31.0
3.8
2.0
22.4
N/A
3.2
3.9
5.8
N/A
5.0
8.1
26 March 2014

IPR
22.0

29.5
4.3
2.0
23.0
1.0
3.0
4.3
3.5
2.3
5.1
6.5
26 March 2014

Euromedia
22.2

31.5
4.4
1.5
20.8
N/A
3.1
3.5
4.0
N/A
9.0
9.3
26 March 2014

Datamedia
20.5

30.5
5.0
1.8
24.0
N/A
3.0
3.5
3.7
2.0
6.0
6.5
24 March 2014

EMG
22.4

32.4
4.2
2.4
21.3
1.9
2.9
3.6
2.9
N/A
6.0
10.0
21 March 2014

Ixè
22.7

28.6
4.3
1.9
20.8
1.0
3.1
3.6
6.1
N/A
7.9
5.9
20 March 2014

Tecnè
23.5

32.4
3.3
1.9
21.9
N/A
2.9
3.8
5.6
N/A
4.7
8.9
17 March 2014

IPR
23.0

28.5
4.0
3.0
23.0
1.0
3.0
4.3
4.0
N/A
6.2
5.5
14 March 2014

Ixè
23.4

29.4
4.5
1.6
22.6
0.9
3.3
3.3
6.5
N/A
4.5
6.0
13 March 2014

Tecnè
24.4

30.4
4.0
2.0
21.8
N/A
3.5
3.5
5.4
N/A
5.0
6.0
13 March 2014

IPR
23.5

28.0
4.3
3.0
24.0

w. UdC
3.0
4.5
4.0
N/A
5.7
4.0
13 March 2014

Euromedia
23.5

28.5
4.4
2.0
23.1
1.7
2.7
3.7
4.9
N/A
5.5
5.0
10 March 2014

IPR
24.0

27.5
4.3

w. NCD
24.0

w. SE
3.0
5.5
4.0
2.5
5.2
3.5
7 March 2014

SWG
21.6

30.3
4.9
1.1
22.0

w. SE
2.7
3.3
N/A
2.3
11.8
8.3
7 March 2014

Ixè
24.0

29.1
4.7
1.9
21.8
1.0
3.5
3.2
6.3
N/A
4.5
5.1
6 March 2014

Tecnè
24.0

28.2
4.5
1.9
22.4
N/A
3.1
3.3
N/A
N/A
12.6
4.2
3 March 2014

ScenariPolitici
20.0

27.5
6.3
2.2
25.4
2.3
3.1
4.2
5.4
N/A
3.6
2.1
28 February 2014

Ixè
23.2

28.5
4.6
1.8
22.7
1.1
3.6
3.0
6.9
N/A
4.6
5.3
21 February 2014

Ixè
22.4

27.6
4.8
1.6
24.9
1.0
3.4
3.1
7.2
N/A
4.0
2.7
13 February 2014

Tecnè
23.5

29.6
3.9
2.3
25.4
N/A
3.0
3.7
N/A
N/A
8.6
4.2
5 February 2014

IPR
24.3

27.6
5.0
2.0
25.4
1.0
1.5
5.6
N/A
N/A
7.6
2.2
7 June 2009

Election results
35.3
26.1
10.2
6.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
15.4
8.8
Date
Polling Firm

FI

PD

LN

UdC

M5S

SC

FdI

NCD

AET

SE
Others
Lead



Results















































































































































































← Summary of 25 May 2014 European Parliament election results in Italy →
Party
European group
Main candidate
Votes
%
+/–
Seats
+/–


Democratic Party

S&D

Simona Bonafé
11,203,231
40.81

+14.69


31 / 73



+10


Five Star Movement

EFDD

Ignazio Corrao
5,807,362
21.15

new


17 / 73



new


Forza Italia

EPP

Raffaele Fitto
4,614,364
16.81

–18.45


13 / 73



–16


Northern League

NI

Matteo Salvini
1,688,197
6.15

–4.06


5 / 73



–4


New Centre-Right – Union of the Centre

EPP

Lorenzo Cesa
1,202,350
4.38

new


3 / 73



new


The Other Europe

GUE/NGL

Barbara Spinelli
1,108,457
4.03

new


3 / 73



new


Brothers of Italy

None

Giorgia Meloni
1,006,513
3.66

new


0 / 73



new


Green Italy – European Greens

Greens/EFA

Angelo Bonelli
250,102
0.91

new


0 / 73



new


European Choice (CD – SC – FFD)

ALDE

Bruno Tabacci
197,942
0.72

new


0 / 73



new


Italy of Values

ALDE

Ignazio Messina
181,373
0.66

–7.34


0 / 73



–7


South Tyrolean People's Party[7]

EPP

Herbert Dorfmann
138,037
0.50

+0.03


1 / 73


±0


I Change – MAIE

None

Davide Vannoni
50,978
0.18

new


0 / 73



new
Valid votes
27,448,906
94.70

Blank and Invalid votes
1,542,352
5.30

Totals

28,991,258

100.00




73 / 73




Electorate and voter turnout
50,662,460
57.22


Source: Ministry of the Interior




















































Popular vote
PD
40.81%
M5S
21.15%
FI
16.81%
LN
6.15%
NCD–UDC
4.38%
AET
4.03%
FdI
3.66%
Others
2.98%




References





  1. ^ "Results of the 2014 European elections - Results by country - Italy - European Parliament". Europarl.europa.eu. 2014-09-22. Retrieved 2018-08-18..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  3. ^ Renzi's triumph in EU vote gives mandate for Italian reform


  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  7. ^ List connected with the Democratic Party











這個網誌中的熱門文章

12.7 cm/40 Type 89 naval gun

Rikitea

University of Vienna